• Title/Summary/Keyword: Road emission

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Analysis on the Correction Factor of Emission Factors and Verification for Fuel Consumption Differences by Road Types and Time Using Real Driving Data (실 주행 자료를 이용한 도로유형·시간대별 연료소모량 차이 검증 및 배출계수 보정 지표 분석)

  • LEE, Kyu Jin;CHOI, Keechoo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.33 no.5
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    • pp.449-460
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    • 2015
  • The reliability of air quality evaluation results for green transportation could be improved by applying correct emission factors. Unlike previous studies, which estimated emission factors that focused on vehicles in laboratory experiments, this study investigates emission factors according to road types and time using real driving data. The real driving data was collected using a Portable Activity Monitoring System (PAMS) according to road types and time, which it compared and analyzed fuel consumption from collected data. The result of the study shows that fuel consumption on national highway is 17.33% higher than the fuel consumption on expressway. In addition, the average fuel consumption of peak time is 4.7% higher than that of non-peak time for 22.5km/h. The difference in fuel consumption for road types and time is verified using ANOCOVA and MANOVA. As a result, the hypothesis of this study - that fuel consumption differs according to road types and time, even if the travel speed is the same - has proved valid. It also suggests correction factor of emission factors by using the difference in fuel consumption. It is highly expected that this study can improve the reliability of emissions from mobile pollution sources.

Improvement of Emissions from Diesel Engine according to the Korean Standard Test Cycle in the Construction Equipment (건설기계용 엔진의 국내 표준시험모드에 따른 배출가스 특성 및 개선)

  • Joo, Taeheun;Yu, Seunghun;Lee, Chang-Eon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.42-48
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    • 2014
  • The emission standard of diesel engine on the construction equipment has been rapidly enhanced in advanced countries, because most of air pollutions was caused by construction equipment. So, all of the construction equipments will be tested for emission with standard measurement mode. But, the standard measurement mode of construction equipment is different for non-road and one for the road in korea. This study was conducted to measure emission characteristics of the construction equipment with changed standard measurement mode and to improvement the emissions experimentally.

Railway transport climate change policy proposal by analysis of global railway transport climate change polity (해외 기후변화대응 철도 정책 분석을 통한 국내 기후변화대응 철도정책 방향 제시)

  • Kang, Seung-Woo;Kim, Jin-Yong;Chang, Young-Jong;Kim, Yong-Ki
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2009.05a
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    • pp.349-354
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    • 2009
  • IPCC reported that 17% of the global GHGs emission is from transport sector. Road transport sector contributes to 70% of transport sector's GHGs emission. Nowadays, Climate change is a global issue and railway transport is marked as an environmental friendly transport mode. For decreasing the GHGs emission of road transport sector which occupies almost of transport sector's GHGs emission, railway transport is emphasized as a environment friendly alternative transport. In this paper, For the promotion of railway transport's role about climate change, I indicated the direction of South Korea's railway transport policy by analyzing some countries' modal shifts and railway transport's climate change policy.

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Determination of vehicle emission factor of NMHC from a tunnel study (터널 측정을 통한 비메탄계 탄화수소의 자동차 배출계수 산정)

  • Na Gwang-Sam;Kim Yong-Pyo;Kim Yeong-Seong;Mun Il
    • Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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    • 2000.11a
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    • pp.136-138
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    • 2000
  • The vehicle emissions of primary air pollutants are described by the emission factor (EF), defined as the emitted mass (g) of a compound per distance (km) and vehicle. The EF can be determined by exhaust measurements from single vehicles in dynamometric tests. However, the EF of a large number of vehicles has to be measured to obtain the representative results for actual road traffic emissions. Road traffic emissions can also be determined by exhaust measurements of driving vehicles or in tunnel measurements. (omitted)

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A Study on the Emission Characteristics of Korean Light-duty Vehicles in Real-road Driving Conditions (국내 소형자동차의 실제 도로 주행 배출가스 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Junhong;Lee, Jongtae;Kim, Sunmoon;Kim, Jeongsoo;Ahn, Keunwhan
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.123-134
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    • 2013
  • Strengthening vehicle emission regulation is one of important policies to improve air quality in urban area. Due to the limitation of specified driving cycles for certification test to reflect real driving conditions, additional off-cycle emission regulations have been adopted in US and being developed in Europe. The driving cycles of US or Europe have been used in emission certification for Korean light-duty vehicles, but it has not been known how well the driving cycles reflect various real driving patterns in Korea. In that point of view, it is required to estimate vehicle emission based on real road driving conditions to raise the effectiveness of vehicle emission regulation in Korea. In this study, real driving emission measurements have been conducted for three Korean light-duty vehicles with PEMS. The driving routes consisted of urban, rural and motorway in Seoul and Incheon. The data have been analyzed with various averaging methods including moving averaging windows method and compared to emission limits set with emission certification modes applied to tested vehicles. The results have shown that the real driving pollutant emissions of a gasoline and a LPG vehicles have been ranged quite lower than those of emission limits on CVS-75 driving cycle. But real driving NOx of a light duty diesel vehicle has been considerably higher than emission limit of NEDC driving cycle. The higher than expected NOx emission of a diesel vehicle might be caused by different strategy to control EGR in real driving condition from NEDC driving.

Evaluations for Representativeness of Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles' Fuel-based Emission Factors on Vehicle Operating Conditions (연료 소비량에 기반한 소형 경유차 대기오염물질 배출계수의 운전조건별 대표성 평가)

  • Lee, Taewoo;Kwon, Sangil;Son, Jihwan;Kim, Jiyoung;Jeon, Sangzin;Kim, Jeongsoo;Choi, Kwangho
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.745-756
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate representativeness of fuel-based emission factors. Twelve light-duty diesel vehicles which meet Euro-3 to 5 legislative emission limits were selected for emission tests. Second-by-second modal emission rates of vehicles were measured on a standard laboratory chassis dynamometer system. An off-cycle driving cycle was developed as a representative Korean real-world on-road driving cycle. Fuel-based emission factors were developed for short trip segments that involved in the selected driving cycle. Each segment was defined to have unit travel distance, which is 1 km, and characterized by its average speed and Relative Positive Acceleration (RPA). Fuel-based $NO_x$ emission factors demonstrate relatively good representativeness in terms of vehicle operation conditions. $NO_x$ emission factors are estimated to be within ${\pm}20%$ of area-wide emission factor under more than 40% of total driving situations. This result implies that the fuel-based $NO_x$ emission factor could be practically implemented into the on-road emission management strategies, such as a remote sensing device (RSD). High emitting vehicles as well as high emitting operating conditions heavily affect on the mean values and distributions of CO and THC emission factors. Few high emitting conditions are pulling up the mean value and biasing the distributions, which weaken representativeness of fuel-based CO and THC emission factors.

Effect of Injection Timing and Injector Hole Number on Emission Characteristics for Off-road Diesel Engine (비도로용 디젤엔진의 분사시기 및 인젝터 변경에 따른 배출가스 특성 연구)

  • Kim, Hoon Myung;Kang, Jeong Ho;Han, Da Hye;Jung, Hak Sup;Pyo, Su Kang;Ahn, Jueng Kyu
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.15-20
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    • 2014
  • Environmental regulations are being reinforced for the solution of environmental pollution, that are global issues. Exhaust gas regulations of off-road engines also demand stepwise reduction emission from beginning of Tier 4 interim(2013). Characteristically, Tier 4 regulation apply the NRTC mode which is a transient cycle. And technical studies using NRTC mode are uncommon. In this study, for satisfy the Tier 4 final regulation on the NRTC mode, experimental study was conducted using a 3.4 L off-road engine. Fuel injection timing and injector hole number are chosen as parameters for investigation of combustion and exhaust gas characteristics on off-road diesel engine.

Method for the evaluation of Unit Load of Road­-Section CO2 Emission Based on Individual Speed Data (개별 속도자료기반 도로구간 CO2 배출량 원단위 산정 방안)

  • Park, Chahgwha;Yoon, Byoungjo;Chang, Hyunho
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.96-105
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    • 2017
  • Global warming, mainly caused by CO2, is one of the on­going cataclysms of the human race. The nation­wide policy to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) has been enforced, for which it is crucial to estimate reliable GHG emissions. The unit load of road­section CO2 emission (URSCE) is a prerequisite for the evaluation of GHG emissions from road mobile source, and it is mainly computed using vehicular velocity source. Unfortunately, there is real­world limitations to collect and analyse representative speed data for nation­wide road network. To tackle this problem, a method for the evaluation of URSCE, proposed in this study, is based on a disaggregated way using big GPS vehicle data. The method yields more accurate URSCE than an current aggregated data based approach and can be directly employed for nation­wide road systems.

Evaluation of Emission Reduction Program for In-use Diesel Vehicles Using PM10 Concentrations of Road-side and Background Monitoring Network (도로변 및 배경농도 측정망 PM10 자료를 이용한 노후 운행경유차 배출가스 저감사업 효과 해석)

  • Kim, Cheol-Hee;Jo, Hyun-Young;Lee, Song-Weon;Oh, Chang-Seok
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.20 no.12
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    • pp.1585-1598
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    • 2011
  • Emission reduction program for in-use diesel vehicles (ERPDV) has been enacted since 2004 over the Seoul metropolitan area, and diesel emission reduction is forced to fulfill this regulation. This study was performed to evaluate the ERPDV using $PM_{10}$ concentrations of both road-side monitoring and national background network during the period of 2004-2010. In order to assess the pure road emission, we first eliminated the long range transport effect by deducting the trend of annual national background concentrations from the road-side $PM_{10}$ concentrations, and then analyzed the time series of the resultant $PM_{10}$ concentrations over Seoul metropolitan area. The annual rates of variations of road-side $PM_{10}$ with the deduction of trend of background level show -3.2, +0.4, and -2.4 ${\mu}g/m^3$/year, in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyonggi province, respectively. There are steadily decreasing trend in Seoul with all of statistic parameters such as mean, mediam, 5%ile, 10%ile, 25%ile, 75%ile, 90%ile, and 95%ile concentrations. Incheon shows some fluctuations with positive with no significant trend, and Gyonggi province shows overall decreasing but not consistent. Student-t test shows 95% significant level of ERPDV effect in Seoul, but there exists no significant level greater than 90% in both Incheon, and Kyonggi province. Total annual averaged trend over the whole Seoul metropolitan area is estimated to lie in approximately $-2.9{\mu}g/m^3$/year in this study, implying the intimate involvement of ERPDV to a large extent. This is also suggesting that the further research cost-effectiveness of ERPDV with consideration of the long range transport process would be needed over the Seoul metropolitan area.

A Model for Estimating NOx Emission Concentrations on National Road (차량배출가스로 인한 일반국도 NOx 대기오염 추정 모형)

  • Oh, Ju-Sam;Kim, Byung-Kwan
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.121-129
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between observed traffic data and NOx concentrations from not an ideal condition but a real road in real-time. Also we aim to develop an estimation model for NOx emission concentrations due to vehicle exhaust gas, and it can be applied to monitor the degree of air pollution on National Road in real-time. To eliminate outliers which are occurred due to errors of equipments and other variables, we use the robust analysis and develop two models. which are considering and not considering wind impact. The result of this research can be used for understanding present condition of air pollution caused by vehicle exhaust gas and evaluating for environmental effects of transportation policy.