• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.67-78
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• 2011

This paper analyzes the characteristics of drivers' workload observed from with 30 participant drivers with respect to two physio-physiological parameters. For investigating physio-physiological characteristics of road drivers, bio-signals from brain's occipital lobe between simulation experiment and real driving experiment are collected and analyzed. The major findings from the analysis are summarized as follows: First, the drivers' physio-physiological workload is a good parameter for explaining the workload characteristics of road drivers. Secondly, the two physio-physiological workload parameters selected, i.e., beta value and relative energy parameter, are revealed to be statistically significant. Thirdly, it is also revealed to be statistically significant to select 90 percentile measurements in simulator experiment to explain the road drivers' characteristics. Finally, the maximum workload of road design driver is 31.72 in beta parameter, whereas the minimum workload is 1.296 in relative energy parameter.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to establish how drivers react on different pavement markings in a driving simulator for speed reduction. For this, forty one people between the ages of twenty and seventy took part in this experiment. A study analyzed which patterns are effective to reduce a speeding. As a results, 'Peripheral Transverse Lines II' were the most effective treatment for reducing driving speeds in the driving simulator. This study carries an important meaning when presenting the effectiveness of speed reduction for perceptual countermeasure based on the human factors. Further research will be required to determine the long term effectiveness of these countermeasures due to concerns over drivers becoming too accustomed to implemented markings. Also, the color contrasts (for example, dark asphalt with white markings) can be considered.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.1233-1238
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• 2009

This study's aim was to confirm that pseudoneglect affects visual attention through car laterality, using a driving simulator with either bisection or quadrisection strategies being applied to road usage. On the pencil and paper tests, the left quadrisection and bisection marks deviated significantly to the left. While driving, the car was significantly lateralized to the right of the lane regardless of conditions. However, in terms of relative laterality, the biggest left laterality occurred on roads 1(bisection), while the smallest left laterality occurred on roads 2 (right quadrisection). Thus, the effect of pseudoneglect was demonstrated in both the pencil and paper tests and the driving simulation task. Also, roads 2 and 4, which were driven on the right side of the lane, showed a tendency for drivers to avoid the centerline, as this was the expected cause of right laterality. This study demonstrated that the pseudoneglect phenomenon can occur in a routine driving task.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.2D
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• pp.235-242
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• 2008

Due to the lack of judgement in an information processing on road sign, older drivers usually are having a hard time driving than young group. Furthermore, according to increasing in aging population, older drivers in Korea have been growing much faster. That means research for older drivers' characteristics and the number of guide name for road sign should be needed. In accordance with suggestions, this study was carried out the number of guide names for road sign with a variety of ages from the twenties to the seventies. For the sake of this study, statistical verification was conducted to confirm a change of speed, a reading time and a misreading rate with Driving Simulator and Electrooculogram tool. As the results of study, change of speed in the age range has shown that the higher the proportion of age, the lower the rate of velocity. Also reading time in the age range with regression analysis found that the higher the proportion of age, the higher the rate of reading time by 0.106sec. Finally, a binary logistic model was used to find the main factors. As the results, 4 number of guide names for road sign have been the best of them for older driver. The result of this study verified the importance of ideal guide numbers on road sign for older driver and proved itself to be an effective method to determine the road safety for the road signs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2009

The directions of the road are divided into two, the right-hand side and left-hand side of the road, by the convention and specific native method in the world. This paper deals with the characteristics and behaviors of drivers who are accustomed to driving on right-hand side of the road, drive with a handle on the left-hand side, and comparing with left-hand side drivers. The driver's eye movements were measured by eye camera and questionnaires were used for measuring subjective evaluation such as driving mental workload. The experimental results indicated even if the experts who had much experience on right-hand side driving, they had lower driving skill than novice driver, accustomed to driving on left-hand side. In terms of mental workload, MCH rating scale and MNASA-TLX, the right-hand side drivers were in lower stress condition than the left-hand side drivers because of having much driving experience. However, they conducted a few mistakes by confusing the position of turn signal and windshield wiper because of their driving habit or traits and it lead to operation mistakes. These results can be applied effectively to develop the driving support information with changed environments.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.42-48
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• 2023

In recent years, automated vehicles have garnered attention in the multidisciplinary research field, promising increased safety on the road and new opportunities for passengers. High-Definition (HD) maps have been in development for many years as they offer roadmaps with inch-perfect accuracy and high environmental fidelity, containing precise information about pedestrian crossings, traffic lights/signs, barriers, and more. Demonstrating autonomous driving requires verification of driving on actual roads, but this can be challenging, time-consuming, and costly. To overcome these obstacles, creating HD maps of real roads in a simulation and conducting virtual driving has become an alternative solution. However, existing HD maps using high-precision data are expensive and time-consuming to build, which limits their verification in various environments and on different roads. Thus, it is challenging to demonstrate autonomous driving on anything other than extremely limited roads and environments. In this paper, we propose a new and simple method for implementing HD maps that are more accessible for autonomous driving demonstrations. Our HD map combines the CARLA simulator and OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, which are both open-source, allowing for the creation of HD maps containing high-accuracy road information globally with minimal dependence. Our results show that our easily accessible HD map has an accuracy of 98.28% for longitudinal length on straight roads and 98.42% on curved roads. Moreover, the accuracy for the lateral direction for the road width represented 100% compared to the manual method reflected with the exact road data. The proposed method can contribute to the advancement of autonomous driving and enable its demonstration in diverse environments and on various roads.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.313-320
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• 2013

The four-dimensional cycle simulator, which can recognize whether the road is ascent or descent, its gradient, and status of its surface on Virtual Reality, is introduced in this paper. On the base of these recognitions, various virtual motion path situations are displayed on LCD monitor attached ahead. These various situations may support not only the sense of realty but also an interest in a game in opposition to previous exercise cycles that might be monotonous. In this paper both analysis and estimation of basic bodily abilities for the four-dimensional cycling are addressed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1591-1601
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• 2013

In this study, It is conducted for novice drivers about driving behavior and psychological characteristics analysis to reduce traffic accident risk and provide the basic data of education program development. Therefore, this study classified by the category-specific characteristics and hazard prediction through survey of the novice driver and unpredictable behavior and psychological characteristics were studied. The novice and general characteristics and driving behavior with vehicle simulators, comparison and analysis of the novice driver traffic safety education basic research direction based on the statistical results. Prediction the results of this study, the Hazard of the driver, speeding, traffic violation, information providing omission, abrupt change, the number of accidents in all areas novice driver is high compared to the general driver. In addition, Novice driver showed a statistically significant level of Hazard compared to the general driver target novice drivers and the general ability to predict Hazard of violation, abrupt change, and a number of traffic accidents were omitted level of speeding and other information providing level drivers all showed similar results. Vehicle simulator. The experimental results showed that novice drivers compared to drivers poorly overall driving performance. It showed a notable difference in the number of collisions, especially novice drivers compared to drivers in complex road traffic conditions due to a lack of driving experience and learning ability are considered.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.31-43
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• 2019

Take-overs occur in autonomous vehicles at levels 3 and 4 based on SAE. For safe take-over, it is necessary to set the time required for diverse drivers to complete take-over in various road conditions. In this study, take-over time and stabilization characteristics were measured to secure safety of take-over in autonomous vehicle. To this end, a virtual driving simulator was used to set up situations similar to those on real expressways. Fifty drivers with various sexes and ages participated in the experiment where changes in traffic volume and geometry were applied to measure change in takeover time and stabilization characteristics according to various road conditions. Experimental results show that the average take-over time was 2.3 seconds and the standard deviation was 0.1 second. As a result of analysis of stabilization characteristics, there was no difference in take-over stabilization time due to the difference of traffic volume, and there was a significant difference by curvature changes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.5 s.77
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• pp.103-111
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationships between cognitive abilities and driving characteristics of elderly drivers. Driving characteristics of elderly and younger drivers who were driving a fixed base driving simulator vehicle were examined. Participants consisted of 12 drivers over age 65 (the 'older' group) and 12 drivers between the ages of 25 and 55 (the "younger" group). As indices of cognitive ability, critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF) tests and cognitive reaction tests were given before the driving task. CFF was also tested after the simulated driving task for both groups. Cognitive reaction tests, which were composed of speed estimation tests, multiple choice reaction tests and obstacle avoidance tests, were developed by the Korean Road Traffic Safety Authority in 2003. CFF values between the two groups exhibited significant differences both before and after the task, with a p-value less than 0.01 and a t-value of -3.01 before the test and a p-value less than 0.031 and a t-value of -2.35 after the test. Older drivers' CFF values were lower than those of the younger. However, there was no difference in older or younger driver CFF values before and after the task within the same group. Except for the multiple choice reaction test, there was no difference in cognitive reaction test results between the two groups. The elderly drivers made more errors though they did not differ from the younger drivers in reaction times. At the simulated driving task the reaction time of the elderly driver was longer than that of the younger; however, the driving speed of the elderly was lower and the number of collisions greater. There was a positive correlation (r=.496) between the number of errors in the multiple choice reaction test and the number of collisions in the driving task. Therefore, it was identified that critical attributes contributing to automobile crashes involving elderly drivers included cognitive difficulty in judging and responding to complex situations.