• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.297-300
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• 1994

Development of hyperlipidemic animal model is prerequisite for the screening of drugs lowering the blood lipoprotein level. In this study, two kinds of diet regimens were tried for the hyperlipidemic effect. The model will be used for the screening of current prescriptions to a variety of diseases related to hyperlipidemia by practioner of traditional herbal medicine. Fifteen male Wister rats of 200g were divided into three groups, and given normal, or either one of the two high cholesterol diets for up to 2 weeks. Regimen HC-1 and regimen HC-2 contained I% and 2% cholesterol in diet, respectively. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and lower density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels in the serum were measured before the start of the diet, at 1 week after the start, and at 2 week point. Both regimens resulted in hyperlipidemia with the typical characteristics of increase in TC and LDL, and reduction in HDL, and showed no observable side effects such as diarrhea. In conclusion, both of HC-1 and HC-2 regimens appeared appropriate as diet regimens for the hyperlipidemic rat model.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.117-130
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• 2009

By providing ubiquitous Internet connectivity, wireless networks offer more convenient ways for users to surf the Internet. However, wireless networks encounter more technological challenges than wired networks, such as bandwidth, security problems, and handoff latency. Thus, this paper proposes new technologies to solve these problems. First, a Security Access Gateway (SAG) is proposed to solve the security issue. Originally, mobile terminals were unable to process high security calculations because of their low calculating power. SAG not only offers high calculating power to encrypt the encryption demand of SAG's domain, but also helps mobile terminals to establish a multiple safety tunnel to maintain a secure domain. Second, Robust Header Compression (RoHC) technology is adopted to increase the utilization of bandwidth. Instead of Access Point (AP), Access Gateway (AG) is used to deal with the packet header compression and de-compression from the wireless end. AG's high calculating power is able to reduce the load on AP. In the original architecture, AP has to deal with a large number of demands by header compression/de-compression from mobile terminals. Eventually, wireless networks must offer users "Mobility" and "Roaming". For wireless networks to achieve "Mobility" and "Roaming," we can use Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) technology. Nevertheless, such technology might cause latency. Furthermore, how the security tunnel and header compression established before the handoff can be used by mobile terminals handoff will be another great challenge. Thus, this paper proposes to solve the problem by using Early Binding Updates (EBU) and Security Access Gateway (SAG) to offer a complete mechanism with low latency, low handoff mechanism calculation, and high security.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.961-964
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• 2008

Fire safety is one of the important factors to be examined when applying ECC to actual concrete structures. The purpose of this study is to confirm whether the fire resistance of ECC satisfies the fire resistant requirements in order to use the fire protection material in concrete structures. Employed temperature curve are HC and RABT criterion, which are severe in various criterion of fire temperature in concrete structures. The test results show that ECC did not undergo any deterioration of fire resistance nor cause explosive spalling, which had been anticipated due to the presence of organic fibers. With comparison of current concrete and fire-resistance materials, the experimental results of ECC shows the better fire resistance performance than the other.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.183-187
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• 2014

Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) causes disease of plants in the family Asteraceae, especially lettuce crops. LMV isolates have previously been clustered in three main groups, LMV-Yar, LMV-Greek and LMV-RoW. The first two groups, LMV-Yar and LMV-Greek, have similar characteristics such as no seed-borne transmission and non-resistance-breaking. The latter one, LMV-RoW, comprising a large percentage of the LMV isolates contains two large subgroups, LMV-Common and LMV-Most. To date, however, no Korean LMV isolate has been classified and characterized. In this study, LMV-Muju, the Korean LMV isolate, was isolated from lettuce showing pale green and mottle symptoms, and its complete genome sequence was determined. Classification method of LMV isolates based on nucleotide sequence divergence of the NIb-CP junction showed that LMV-Muju was categorized as LMV-Common. LMV-Muju was more similar to LMV-O (LMV-Common subgroup) than to LMV-E (LMV-RoW group but not LMV-Common subgroup) even in the amino acid domains of HC-Pro associated with pathogenicity, and in the CI and VPg regions related to ability to overcome resistance. Taken together, LMV-Muju belongs to the LMV-Common subgroup, and is expected to be a seed-borne, non-resistance-breaking isolate. According to our analysis, all other LMV isolates not previously assigned to a subgroup were also included in the LMV-RoW group.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.88-91
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• 1999

A series of NiO/NiFe bilayer films are deposited with the variation of Ar sputtering pressure for the NiO layers only. As the pressure for the NiO layers increases, the exchange anisotropy field (HEX) decreases gradually and becomes extinct at 2.5 mTorr, at which the maximum coercive force (HC) in the NiO/NiFe films is obtained. Randomly oriented columnar structures with HEX a few tens of Oe and oriented columnar structures with zero HEX are observed in the NiP layers by highvoltage hihg-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The vanishing of the HEX in the oriented structures is attributed to the lack of exchange anisotropy energy (EEX) between NiO and NiFe layers, which results in little contribution of interfacial unidirectional pinning anisotropy to the interface of NiO/NiFe bilayer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1202-1209
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of high-carbohydrate (HC) diet, high-protein (HP) diet and high-fat (HF) diet with a normal diet (N) on diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) in healthy Korean women. The four isoenergetic test meals consisted as follows: HC (75$ \% $ energy from carbohydrate, 10$ \% $ from protein and 15$ \% $ from fat), HP (10$ \% $ energy from carbohydrate, 75$ \% $ from protein and 15$ \% $ from fat) HF (15$ \% $ energy from carbohydrate, 10$ \% $ from protein and 75$ \% $ from fat) diet and N (65$ \% $ energy from carbohydrate, 15$ \% $ from protein and 20$ \% $ from fat) diet. Fasting and postprandial thermogenesis were measured after each test meals in eight subjects by indirect calorimetry for 3 hours. Fasting and postprandial serum glucose, insulin and triacylglycerol contents were also measured for 3 hours. DIT were 10.4$\pm$3.2 for HC, 12.7$\pm$0.5 for HP, 6.9$\pm$2.8 for HF and 8.7$\pm$4.8 for N diet as a percentage of the energy load. DIT of HP was greater than HF significantly, but had no differences with HC and N Integrated areas under the curves ($ \delta- $-AUC) of plasma glucose and insulin were significantly higher for HC compared to HP, HF and N diets. $ \delta$-AUC of plasma triacylglycerol was significantly higher for HF compared to the other test meals. In conclusion, intake of protein rich meal stimulates postprandial energy expenditure, but has no relation between DIT and insulin response, body composition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.85-87
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• 1993

We have investigated three polyene systems, $X-(-HC=CH-)_n-Y$, where X/Y=H/H, $F/CH_3$, and $NH_2/NO_2$. We estimated asymptotic values (for $n=\infty$ of the electronic properties with $logA=a_o+a_1/(n+1)+a_2/(n+1)^2+a_3/(n+1)^3$, so that the cases n=0 can be included in that equation. Here, A can be $\mu$, $\beta$, $\alpha/(n+1)$ or $\gamma/(n+1)$. For these asymptotic values. the SCF results are more reliable due to the higher level of theory, while the PM3 results can give better trend with more data for polyene systems with longer chain length.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.477-484
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• 1984

The crude lipid contents in meat, skin and viscera of eel were 24.94, 20.00 and 14.96, respectively, and higher than the other fresh water fishes. The free lipid was consisted in order of neutral lipid(86.71~94.94), phospholipid(4.13~12.74) and glycolipid(0.63~1.22), and the bound lipid in order of phospholipid(51.74~75.21), neutral lipid(14.41~36.82) and glycolipid(5.12~7.51). The neutral lipid in free lipid was mainly consisted of TG(68.51~95.22), and that in bound lipid TG(36.54~39.94), ES & HC(17.20~18.01), and MG(15.81~18.11). The phospholipid in free lipid was mainly consisted of PC (32.40~56.08) and PE(18.71~31.09), while that in bound lipid PC (<42.51~67.90) and PS (23.37~34.49). The contents of major fatty acid of polar lipid in free and bound lipids were $C_{16:0}$(16.58, 14.10, $C_{18:0}$(12.44, 7.36), $C_{18:1}$(16.01, 15.78), $C_{20:4}$(10.01, 6.11) $C_{20:5}$(4.20, 8.67) and $C_{22:6}$(10.26, 18.32) and those of nonpolar lipid in free and bound lipids were $C_{16:0}$(22.31, 18.61), $C_{18:0}$(4.36, 5.69, $C_{18:1}$(36.30, 27.20) $C_{20:5}$(2.88, 2.38) $C_{22:5}$(6.38, 5.11) and $C_{22:6}$(1.20, 5.11). The total essential fatty acid(TEFA) content of polar lipid in meat was ranged from 17.33 to 22.88, and 2.0~3.0 times higher than that of nonpolar lipid, and the TEFA content of bound lipid in meat was ranged from 11.54 to 22.88, and 1.5~2.0 times higher than that of free lipid. The w3 highly unsaturated fatty acid(w3-HUFA) content of polar lipid in meat was ranged from 8.63 to 42.85, and higer than 11.48 to 14.42 of nonpolar lipid. Also the w3-HUFA content of bound lipid in meat was ranged from 13.35 to 42.85, and higher than 11.48 to 18.63 of free lipid. The w3-HUFA content in meat was higher than that in skin and/or viscera

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1985

This study was designed to elucidate the lipid and its fatty acid composition in various tissues of cat fish, Parasilurus asotus. The free lipid contents in meat, skin and viscera were 5.62%, 26.34% and 19.27%, whereas the bound lipid contents in those tissues were 2.34%, 2.30% and 19.27%, respectively. The neutral lipid contents in free lipid were 5 times higher than those in bound lipid, while the phospholipid contents in bound lipid were 4 times higher than those in free lipid. The neutral lipid was mainly composed of triglyceride (79.84%-99.86%) in free lipid, and esterified sterol & hydrocarbon (55.12-64.33%) in bound lipid. The phospholipid was mainly composed of phosphatidyl choline (52.38-69.98%) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (24.09-40.48%) in free lipid, and phosphatidyl choline (53.03-58.54%) and phosphatidyl ethamolamine (13.80-19.23%) in bound lipid. The major fatty acids of polar lipid in free and bound lipids were C16:0 (28.37%, 21.99%), C18:1 (12.01%, 11.52%), C18:2 (17.93%, 14.12%) and C22:6 (17.22%, 20.63%), and those of nonpolar lipid in free and bound lipids were C16:0 (14.81%, 18.94%), C18: 1 (25.93%, 10.89%) and C22:6 (9.95%,23.44%), respectively. The total essential fatty acid (TEFA) content in skin was slightly higher than that in meat. In both polar and nonpolar lipids in meat ${\omega}3-HUFA$ contents of polar lipid were 1.5-2.0 times higher than nonpolar lipid and also ${\omega}3-HUFA$ content of bound lipid was slightly higher than that of free lipid. There were significant differences in the lipid classification and its fatty acid composition between free and bound lipids and/or in various tissues.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.405-413
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• 1984

As the previous paper of studios on lipids in fresh-water fishes, the present study was designed and analyzed to investigate the distribution of lipid components in various tissues of snake head, Channa argus. The free lipid was consisted of neutral lipid ($66.6{\sim}72.4\%$), phospholipid($17.9{\sim}20.4\%$) and glycolipid ($5.7{\sim}12.2\%$), while the bound lipid was consisted of phospholipid($28.6{\sim}50.6\%$), neutral lipid($13.2{\sim}36.1\%$) and glycolipid($3.8{\sim}22.8\%$). The neutral lipid was mainly consisted of triglyceride($62.00{\sim}90.20\%$) in free lipid, and esterified sterol & hydrocarbon($51.30{\sim}72.70\%$) in bound lipid. The phospholipid was mainly consisted of phosphatidyl ethanolamine($28.96{\sim}42.75\%$) and phosphatidyl choline ($27.85{\sim}41.06\%$) in free lipid, and phosphatidyl choline($47.18{\sim}52.45\%$) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine ($17.88{\sim}26.67\%$) in bound lipid. The major fatty acids of polar lipid in free and bound lipids were $C_{16:0}(21.03\%,\;22.62\%),\;C_{16:1}(8.70\%,\;30.1\%),\;C_{18:1}(20.62\%,\;12.11\%),\;C_{22:5}(3.21\%,\;6.50\%)\;and\;C_{22:6}(7.56\%,\;16.02\%)$, and these of neutral lipid in free and bound lipids were $C_{16:0}(18.98\%,\;19.12\%),\;C_{16:1}(9.04\%,\;13.49\%),\;C_{18:1}(22.94\%,\;11.61\%)\;and\;C_{22:5}(3.00\%,\;10.05\%)$, respectively. The unsaturation(TUFA/TSFA) of bound lipid was 3.99, and 2.5 times higher than 1.43 of free lipid. The contents of total essential fatty acid in free lipid were ranged $7.99\%\;to\;14.69\%$, and slightly higher than $6.57\%\;to\;8.25\%$ of bound lipid. In both polar and nonpolar lipids, w3 highly unsaturated fatty acid(w3-HUFA) contents of bound lipid were ranged $22.57\%\;to\;31.83\%$, and $2{\sim}3$ times higher than $7.88\%\;to\;14.03\%$ of free lipid. There were significant difference between the lipid and its fatty acid composition in free and bound lipids and/or in various tissues.