• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.377-388
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• 2022

The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of competition on the performance of Indian banks. The survey includes banks from both the public and private sectors. The study will collect data for four years, from 2015 to 2019. Dynamic and static panel data are applied to estimate the association between competition and the bank's performance. Profitability and risk-taking are the performance measures used in the study. The study's main findings are that competition does not impact the banks' profitability in India. However, the findings concerning risk-taking are mixed. Therefore, it can be inferred that overall competition does not impact the banks' performance in India. Other measures of performance of the banks could have been used in the study. It is a limitation to use data of four years. Data for a much more extended period could have also been used. This is one of the few papers on the subject. Therefore, its contribution is very significant. The gap in studies on the topic of competition versus performance of the banks is veritably filled by the current study's findings.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.105-128
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• 2005

The Purpose of the current study is to identify the differences between Samsung and Hyundai Group and the causes why the differences occurred. The study focuses on the founders of the two group as a main source of the differences, especially brain preference of the two founders. Two steps were employed to perform the study. Firstly, the two founders' characteristics were analyzed by using archival research. It was implicitly hypothesized that Group founders' characteristics explained the differences of the two Groups. It was found that the founder of Samsung Group, the late president Lee emphasized rationality, analysis, and cause/effect relationship and low risk taking, suggesting that he had left-brain preference. In contrast. the late president Chung, the founder of Hyundai Group, emphasized intuition, wholeness, contextual meaning, and risk taking, showing that he had right-brain preference. Secondly, a comparison between the two groups was performed in terms of business and financial risk in corporate portfolio, and management system. It was found that Hyundai Group was pursuing higher risk than Samsung Group. And it was observed that Samsung Group put more emphasis on formality in decision making and systematic control, and less emphasis on risk taking than Hyundai Group. From the two step research relationship between brian preference and management was reasoned. Research implications and limitations were discussed at the end of the study.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.647-656
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• 2020

This study empirically examines the effect of ownership structure on bank diversification and risk-taking behavior. The population of this study is based on all commercial banks listed in Bangladesh. Thirty-two conventional commercial banks were randomly selected from thirty-three conventional banks for this study. Data was collected from the annual reports of the concerned banks from 2000 to 2017. To analyze the data, we had applied the two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimator. The results of the analysis show that ownership structure i.e. managerial ownership, institutional ownership, general public ownership, and ownership concentration have a significant negative impact on bank diversification. On the other hand, institutional ownership, managerial ownership, and general public ownership have a significant positive impact on Z-score, and ownership concentration has an insignificant but positive impact on the Z-score of banks in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study opposes the benefits of diversification and promotes ownership structure which is capable of ensuring better financial stability by reducing the probability of risk. The policy-makers especially, Bangladesh banks should evaluate the fact of this study to issue guidelines on corporate governance, bank diversification, and risk-taking behavior of commercial banks.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.41-79
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• 2011

본고는 은행 임원에 대한 주식기준 보상, 특히 스톡옵션과 은행의 위험추구 간의 관계를 이론적으로 검토하고, 국내 은행 자료를 이용하여 실증적으로 분석한다. 이론적으로 은행의 주주는 유한책임(limited liability)의 특성으로 인해 사회적 최적 수준보다 위험한 자산 포트폴리오를 선택할 가능성이 있다. 이는 포트폴리오의 범위 확대에 따른 기대수익 증가가 수익 변동성의 폭 증가보다 크지 않을 경우 발생한다. 이 경우 주주는 스톡옵션 형태의 성과보상을 통해 경영자의 위험추구를 유도할 수 있다. 이러한 이론적 예측과는 달리 국내 은행 자료를 이용한 실증분석 결과는 스톡옵션 부여가 위험추구를 유도한다는 가설을 지지하지 않았다. 은행 임원에게 부여한 스톡옵션은 가격기준 위험지표와 투자기준 위험지표 모두에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못한 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 미국에서의 선행연구 결과와는 상반된 것으로, 분석 자료가 포함하지 않는 형태의 보상이나 규제효과 등 국내 은행업의 특수성에 기인한 것으로 볼 수 있다.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2008

The present study investigatesthe reliability and validity of the innovation leadership scale. Originally the seven factors with 25 items were developed through literature review. With a sample of 177 employees in a large company, the results of factor analyses showed that the five-factor model with 14 items had a better fit to the data than the seven-factor model. These five factors were innovativeness pursue, problem solving, vision presentation, risk-taking, and showing initiative. All of these factors were significantly related to various criteria such as identification with the group, attachment to the group, organizational commitment, and supervisor satisfaction, confirming criterion-related validity of the scale. Results of multiple regression analyses showedthat risk taking and showing initiative were more important predictors in explaining criteria. Finally, implications and limitations were discussed. The findings suggest that the key factors of innovation leadership were initiative and risk-taking.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제57권10호
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• pp.623-628
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• 2019

Warfarin is an anticoagulant involved in the production of vitamin K dependent blood clotting factors. Dentists should be familiar with the appropriate assessment methods and considerations for the treatment of patients taking warfarin. Dental surgery with the moderate risk of bleeding can be performed without stopping the drug through preoperative examination of the INR(international normalized ratio) value and evaluation. When performing a surgery with a high risk of bleeding, it is necessary to evaluate whether the drug can be discontinued, what the duration is, and the risk of discontinuation. Hemostasis can be obtained by local methods in most cases of postoperative bleeding in patients taking appropriately adjusted doses of warfarin.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2012

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used in the treatment of extensive diseases related to various symptoms; inflammation, pain and fever. NSAIDs work by blocking prostaglandin synthesis, but adverse drug events (ADEs) have been increasing dramatically such as gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation and stenosis, a kind of serious ADEs. Therefore, NSAID-related ulcer complication guidelines have been announced containing various risk factors and symptoms. Thus, this study aims to evaluate of NSAID usage and appropriateness for prevention of NSAID-related ulcer complication based on American journal of gastroenterology (AJG) guideline 2009. Further, the study suggests Korean guideline for prevention of NSAID-related ulcer compared to AJG guideline. For this study, data was collected through electronic medical record (EMR) at Seoul national university of Bundang hospital. The primary end point was a composite of NSAID-related ulcer risk factor, types of NSAIDs, co-prescribed NSAID ulcer prevention drugs and NSAID-related ulcer after taking NSAID. The risk factors include over 65 years, high dose NSAID, previous ulcer history and taking drugs (e.g. aspirin, anticoagulant and steroid) causing ulcer. If a patient has 3 or 4 factors, that patient was classified high risk group. And if 1 or 2 factors that patient was classified moderate risk group. The patient who has no risk factor was in low risk group. I studied 8,120 patients who received NSAID from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2009. High risk group was 16(0.2%), moderate risk group was 4,364(53.7%), and low risk group was 3,740(46.1%). The results show that high risk group should be prescribed COX-2 inhibitors with ulcer prevention drugs, and moderate or low risk group need traditional NSAIDs with ulcer prevention drugs. This may be different with 2009 AJG guideline because AJG guideline suggested taking COX-2 inhibitor alone in moderate group or taking traditional NSAID alone in low risk group could get higher ulcer complication. The results indicated that choosing preventive drug is important in case that how many risk factors the patients have. The proper drugs would be helpful for safe and effective NSAID usage in each patient group.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2022

첨단기술 발전에 따라 기계들이 인간의 영역을 대량으로 침범하고 있어 직업의 불안정성이 커지고 있다. 불안정한 직업은 지속적인 수익창출과 노후 준비를 위한 종업원의 창업의도에 긍정적인 동기를 부여한다. 제도적 환경과 개인의 창업가적 성향은 창업의도에 긍정적인 영향을 준다. 그러나 종업원들을 대상으로 이 두 가지를 포함한 연구 사례는 거의 없다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 국가의 제도적 환경이 종업원들의 창업의도에 미치는 영향과 이 독립변수와 종속변수 간의 관계에 있어서 위험 감수성의 매개 역할을 분석하는 데 있다. 본 연구는 제도적 환경을 제도적 프로파일 규제, 제도적 프로파일 규범, 제도적 프로파일 인지로 구성하였다. 연구자료는 국내 기업에 소속된 종업원을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 수집되었으며, 설문 응답이 누락되거나 불성실한 설문지를 제외하고 322부의 설문자료를 가설검증에 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 제도적 프로파일 규제 및 규범은 종업원의 창업의도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향이 있는 것으로 검증된 반면, 제도적 프로파일 인지는 창업의도에 유의한 영향이 없는 것으로 검증되었다. 둘째, 제도적 프로파일 규제 및 규범은 위험감수성에 유의한 정(+)의 영향이 있는 것으로 검증되었으나, 제도적 프로파일 인지는 위험감수성에 유의한 영향이 없는 것으로 검증되었다. 마지막으로, 위험감수성은 제도적 프로파일 규제와 창업의도 간의 관계를 부분 매개했으며, 제도적 프로파일 규범과 창업의도 간의 관계를 완전 매개하는 것으로 검증되었다. 본 연구의 이론적 시사점은 다음과 같다. 먼저, 본 연구는 국가의 제도적 프로파일 규제 및 규범이 종업원의 창업의도와 위험감수성의 중요한 선행요인이라는 것을 밝혔다는 점에서 이론적 기여를 한다. 다음으로, 본 연구는 기존 선행연구와 다르게 최초로 제도적 환경에 대한 종업원의 인식과 창업가의 개인 특성인 위험감수성으로 구성된 종업원의 창업의도 모델을 제시함으로써 이론적 기여를 한다. 본 연구의 실무적 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정부 및 지자체는 창업이 활성화될 수 있도록 제도적 프로파일에 대한 규제를 강화해야 한다. 둘째, 정부 및 지자체는 창업이 활성화될 수 있도록 제도적 프로파일에 대한 규범을 강화해야 한다. 마지막으로, 정부 및 지자체 그리고 교육기관은 창업에 대한 위험감수성을 강화하는 방안을 강구해야 한다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.88-104
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• 2017

The purpose of this study explains how service characteristics such as service competence, service customization, interpersonal communication and image affect service trust and affective commitments and how service trust, affective commitment play a role in affecting risk-taking and service loyalty in specialty hospital. and then confirm the mediating role of relationship quality components such as service trust and affective commitment in the above path relation. For this purpose, the research hypothesis was verified by structural equation model analysis(SEM) using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20.0 statistical package. The results of the study are as follows. First, interpersonal communication influenced service trust, image influenced affective commitment, service ability influenced service trust and emotional commitment, while service customization did not affect any factor. Second, service trust and affective commitment did not effect each other. Third, service trust and affective commitment were more powerful in risk-taking than the influence on service loyalty. Fourth, Risk takings affected service loyalty. Therefore, marketers of special hospitals not only medical services by providing medical service with superior service ability, but also by always strengthening interpersonal communication at the time of providing services. This will enable consumers to overcome the avoidance in the service decision process and implement a specific service marketing strategy that can continuously use the hospital service.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1154-1162
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• 2014

In the restructured electricity market, Performance-Based Regulation (PBR) regime has been introduced to the distribution network. To ensure the network stability, this regime is used along with quality regulations. Quality regulation impose new financial risks on distribution system operators (DSOs). The poor quality of the network will result in reduced revenues for DSOs. The mentioned financial risks depend on the quality indices of the system. Based on annual variation of these indices, the cost of quality regulation will also vary. In this paper with regard to reclosing fault in distribution network, we develop a risk-based method to assess the financial risks caused by quality regulation for DSOs. Furthermore, in order to take the stochastic behavior of the distribution network and quality indices variations into account, time-sequential Monte Carlo simulation method is used. Using the proposed risk method, the effect of taking reclosing time into account will be examined on system quality indicators and the cost of quality regulation in Swedish rural reliability test system (SRRTS). The results show that taking reclosing fault into consideration, affects the system quality indicators, particularly annual average interruption frequency index of the system (SAIFI). Moreover taking reclosing fault into consideration also affects the quality regulations cost. Therefore, considering reclosing time provides a more realistic viewpoint about the financial risks arising from quality regulation for DSOs.