Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
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The Effect of Institutional Environment on the Employees' Start-Up Intention: The Mediating Role of Risk Taking

제도적 환경이 종업원의 창업의도에 미치는 영향: 위험감수성의 매개 역할

  • Received : 2022.11.10
  • Accepted : 2022.12.19
  • Published : 2022.12.31
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the nation's institutional environment on start-up intention of employees and the mediating role of risk-taking propensity in the relationship between these variables. This study classified the institutional environment into institutional profile regulation, institutional profile norms, and institutional profile recognition. The research data were collected through questionnaires for office workers belonging to domestic companies, and 322 copies of questionnaire data were used for hypothesis verification, except for questionnaires that were omitted or unfaithful. The results of this study are as follows. First, institutional profile regulations and norms were positively related to start-up intention of office workers, while institutional profile cognition had no significant effect on the start-up intention. Second, institutional profile regulations and norms were positively related to risk taking, while institutional profile cognition had no significant effect on risk taking. Finally, risk taking was found to partially mediate the relationship between institutional profile regulation and start-up intention, and completely mediate the relationship between institutional profile norms and start-up intention. The theoretical implications of this study are as follows. First, this study makes a theoretical contribution in that it revealed that the country institutional profile regulation and norms are important prerequisites for start-up intention and risk taking. Next, unlike previous studies, this study makes a theoretical contribution by presenting a start-up intention model of office workers consisting of perception of the institutional environment and risk taking, which is the individual characteristic of entrepreneurs. The practical implications of this study are as follows. First, the government and local governments should strengthen regulations on institutional profiles so that start-ups can be activated. Second, the government and local governments should strengthen the norms for institutional profiles so that start-ups can be activated. Finally, the government, local governments, and educational institutions should devise measures to strengthen the risk taking of start-ups.

첨단기술 발전에 따라 기계들이 인간의 영역을 대량으로 침범하고 있어 직업의 불안정성이 커지고 있다. 불안정한 직업은 지속적인 수익창출과 노후 준비를 위한 종업원의 창업의도에 긍정적인 동기를 부여한다. 제도적 환경과 개인의 창업가적 성향은 창업의도에 긍정적인 영향을 준다. 그러나 종업원들을 대상으로 이 두 가지를 포함한 연구 사례는 거의 없다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 국가의 제도적 환경이 종업원들의 창업의도에 미치는 영향과 이 독립변수와 종속변수 간의 관계에 있어서 위험 감수성의 매개 역할을 분석하는 데 있다. 본 연구는 제도적 환경을 제도적 프로파일 규제, 제도적 프로파일 규범, 제도적 프로파일 인지로 구성하였다. 연구자료는 국내 기업에 소속된 종업원을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 수집되었으며, 설문 응답이 누락되거나 불성실한 설문지를 제외하고 322부의 설문자료를 가설검증에 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 제도적 프로파일 규제 및 규범은 종업원의 창업의도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향이 있는 것으로 검증된 반면, 제도적 프로파일 인지는 창업의도에 유의한 영향이 없는 것으로 검증되었다. 둘째, 제도적 프로파일 규제 및 규범은 위험감수성에 유의한 정(+)의 영향이 있는 것으로 검증되었으나, 제도적 프로파일 인지는 위험감수성에 유의한 영향이 없는 것으로 검증되었다. 마지막으로, 위험감수성은 제도적 프로파일 규제와 창업의도 간의 관계를 부분 매개했으며, 제도적 프로파일 규범과 창업의도 간의 관계를 완전 매개하는 것으로 검증되었다. 본 연구의 이론적 시사점은 다음과 같다. 먼저, 본 연구는 국가의 제도적 프로파일 규제 및 규범이 종업원의 창업의도와 위험감수성의 중요한 선행요인이라는 것을 밝혔다는 점에서 이론적 기여를 한다. 다음으로, 본 연구는 기존 선행연구와 다르게 최초로 제도적 환경에 대한 종업원의 인식과 창업가의 개인 특성인 위험감수성으로 구성된 종업원의 창업의도 모델을 제시함으로써 이론적 기여를 한다. 본 연구의 실무적 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정부 및 지자체는 창업이 활성화될 수 있도록 제도적 프로파일에 대한 규제를 강화해야 한다. 둘째, 정부 및 지자체는 창업이 활성화될 수 있도록 제도적 프로파일에 대한 규범을 강화해야 한다. 마지막으로, 정부 및 지자체 그리고 교육기관은 창업에 대한 위험감수성을 강화하는 방안을 강구해야 한다.

Keywords

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