• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2022

Purpose - We investigate how firms transfer financial risks to employees in a form of flexible employment contracts and layoffs. Design/methodology/approach - Based on the literature on the prevalence of shareholder value ideology and the associated 'risk shift', we examined how stock price volatility is associated with a firm's use and hiring of nonstandard employees, and the number of employees lay-offed. We test our hypotheses using a longitudinal, multi-source, dataset of Korean firms from 2003 to 2011. Findings - We found support for the relationship between stock price volatility and flexible employment contracts and layoffs after controlling for actual risks such as increased debt or decreased sales. However, we found that the relationship is moderated by the power of professional CEOs relative to that of shareholders, in that powerful CEOs are more likely to transfer the external risks, i.e. stock price volatility, to employees. Research implications or Originality - This study contributes the emerging stream of literature that explore the effect of stock market pressures and governance structures on human resource management.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2018

According to enhancement of roles and functions of enterprises' distribution centers, recent trend of distribution centers are specialization and diversification which have generated lots of new distribution center building or expansion of the existing ones and led attention on stock transfer importance in case of distribution center relocation. This thesis is a study for how to reduce stock transfer leadtime in order to minimize business risk and how to increase inventory accuracy when stock ownership is transferred in case of distribution center relocation, and to provide inventory accuracy management methods and inventory in/out management types, detailed definition to evaluate level for inventory accuracy management and pros/cons by inventory in/out management type assuming 'the higher inventory accuracy before stock transfer, the shorter stock transfer leadtime when distribution center is relocated'. This thesis provides detailed procedure to secure an absolute stock transfer leadtime and process to confirm hugh inventory accuracy by stakeholders which should be sloved by Task Force Team for stock transfer in case of distribution center relocation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.498-502
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• 2004

The current study was conducted to monitor the possibility of the gene transfer among soil bacteria, including the effect of drift due to rain and surface water, in relation to the release of genetically modified organisms into the environment. Four types of bacteria, each with a distinct antibiotic marker, kanamycin-resistant P. fluorescens, rifampicin-resistant P. putida, chloramphenicol-resistant B. subtilis, and spectinomycin-resistant B. subtilis, were plated using a small-scale soil-core device designed to track drifting microorganisms. After three weeks of culture in the device, no Pseudomonas colonies resistant to both kanamycin and rifampicin were found. Likewise, no Bacillus colonies resistant to both chloramphenicol and spectinomycin were found. The gene transfer from glyphosate-tolerant soybeans to soil bacteria, including Rhizobium spp. as a symbiotic bacteria, was examined by hybridization using the DNA extracted from soil taken from pots, in which glyphosate-tolerant soybeans had been growing for 6 months. The results showed that 35S, T-nos, and EPSPS were observed in the positive control, but not in the DNA extracted from the soilborne microorganisms. In addition, no transgenes, such as the 35S promoter, T-nos, and EPSPS introduced into the GMO soybeans were detected in soilborne bacteria, Rhizobium leguminosarum, thereby strongly rejecting the possibility of gene transfer from the GMO soybeans to the bacterium.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2016

Pseudomonas fluorescens pc78 is an effective biocontrol agent for soil-borne fungal diseases. We previously constructed a P43-gfp tagged biocontrol bacteria P. fluorescens pc78-48 to investigate bacterial traits in natural ecosystem and the environmental risk of genetically modified biocontrol bacteria in tomato rhizosphere. Fluctuation of culturable bacteria profile, microbial community structure, and potential horizontal gene transfer was investigated over time after the bacteria treatment to the tomato rhizosphere. Tagged gene transfer to other organisms such as tomato plants and bacteria cultured on various media was examined by polymerase chain reaction, using gene specific primers. Transfer of chromosomally integrated P43-gfp from pc78 to other organisms was not apparent. Population and colony types of culturable bacteria were not significantly affected by the introduction of P. fluorescens pc78 or pc78-48 into tomato rhizosphere. Additionally, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles were investigated to estimate the influence on the microbial community structure in tomato rhizosphere between non-treated and pc78-48-treated samples. Interestingly, rhizosphere soil treated with strain pc78-48 exhibited a significantly different bacterial community structure compared to that of non-treated rhizosphere soil. Our results suggest that biocontrol bacteria treatment influences microbial community in tomato rhizosphere, while the chromosomally modified biocontrol bacteria may not pose any specific environmental risk in terms of gene transfer.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.467-475
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• 2021

목적: 병동에서 급성악화 환자가 발생할 때 환자에게 집중치료가 필요한지 여부에 대한 결정은 환자의 예후를 향상시키기 위해서는 매우 중요하나, 특히 사용 가능한 ICU 자원이 제한적일 때는 ICU 전동 여부를 결정하기에는 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 일반병동 급성 악화 환자를 대상으로 중환자실 전동 위험요인을 확인하고자 한다. 연구방법: 후향적 조사연구로서 대상자는 일 상급종합병원 일반병동에 입원한 18세 이상의 성인 환자 중 악화상태를 보여 신속대응팀에 의뢰된 환자 2,945명을 대상으로 하였다. 중환자실 전동 위험요인을 파악하기 위해 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 연구결과: 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 입원시 고형암을 진단받은 경우 (odds ratio [OR] 0.39, 95% CI 0.32-0.47), 악화원인이 호흡문제인 경우 (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.17-1.95), MEWS (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.17-1.28)와 SpO2/FiO2 score (OR 2.41, 95% CI 2.23-2.60)가 중환자실 전동 위험요인으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구 결과는 중환자실 전동 위험이 높은 환자의 조기 예측을 가능하게 하여 환자의 예후를 향상시키는데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.235-244
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• 2004

동맥전환술은 대혈관전위증이나 Taussig-Bing 기형의 가장 보편적인 수술법으로 인정되고 있다. 동맥전환술 후 수술사망에 영향을 미치는 위험인자와 함께 관상동맥 이식 수기변형의 유효성을 알아보고자 하였다. 1994년부터 2002년 7월까지 동맥전환술을 동아대학교 병원에서 한 명의 외과의에 의하여 시행된 85예의 대혈관전위증과 양대혈관 우심실기시증 환아를 대상으로 후향적 조사를 하였다. 관상동맥이식 수기변형 등 수술(병원)사망에 관여한다고 생각하는 여러 인자들을 다변량 회귀분석을 통해 수술사망에 미치는 위험인자들을 파악하였다. 전체 수술사망(병원사망)은 모두 17예(20%)였으며 수술사망률이 98년 이전은 31.0% (13/42), 98년 이후는 9.3% (4/43)로 감소하였다. 대동맥궁 기형을 동반하지 않은 경우는 전체 사망률이 12.5% (9/72)였으나 동반된 경우는 61.5% (8/13)로 높은 사망률을 보였다. 관상동맥이식 수기변형을 하지 않은 경우 사망률은 28.1%(18/64)를 보인 반면 관상동맥이식 수기변형을 한 경우는 4.8% (1/21)로 많은 사망률의 감소가 관찰되었다. 다변량 회귀분석에서 심폐기가동시간($\geq$ 250분), 대동맥차단시간($\geq$ 150분), 대동맥궁기형이 동반된 경우, 수술 전 사건(event)이 있었던 경우, 개방 관상동맥 이식술(open coronary reimplantation technique)이 수술사망의 위험인자로 파악되었다. 동맥전환술의 수술사망률은 수술시기가 경과함에 따라 감소하였으며, 대동맥궁 기형의 동반과 술 전 사건(event)이 수술사망의 중요 위험인자였다. 비전형적 관상동맥 형태는 수술사망의 위험요소가 아니었으며 관상동맥 이식의 수기변형이 수술사망을 낮추는 데 매우 유효하였던 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.5993-5999
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• 2015

Background: Molecular testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most objective and reproducible of all cervical cancer screening tests and also less demanding in terms of training and quality assurance. However, there is an impending need for cost effective molecular HPV testing methods with sampling ease, easy storage measures and minimum turn around times suitable for a low resource setting. Objective : Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of using a fast transfer analysis (FTA) mini elute cartridge for cervical sampling to identify high risk HPV by real time PCR and to compare molecular HPV testing and Pap cytology testing to predict histologically confirmed cervical precancer (CIN 2+ lesions) in a cervical cancer prevention program. Materials and Methods: This was conducted as a pilot study (n=200) on women sampled using FTA mini elute cartridges, genotyped by two different real time PCR assays, detecting 13 high risk HPV (HR HPV) species, including HPV16 along with its physical DNA status. Results obtained from each of the tests were compared and analysed using suitable statistical tests. Results: With FTA mini elute cartridge samples HR HPV positivity was seen in 48/200 (24%). Of these, presence of HPV 16 DNA was observed in 28/48 (58.3%) women. High risk HPV was positive in 20% (37/185) of women with benign cytology and 73.3% (11/15) of women with abnormal cytology findings. A very significant correlation (${\chi}^2=22.090$ ; p=0.000) was observed between cytology and HR HPV findings showing an increasing trend of HR HPV prevalence in 50% (1/2) of LSIL, 75% (3/4) of HSIL and 100% (3/3) of SCC. Of the CIN 2+ lesions identified by histopathology, 88.9% (8/9) had HR HPV. A significant association (${\chi}^2=11.223$ ; p=0.001) of HR HPV and histopathologically confirmed CIN 2+ lesions was found. Sensitivity of the two tests were comparable but specificity of Pap testing was better (90.7% vs 70.4%) to predict histopathologically diagnosed cervical precancers. Conclusions: The current study explored the feasibility of using a FTA mini elute cartridge for cervical sampling for the first time in India as a part of a community based cervical cancer prevention program. We suggest that FTA based sampling is suitable and feasible for real time based HPV testing. Molecular HR HPV testing can be more sensitive and useful to identify high risk women requiring Pap testing which is more specific to detect histologically confirmed cervical precancer.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1994년도 교수 연수회(환경)
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• pp.417-425
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• 1994

Although animal studies have been used most often for quantitative risk assessment, it is generally recognized that well-conducted epidemiologic studies would provide the best basis for estimating human risk. However, there are several features related to the design and analysis of epidemiologic studies that frequently limit their usefulness for quantitating risks. The lack of accurate information on exposure in epidemiologic studies is perhaps the most frequently cited limitation of these studies for risk assessment. However. other features of epidemiologic study design, such as statistical power, length of follow-up, confounding, and effect modification, may also limit the inferences that can be drawn from these studies. Furthermore, even when the aforementioned limitations are overcome, substantial uncertainty exists concerning the choice of an appropriate statistical (or biologic) model for extrapolation beyond the range of exposures observed in a particular study. This paper focuses on presenting a review and discussion of the methodologic issues involved in using epidemiologic studies for risk assessment. This review concentrates on the use of retrospective, cohort, mortality studies of occupational groups for assessing cancer risk because this is the most common application of epidemiologic data for quantitative risk assessment (QRA). Epidemiologic data should not be viewed as a panacea for the problems inherent in using animal bioassay data for QRA. Rather, information that can be derived from epidemiologic and toxicologic studies complement one another, and both data sources need to be used to provide the best characterization of human risk.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.272-281
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• 2022

Background: The constant consumption of chemical products owing to expanding industrialization has led to an increase in public interest in chemical substances. As the production and disposal processes for these chemical products cause environmental problems, regional information on the hazard level of chemical substances is required considering their effects on humans and in order to ensure environmental safety. Objectives: This study aimed to identify hazard contribution and spatiotemporal characteristics by region and chemical by calculating a hazard-based result score using pollutant release and transfer register (PRTR) data. Methods: This study calculated the chemical discharge and hazard-based result score from the Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) model, analyzed their spatiotemporal patterns, and identified hotspot areas where chemical discharges and high hazard-based scores were concentrated. The amount of chemical discharge and hazard-based risk scores for 250 cities and counties across South Korea were calculated using PRTR data from 2011 to 2018. Results: The chemical discharge (high densities in Incheon, Daegu, and Busan) and hazard-based result scores (high densities in Incheon, Chungcheongnam-do, and some areas of Gyeongsangnam-do Province) showed varying spatial patterns. The chemical discharge (A, B) and hazard-based result score (C, D) hotspots were identified. Additionally, identification of the hazard-based result scores revealed differences in the type of chemicals contributing to the discharge. Ethylbenzene accounted for ≥80% of the discharged chemicals in the discharge hotspots, while chromium accounted for >90% of the discharged chemicals in the hazard-based result score hotspots. Conclusions: The RSEI hazard-based result score is a quantitative indicator that considers the degree of impact on human health as a toxicity-weighted value. It can be used for the management of industries discharging chemical substances as well as local environmental health management.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.155-170
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• 2023

Purpose: Nowadays, the risk assessment system is widely used in many industrial and public areas to reduce the possible risks. The system is used to determine the priorities of the government quality assurance works in Defense Agency for Technology and Quality. However, as the risk assessment system is used for other purposes, there are some items that need improvement, and in this study, we propose improvement plans by benchmarking the risk assessment systems of other institutions. Methods: In this paper, first, the procedures of risk assessment system used in many industrial sites were reviewed, and how each institution specialized and applied the system. Afterwards, by benchmarking various risk assessment systems, an improvement plan on how to operate the risk assessment system in the case of government quality assurance for centrally procured military supplies was presented, and practical application cases were presented to prove the usefulness of the improvement plan. Results: The proposed risk assessment system differs from the existing system in five major aspects. First, inputs, outputs, and key performance indicators were specified from the systematic point of view. Second, risk analysis was analyzed in four dimensions: probability of occurrence, impact, detection difficulty. Third, risk mitigation measures were classified, control, transfer, and sharing. Fourth, the risk mitigation measures were realized through document verification, product verification, process verification, and quality system evaluation. Finally, risk mitigation measures were implemented and the effectiveness of the risk mitigation measures was evaluated through effectiveness evaluation. Conclusions: In order for the risk assessment procedure proposed in this study to be applied to actual work, it is necessary to obtain the consent of the person involved in the work due to the increased time for risk identification and preparation of the government quality assurance log, and a change in the information system that performs the actual work is required. Therefore, the authors of this study plan to actively perform internal seminar presentations and work improvement suggestions to apply these research outputs to actual work.