• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.11-18
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• 2020

This paper analyzes factors affecting enterprise's financial risk listed on the Vietnam stock market. The panel data of research sample includes 524 non-financial listed enterprises on the Vietnam stock market for a period of eleven years, from 2009 to 2019. The Generalized Least Square (GLS) is employed to address econometric issues and to improve the accuracy of the regression coefficients. In this research, financial risk is measured by the Alexander Bathory model. Debt structure, Solvency, Profitability, Operational ability, Capital structure are independent variables in the study. Firm Size, firm age, growth rate are control variables. The model results show that in order to prevent and limit financial risk for enterprises listed on the Vietnam Stock Market, attention should be paid to variables reflecting Liability structure ratio, Quick Ratio, Return on Assets, Total asset turnover, Accounts receivable turnover, Net assets ratio and Fixed assets ratio. The empirical results show that there are differences in the impact of these factors on the financial risk in state-owned enterprises and non-state enterprises listed on the Vietnam stock market. The findings of this article are useful for business administrators, helping business managers make the right financial decisions to improve the efficiency of financial risk management in enterprises.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to investigate the relations and odds ratio between hs-CRP and the risk factors of metabolic syndrome according to glucose intolerance and diabetes among the residents of a rural community. Methods: The subjects include 1,968 adults aged from 40 to 70 who were divided into four groups and a diabetes group according to glucose intolerance to compare the relations and risk ratio between hs-CRP and the risk factors of metabolic syndrome. Results: The results reveal that the greater the subjects' glucose intolerance was, the higher their hs-CRP became and the more risk factors of metabolic syndrome they had. The impaired glucose tolerance group showed 1.7 times higher blood pressure than the control group. The diabetes group showed a high odds ratio with 2.3 times higher blood pressure, 2.2 times higher abdominal obesity, and 2.4 times higherW/Ht than the control group. And the odds ratio increased significantly by 1.7 times in the hs-CRP intermediate risk group and 2.5 times in the high risk group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Considering the study results, it is very important to monitor abdominal obesity, blood pressure and the intermediate and high risk group of hs-CRP in order to reduce the contraction of cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.447-454
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• 2006

Objectives : To determine obesity for the screening of individuals at high risk of coronary heart disease in urban areas. Methods : Data were obtained from 4,137 adults between 19 and 85 years of age (2,372 males, 1,765 females), not recognized as taking medicines for cardiovascular diseases, who underwent a health check-up at the health promotion center of university hospitals in cities between Jan. 2003 and Dec. 2004. The variables studied were divided into two broad categories, and their relationships examined. obesity indices and risk factors for coronary heart disease. To reveal the relation between each of the obesity indices and the proportion of individuals at risk of coronary heart disease, the obesity indices were stratified and odds ratios obtained after age adjustment. Results : From a gender comparison of anthropometric measures, men were found to have significantly greater heights, weights, and waist and hip circumferences than women. From a gender comparison by the obesity indices, women were found to have significantly higher BMI, %Fat, waist to hip and waist to stature ratios than men. As obesity indices, the waist to stature ratio and the waist circumference were strongly correlated with coronary risk factors, both in men and women. The age-adjusted odds ratio of coronary risk factors increased significantly with increasing waist circumference, BMI, %fat, waist to hip and waist to stature ratios, and were highest specifically for the waist to stature ratio and the waist circumference. Conclusions : The study results showed that the waist to stature ratio and the waist circumference, as obesity indices, were most closely correlated with coronary risk factors. It is suggested that the waist to stature ratio and, specifically, the waist circumference can be effectively used in the field of health management for screening those with high levels of coronary risk factors.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.140-152
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• 2009

Recently the occurrence ratio of mechanical accidents in industrial disaster of korea is increased, but very little accident information has been given regarding the prevention of mechanical accidents. In this study, mechanical accidents by the analysis of industrial accident case was examined. And it was proposed the risk assessment method and building database for investigation of risk factors in mechanical accident. As a result, from mechanical accidents database, it was found that the occurrence ratio of mechanical accident by constriction and falling etc. is very high and death ratio by mechanical accident is larger than that of usual accident. And we applied the quantitative risk assessment method proposed by this study in the mechanical accident analysis of a domestic manufacturer. From the results, the risk factors due to constriction, curling, falling and scattering are principal causes of mechanical accidents. These result is similar to that of the analysis of mechanical accidents for recent 12 years in korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.225-233
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• 2016

This study examined how the level of competition in the banking industry affects the risk-seeking tendency of individual banks. In earlier studies, the NPL ratio was used as an indicator of the risk-seeking tendency, but this ratio has limits because it is an ex post indicator of the risk. Therefore, the asset risk was chosen as a new indicator of the risk-seeking tendency, which is an ex ante measure of the risk, and the data were analyzed. The results suggested that there is a negative correlation between the level of competition of the banking industry and the risk-seeking tendency. Interestingly, opposite results were obtained when the NPL ratio was applied as an indicator of risk-seeking tendency. Therefore, the correlation between the level of competition in the banking industry and the risk-seeking tendency depends on the indicator of the risk-seeking tendency. This means choosing the appropriate indicator is the key component leading to precise results. The asset risk is more consistent with the concept of risk-seeking tendency than the NPL ratio, and it is a more appropriate indicator considering that the asset risk is a relatively less affected indicator other than risk-seeking tendencies.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.195-201
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• 2021

This study aims to assess the impact of ownership structure of commercial banks on bank credit risk in Vietnam. The authors used the unbalanced table data of 28 commercial banks in the period from 2004 to 2020 with 439 observations. The ratio of loan loss provisioning to loans (CR) is selected as a dependent variable representing credit risk at commercial banks. The regression methods used include: least squares method (OLS), fixed-effect model (FEM), random-effect model (REM) and general least squares method (GLS). The results reveal that, with interaction variable between the ratio of equity to total assets and foreign ownership, the national GDP annual growth rate is negatively associated with credit risk. With the ratio of equity to total assets, the interaction variable between equity and state ownership, and bank size have a significant positive impact on credit risk. In addition, inflation has negligible impact on the credit risk of commercial banks in Vietnam over the research period. The findings of this study suggest that, if foreign-owned banks increase equity capital, there will be a stronger impact on reducing credit risk than other banks. On the other hand, when state-owned commercial banks in Vietnam increase equity, they will have higher credit risk.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.163-170
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• 2006

The argument concerning the choice of effect measure for epidemiologic data or clinic data has been renewed. But the relationships among effect measures can be confusing if effect measures are expressed by conventional mathematical functions alone. In this article, risk difference(RD), relative risk(RR), and odds ratios(OR) for binary data are presented by radar diagram instead of mathematical functions and the relationships among them are showed using radar diagram. This radar diagram is offered flexible conceptual tool to understand effect measures, DR, RR, and OR for binary data.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.873-880
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of internal control on credit risk of joint stock commercial banks in Vietnam from 2007 to 2018. Furthermore, we specify bank-specific characteristics and macroeconomic conditions, and analyze how these factors affect credit risk of banks: the number of board members, the number of board members with banking or finance background as ratio of total board members, loans to total assets ratio, loans to deposit ratio, the number of days between the year-end and the publication of the financial statements, and the use of top four auditing firms proxy for five elements of internal control. By using the dataset of 30 Vietnamese joint stock commercial banks and Bayesian linear regression via Random-walk Metropolis Hastings algorithm, the results of this study show that five elements of internal control have a impact on bank credit risk, namely, control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring activities. For factors of banks' characteristics, bank size and financial leverage have a negative impact on banks' credit risk, and bank age has a positive effect. For macroeconomic factors, inflation has a positive impact and economic growth has a negative impact on banks' credit risk.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.435-446
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• 2012

Epidemiologic studies frequently try to estimate the impact of a specific risk factor. The risk difference and the risk ratio are generally useful measurements for this purpose. When using such measurements for rare events, the standard approaches based on the normal approximation may fail, in particular when no events are observed. In this paper, we discuss and evaluate several existing methods to construct confidence intervals around risk differences and risk ratios using Monte-Carlo simulations when the disease of interest is rare. The results in this paper provide guidance how to construct interval estimates of the risk differences and the risk ratios when no events are detected.

• Proceedings of the Korean Statistical Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.319-324
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 matched-pair design에서의 두 처리간 동등성/ 비열등성 검정에 대해 고려하였다. 기존에 비율차이나 risk ratio관점에서 동등성/비열등성 검정을 시행한 것과는 달리, 본 논문에서는 odds ratio에 기초하여 두 가지 검정통계량을 유도하였다. (1) constrained maximum likelihood estimator(mle)를 이용한 fieller type 통계량 (2) 제약없이 구한 mle를 사용한 wald-type 통계량). 비율 차이나 risk ratio에 기초한 기존의 통계적 방법들(비율차이에 근거한 (3) score-type 통계량과 (4) wald-type 통계량, risk ratio에 기초한 (5) fieller-type 통계량과 (6) wald-type 통계량)과 본 논문에서 제시한 두가지 통계량의 성능을 비교하기 위해 모의실험을 시행하였다. 모의실험 결과, 본 논문에서 제안한 constrained mle를 사용한 fieller type 통계량은 empirical type I error 측면에서 매우 만족스러운 결과를 보이고 있으며, 특히 비대각 셀의 확률이 작아질 경우에도 안정적인 성능을 보여준다.