• Title/Summary/Keyword: Risk preference

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Development of an Inundation Risk Evaluation Method Based on a Multi Criteria Decision Making (다기준 의사결정기법을 기반으로 하는 침수위험 평가기법의 개발)

  • Park, Moo-Jong;Choi, Sung-Wook
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.365-377
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    • 2008
  • In this study, PROMETHEE(Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluations) which is one of the multi criteria decision making methods is applied to estimate the relative inundation risk of the urban subcatchment. For this purpose, several factors which have an effect on the inundation risk are selected and used to perform PROMETHEE. Those are elevation average, slope average, density of conduit, population and sediment yields per unit area of each subcatchment. Based on them, PROMETHEE is performed and the relative inundation risk for each subcatchment is estimated. For the validation of the suggested method, the results from the suggested method are compared with the historical inundation records occured on 1998 and the relative inundation risk estimated by the method considering sediment yields per unit area only. From the comparison, it is found that the suggested method may generate better results to estimate the relative inundation risk of each subcatchment than the method considering sediment yields per unit area only. Also, it can be applied to establish a rehabilitation order of subcatchments for mitigating the inundation risk.

Changes of Plasma Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors according to the Health Practice and Dietary Habits in Healthy Male University Studnets

  • Kyeong Sook Yim
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.3 no.5
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    • pp.685-694
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    • 1998
  • This cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the changes of plasma cardiovascular disease(CVD) risk factors in Korea. Overnight fasting plasma levels of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and glucose were analyzed. Blood pressure and anthropometric data were also measured. Health practice factors such as smoking status, alcohol consumption and frequency fo exercise were evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire. Questions regarding dietary habits and food preferences were also asked. Seventy eight percent of the subjects had more than one CVD risk factor. Plasma total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and fasting blood glucose were significantly increased according to the subjects body mass index$(kg/m^2$, BMI), whereas HDL-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol and blood pressure showed no significant differences with BMI. Current smokers had significantly high plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels. Alcohol consumption significantly increased plasma total cholesterol and fasting blood sugar, but regular exercise had no effects on the plasma CVD risk factors. Overeating and frequency of fast food consumption were positively correlated with the CVD risk score, whereas intake of grains, meats and vegetables were negatively correlated with that score. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of specific dietary factors on plasma lipid levels. For plasma total cholesterol level, the frequency of fast food intake explained 8% of the variance, followed by habitual overeating, frequency of grain intake and high cholesterol food intake(Model $R^2$=22.4%). For plasma triacylglycerol level, preference of oily foods accounted for 7.5% of the variance, followed by eating breakfast, preference of fruit and frequency of grain intake(Model $R^2$=22.0%). The findings suggest that intervention programs to reduce the risk of CVD should focus on health practice through reducing BMI, smoking cessation and moderate or no alcohol drinking. Moreover, desirable dietary habits such as eating breakfast, not overeating and reduced intake of fast food may improve CVD risk.

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Extraction and Analysis of Construction Phase Risk Factors in High-rise Construction Project (초고층 건설공사 시공단계 리스크 요인 도출 및 분석)

  • Kim, Sooyong;Kim, Sunghyun;Yang, Jinkook
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.90-98
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    • 2016
  • High-rise buildings construction project have various risk factors. Major risk factors are negative results such as time delay and increase of costs. Therefore, this study was analyzed risk factors in construction stages of high-rise buildings using by PROMETHEE technique. For this, this research were identified risk factors through experts Focus Group Interview(FGI). And, PROMETHEE was used to setup evaluation standard for analysis of high-rise building construction risks. Next, the standard of evaluation index calculation was composed by using the definition level in PDRI. Preference function and evaluation index were identified through questionnaires. Through these processes, this study has calculated the importance of high-rise building construction risks using by PROMETHEE technique. As a result, high degree risk factors were as following. These are 'Operation plan of material lifting', 'Outrigger & Belt Truss Construction', 'Foundation work plan of high-rise building' and 'Considering a Structure concept of high-rise building'.

Sodium Intake, Salt Taste and Gastric Cancer Risk According to Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Smoking, Histological Type and Tumor Site in China

  • Zhong, Chen;Li, Kai-Nan;Bi, Jing-Wang;Wang, Bao-Cheng
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.13 no.6
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    • pp.2481-2484
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    • 2012
  • Aim: The risk factors mostly strongly associated with gastric cancer are gastric bacteria Helicobacter pylori and diet. Using a case-control study among residents in Jinan, we examined the association between the salt taste and gastric cancer according to H. pylori infection, smoking and histological type as well as tumor site. Methods: This population-based case-control study included 207 cases and 410 controls. Data on potential risk factors of gastric cancer were obtained by interview of cases and controls with a questionnaire, salt taste preference was measured for all subjects, and IgG antibodies to H. pylori were applied to assess infection. Risk measures were determined using unconditional logistic regression. Results: The proportions of salt taste at intervals of 1.8-7.2 g/L and ${\geq}7.2$ g/L were significantly higher in cases than controls, with ORs of 1.56 (1.23-3.64) and 2.03 (2.12-4.11), respectively, subjects with high salt intake having an elevated risk for gastric cancer when infected with H. pylori. Significant modification by smoking and tumor site was observed across the different measures of salt intake, the highest salt taste showed higher cancer risk in ever smokers or with non-cardia cancers. Conclusion: Our study supports the view that high intake of sodium is an important dietary risk factor for gastric cancer, with a synergistic effect found between salt and H.pylori and smoking, dependent on the tumor site.

Habitat Preference and Nest Predation Risk in the Blackbird (Turdus merula)

  • Kim, Mi-Ran
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.41-45
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    • 2009
  • For last 150 years, blackbirds have moved from their ancestral habitat, the woodland edge, to man-made habitats such as farmland, parks and gardens. These alternative habitats have become one of main blackbird habitats. I compared density of nests and blackbirds in parks, woodland and campus of University of East Anglia to investigate habitat preference. Blackbirds preferred the area covered by $10\sim50%$ of tree or bush patches for their foraging and nesting sites. Blackbirds were more frequently found near buildings rather than far from buildings. Nest characteristics did not affect predation rate and nest preference. This study suggests that man-made habitats may be important for avoiding predation.

Multi-Criteria Decision Making Procedure under Incompletely Identified Preference Information

  • Ahn, Byeong-Seok;Kim, Jae-Kyeong;Kim, Soung-Hie
    • Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.63-73
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    • 1998
  • The paper deals with interactive multiple criteria decision making procedure when decision maker (DM) specifies her or his preference in incomplete ways. Usually DM is willing or able to provide only incomplete information, because of time pressure and lack of knowledge or data. Under incomplete information on utility and attribute weight, the pairwise dominance checks result in strict or weak dominance values. Considering only strict dominance values sometimes fails to Prioritize alternatives because of fuzziness of preference information. Further there exists some information loss useful if used, otherwise. In this paper, we consider the outranking concept which implies the willingness of DM's taking some risk under the least favorable situation because she has enough reasons to admit the results. By comparing the magnitude of net preference degree of alternatives which is defined by difference between outrankings and outranked degree of each alternative, we can prioritize alternatives.

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Determination of Multiplicative Utility Function Based on the Pair-wise Comparisons (쌍대비교에 기반한 승법적 효용함수의 결정)

  • Kim, Kyung-Mo
    • Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.64-72
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    • 2005
  • The ever increasing demand for enhanced competitiveness of engineered products requires "designing-in-quality" strategies that can effectively and efficiently incorporate concepts of uncertainty and quality into design. Multi-attribute utility function is commonly used to represent the decision-maker's preference on multiple design attributes under conditions of uncertainty and risk. One of the major issues in implementing this approach concerns the generation of appropriate utility function, especially in a complex engineering design environment. Typically, the decision maker's preference is revealed through lottery questions rather than being structured on the deductive reasoning to reflect the nonlinear tradeoffs among the attributes. The use of such intuitive procedures can lead to inexact preference information that may result in inaccuracy and rank reversal problems. This paper presents an alternative procedure based on the pair-wise comparisons between design alternatives towards a consistent preference presentation in assessing multiplicative utility function. The effectiveness of the overall procedures is tested with the aid of an injection-molding process design for a capacitor can and the results are discussed.

The internet and TV home-shopping perceived risk segments: Shopping orientations, purchase intention, and purchase behavior (인터넷쇼핑 및 TV홈쇼핑 위험지각에 따른 의복쇼핑성향, 구매의도, 구매행동)

  • Hwang JinSook;Joung Joung Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.29 no.5 s.142
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    • pp.637-648
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences among internet and TV home-shopping perceived risk segments in regard to clothing shopping orientations and purchase intention. The subjects used for the study were 290 female consumers aged from 20 to 40 living in Seoul. The study used factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, and $\chi^2-test$. The results showed that the Internet and TV home-shopping perceived risks consisted of 9 factors: Products uncertainty risk, Internet shopping mall trust risk, account-related risk, delivery risk, social risk, size risk, exchange/return risk, TV watching-related risk, and price risk. The cluster analysis showed that there were five groups segmented: Size risk/TV watching risk group, Social risk/Internet trust risk group, Return risk/TV watching low-risk group, Delivery risk/product trust group, and Product risk group. The clothing shopping orientations were classified by 5 factors: Planned shopping, pleasure shopping, sales/fashion oriented shopping, time saving shopping, and credit card preference/in-store oriented shopping. The results showed that the five segmented perceived risk groups differed in regard to clothing shopping orientations, purchase intention, and demographics. Further group differences and implications of the results were discussed.

Effect of Cooking Methods and Lifestyle on Elementary School Children′s Preference for Vegetables Provided in School Lunches

  • Lee, Hong-mie
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.207-214
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    • 2002
  • Food preference of children may be determined by various lifestyle and environmental factors. This study evaluated the effect of rural or urban inhabitance, cooking methods, and frequency of exposure to vegetable dishes on the acceptance of vegetables by 452 fifth grade children. The subjects were students utilizing meal service in public elementary schools in Boryeoung-city, Chungcheong-nam-do (urban); Cheolwon-gun, Gangwondo (rural); or Pocheon-gun, Kyeonggi-do (suburban). A survey was used to determine the preference of students for 59 foods containing vegetables as a primary ingredient, and categorized by fat content (high, low, or intermediate). Children with working mothers and those living in urban areas tended to have less preference for vegetables than their counterparts in rural areas or with mothers who remained at home. Preference for vegetable foods was correlated with the frequency that vegetable foods were prepared by mothers. Vegetable dishes with a high fat content were preferred over those with low or intermediate fat content, except far soup. This study suggests that children who live in urban areas and whose mothers work outside of the home may be predisposed to nutritional deficiencies due to poor acceptance of vegetable foods, and that all children may be at risk for over-consumption of dietary fat, due to a preference for high fat foods.

Effects on Aesthetic Response of Typicality According to Product Orientation and Price Levels (제품별 지향성과 가격수준에 따른 전형성이 심미적 반응에 미치는 효과에 관한 연구)

  • 이진렬;김진아;홍정표
    • Archives of design research
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.103-110
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study is to test the typicality effects to aesthetic response according to product orientation (design-oriented vs function- oriented) and perceived purchase risk. This study overcame the limitations of existing researches which haven't had the consensus about the relationship between typicality and preference and consequently suggested the typicality effect to aesthetic response by analyzing this relationship with product orientation and perceived purchase risk. The results of this study showed the inverted U-shaped relationship in design-oriented products and no relationship in function-oriented products between typicality and preference.

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