• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.1584-1594
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• 2008

This study was to research the characteristics of the body shape of Korean woman farmers by the major crops. Four hundred ninety-five Korean woman farmers from 9 different area such as Kumi, Damyang, Iksan, Injae, Chungju, Choongju, Haman, Whasung, and Whasoon volunteered for this study. Their major crops were the rice, the pepper, the water melon, the strawberry, the wild rocambole, the sweet persimmon, the grapes, the mushroom, and the chrysanthemums. Twelve body angles were measured from archived the somatotype photographs of the front, the side, and the back. Questionnaires of SF-36 and the farmer's symptom, and the farm-work related movements were surveyed. The results were as follows; 1. Farmers had lower health levels in physical role limit, pain, vitality, and physical function than other occupational workers. 2. Most farmers acted the high-risk ergonomics motions when they worked in the farm. 3. There were significantly different on the both shoulder angles, the hip tangential line slope, the hip breadth angel, in frontal ankle-knee angle, the bending back angle, the dropping breast slope, the abdominis media angle, under the abdominis media angle, the glutea angle, under the glutea angle, and the sideward knee angle(p<.05). 4. Farmers cultivating the low plants such as the water melon, the strawberry, and the wild rocambole showed more banded vertebralis and side knee angles. Farmers cultivating the red pepper showed the dropping the left shoulder and O shape legs. Farmers cultivating the fruit trees such as the sweet persimmon and the grapes showed the less banded side knee angles than other farmer groups. 5. On comparing the same age, farmers showed the older's body shape in earlier and much more than the old living in the city.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2013

Objectives: In most retrospective studies, the clinical performance of restorations had not been considered in survival analysis. This study investigated the effect of including the clinically unacceptable cases according to modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria into the failed data on the survival analysis of direct restorations as to the longevity and prognostic variables. Materials and Methods: Nine hundred and sixty-seven direct restorations were evaluated. The data of 204 retreated restorations were collected from the records, and clinical performance of 763 restorations in function was evaluated according to modified USPHS criteria by two observers. The longevity and prognostic variables of the restorations were compared with a factor of involving clinically unacceptable cases into the failures using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard model. Results: The median survival times of amalgam, composite resin and glass ionomer were 11.8, 11.0 and 6.8 years, respectively. Glass ionomer showed significantly lower longevity than composite resin and amalgam. When clinically unacceptable restorations were included into the failure, the median survival times of them decreased to 8.9, 9.7 and 6.4 years, respectively. Conclusions: After considering the clinical performance, composite resin was the only material that showed a difference in the longevity (p < 0.05) and the significantly higher relative risk of student group than professor group disappeared in operator groups. Even in the design of retrospective study, clinical evaluation needs to be included.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.4033-4037
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• 2014

Emerging evidence has shown associations of microRNA-205 (miR-205) with crucial cell processes such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and aberrant expression with tumorigenesis in many types of human malignancy. This prospective study characterized the contribution of miR-205 to the colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis. The real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine miR-205 levels prospectively in 36 pairs of samples of CRC tissue and adjacent noncancerous tissue (>2 cm from cancer tissue). In addition, the relationship between miR-205 levels and clinicopathological features was explored. The capability of miR-205 to function as a tumor marker was also examined. miR-205 expression levels did not show significant changes overall. However, miR-205 was significantly downregulated in a group of CRC samples compared with matched noncancerous tissue samples. Moreover, decreased miR-205 correlated significantly with lymphatic metastasis. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve also showed an optimum cut off point of $1.4{\times}10^{-3}$ to distinguish lymphatic metastatic CRCs from non-metastatic CRCs. Interestingly we found lymphatic metastasis in almost 80% of the depressed samples. This study suggested that miR-205 could be reduced in the majority of metastatic CRCs and the risk of CRC metastasis may be predicted by monitoring miR-205 in patient samples collected at the time of the initial diagnosis. Therefore, targeting miR-205 and its potential environmental activators might be a promising therapeutic option to prevent malignant progression toward metastasis.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.293-300
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• 2016

DRM software should conform completeness, correctness and appropriateness for the related function to protect digital right properly. Therefore, the systematization of functionality evaluation method based on the related standard is essentially required. In this paper, based on the software quality standard, I intended to construct a model to measure the quality about functionality including suitability, accuracy and interoperability of DRM software. To this, we developed functional suitability evaluation model by analyzing infra-technology of DRM software and quality requirements about functional suitability. I think that through this study, functionality criteria to enhance the quality level of DRM software. Through the accumulation of future evaluation practices, it is necessary to improve the suitability and validity of the DRM software functional suitability evaluation model.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.53-65
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• 2012

Purpose: With the increasing national interest in health, the number of health examination centers is growing rapidly, and it is growing as independent medical institutes separated from hospitals. With the growing functions and size of health examination institutes, considerations for testees, who are the most important users of the health examination centers, have taken the back seat. In particular, for health examination programs that take on a sequential traffic line, it is important to be aware of the space of each examination room, but the lack of a scientific evaluation method for this has resulted in great discomforts for testees using the health examination center. Method: Thus, this study proposes risk evaluation indices (RCF TCF, RC3, RR, ARR), and set a standard health examination program based on the national health examination program. This was applied to 11 different sized health examination centers to find their features, and together with identifying the trends of the indices, the following results were deduced. Result: 1) ARR showed a wide-range feature as the number of unit spaces increased, while RR were discovered regardless of the size, thus displaying local features. 2) The increase of ARR is affected more by internal factors in the health examination center than from outside factors. 3) By gender, when separating the basic health examination fields, the connective relation of the comprehensive health examination fields had a big effect on ARR. 4) By becoming larger, the fields of function become independent and the waiting space that results from it increases the number of total movement, so there is space for improvement in this.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 2020

Purpose: Online and social media and mobile shopping are increasing and companies are required to provide personal information in order to supplement the non-invasive characteristics of the channels. With the increased provision of personal information, consumers' personal and social concerns about the prevention of personal information infringement are also increasing, and in response, personal or opt-in marketing has emerged to compensate for reckless information abuse. Despite the background of this emergence, the existing prior studies are limited to ignoring the negative feelings of consumers in the real world, including only the net function and positive effect of the opt-in mail. Research design, data and methodology: The research framework was intended to utilize the impact of human marketing activities on consumer attitudes combined with positive and negative factors. Factors that positively affect attitudes toward permation marketing were presented, such as informality, and perceived risks were presented as negative impact factors. Also, based on previous prior research, the prior factors of opt-in marketing were to present the effect on purchase intent through the medium of attitude toward opt-in marketing. Results: In this study, we used the framework of a two factor theory to address positive and negative factors as a leading factor in the customer attitude toward opt-in mail advertising, and as a result, functionality and personalization have a positive effect on customer attitude and perceived risk have a negative impact on customer attitude. In addition, it was confirmed that the customer attitude formed this way affects the intention to purchase again. Conclusions: This study suggests that we have demonstrated that marketing, an opt-in marketing that has been recognized as part of marketing that is deployed after obtaining customer consent, has been applied without any other marketing methodology. E-mail advertising at this point also provides practical implications that the system safeguards are in place under an opt-in protocol or system, and that even if an e-mail advertisement is carried out, customers will need to look at the level of awareness about the risks, and suggests that they need to consider the customer's journey that could lead to purchase at the content level.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.81-90
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• 2005

Based on the landslide hazard scoring system of Korea Forest Research Institute, a GIS model for predicting landslide hazards was developed. The risk of landslide hazards was analyzed as the function of 7 environmental site factors for the terrain, vegetation, and geological characteristics of the corresponding forest stand sites. Among the environmental factors, slope distance, relative height and shapes of slopes were interpreted using the forestland slope interpretation module developed by Chung et al. (2002). The program consists of three modules for managing spatial data, analyzing landslide hazard and report-writing, A performance test of the model showed that 72% of the total landslides in Youngin-Ansung landslides area took place in the highly vulnerable zones of grade 1 or 2 of the landslide hazard scoring map.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.537-549
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• 2001

The effect of partially restrained(PR) connections and the uncertainties in them on the reliability of steel frames subjected to seismic loading is addressed. A stochastic finite element method(SFEM) is proposed combining the concepts of the response surface method(RSM), the finite element method(FEM), the first-order reliability method (FORM), and the iterative linear interpolation scheme. The behavior of PR connections is captured using moment-relative rotation curves, and is represented by the four-parameter Richard model. For seismic excitation, the loading, unloading, and reloading behavior at PR connections is modeled using moment-relative rotation curves and the Masing rule. The seismic loading is applied in the time domain for realistic representation. The reliability of steel frames in the presence of PR connections is calculated considering all major sources of nonlinearity. The algorithm is clarified with the help of an example.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 1988

A practical model for predicting the risk of fatigue failure of steel highway bridges is developed in this study. The proposed model is derived from fatigue reliability methods by incorporating various factors which may affect the fatigue life of bridges. The fatigue reliability function is assumed to follow the Weibull distribution. The computational form of the Weibull is adopted from Ang-Munse's approach that includes all the statistical uncertainties of the fatigue life of steel members and the stress ranges under variable amplitude loadings. The model accounts for the variation in ADTT, the change in stress history and the effects of inspections, which may occur during the serivce life of bridges. Stress range histograms are collected from the random stress spectra based on the field measurements of an existing bridge, and, thus, the resulting stress range frequency distribution is modelled with a beta distribution. The results of applications of the proposed fatigue analysis methods to an existing bridge show that the proposed models with the computer program developed for numerical computations can be used as a practical tool for the fatigue rating or for the predictions of the remaining fatigue life of deteriorated existing steel bridges.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.419-429
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• 2015

We investigate how the regional prevalence of hyperlipidemia is affected by health-related and socioeconomic factors with a special emphasis on geographic variations. We focus on the likelihood of hyperlipidemia as function of various region-specific attributes. We analysis a data set at the level of 249 small administrative districts collected from 2012 Korean Community Health Survey by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. To estimate, we use several methods including correlation analysis, multiple regression and decision tree model. We find that the average prevalence of hyperlipidemia in 249 small districts is 9.6% and its coefficient of variation is 28.3%. Prevalence of hyperlipidemia in continental and capital regions is higher than in southeast coastal regions. Further findings using decision tree model suggest that variations of hyperlipidemia prevalence between regions is more likely to be associated with rate of employee, level of stress, prevalence of hypertension, angina pectoris, and osteoarthritis in their regions.