• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.150-158
• /
• 2019

Soil contaminated with heavy metals from artisanal gold mining in Anka Local Government Area in Northwestern Nigeria was investigated to evaluate the human health risk as a result of heavy metals. Measured concentration of heavy metals and exposure parameters were used to estimate human carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. GIS-based Kriging method was utilized to create a prediction maps of human health risks and probability maps of heavy metals concentrations exceeding their threshold limits. Hazard index calculation showed that 21 out of 23 locations are posing non-cancer risk for children. Adults and children are at high cancer risk in all locations as the total cancer risk exceeded $1{\times}10^{-6}$ (the lower limit CTR value). Kriging model showed that only a very small area in Anka has a hazard index of less than unity and cumulative target risk of less than $1{\times}10^{-4}$, indicating a significant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for children. The probability of heavy metals to exceed their threshold concentrations around the study area was also found to be high.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 보강토 옹벽 점검 자료를 바탕으로 보강토 옹벽의 상태평가항목의 가중치를 새롭게 제안하고 결함점수 및 결함지수를 제안하였다. 161개소의 보강토 옹벽의 점검결과를 근거로 다중회귀분석과 엔트로피 기법을 이용하여 상태평가항목별 가중치를 산정하였으며, 또한 전문가를 대상으로 AHP 기법을 활용하여 평가항목별 가중치를 산정하였다. 각 기법에서 도출된 가중치를 활용하여 혼한 가중치를 제안하였으며, 제안 가중치를 토대로 결함점수 및 결함지수를 제안하여 기존 161개소 현장에 적용하여 현재의 가중치와 제안 가중치에 의한 현장별 위험도 순위를 비교 분석하였다. 다중회귀분석, AHP 기법, 엔트로피 기법을 활용하여 분석한 결과 상태평가항목의 가중치 순위가 변동이 컸으며, 현재 상태평가항목의 가중치와 달리 가중치 순위의 중복은 발생하지 않았다. 특히, 다중회귀분석 결과에서는 특정 상태평가항목이 전체 가중치의 70% 이상을 차지하는 결과가 도출되었다. 제안한 혼합 가중치를 기존 보강토 옹벽 데이터에 적용한 결과, 상태평가항목의 가중치 중복은 발생하지 않았으며, 대상 보강토 옹벽 161 개소 중 16 개소의 위험도 순위 상승과 31 개소의 위험도 하락이 발생하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.88-95
• /
• 2009

There are many assessment techniques used for occupational risk factors of MSDs in the workplaces. However, because all ergonomic assesment techniques or tools are based on theoretical background derived from workphysiology, biomechanics, psychophysics, industrial hygiene, work system, and etc, it is impossible to compare the assessment techniques. This study was conducted to compare the excess rates of risk factors among ergonomic assessment techniques and to make alternative methods. Site-visits to 6 automobile products and parts company provided data for process repeated work where the produced data was examined for evaluating the relationship between workplace lay-out and work posture by using ergonomic assessment techniques. We evaluated 157 jobs for simple repeated work and 37 jobs for manual materials handling (MMH). In simple repeated work, the exceeded rates of AC were 36.3% in OWAS method and 93.0% in RULA method. The exceeded rate for RULA method was significantly higher than those for OWAS method (p<0.05). In MMH, the exceeded rates of AC were 80.0% in NLE method and 76.5% in WAC method. Statistically significant differences were not identified in the exceeded rates for NLE and MAC methods (p<0.05). The analyzed results among ergonomic assessment techniques (OWAS, RULA, NLE/WAC) were applied to the same work places performing simple repeated work and manual materials handling simultaneously. The applied results showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) among ergonomic assessment techniques (OWAS, RULA, NLE/WAC). Exceeded rates of four ergonomic assessment techniques in decreasing order was "RULA>NLE>WAC>OWAS". The RULA method was the strongest assessment technique for automobile products and parts company. We discovered that the results could easily be overestimated or underestimated when the ergonomic assessment techniques were not applied correctly during the evaluation process. Therefore, we recommend using at least 2 methods when evaluating and analysing the results.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to set up disaster prevention plan and risk assessment system considering combustion velocity at traditional housing zone. The combustion velocity analysis could contribute to build in disaster prevention technique through the potential risk analysis of the area, such analysis also able to set up comprehensive disaster prevention management system. Following results have achieved through the combustion velocity calculation. \circled1 The combustion velocity was calculated in order of the below winds, the above winds and the side winds. \circled2 It must be careful to set up disaster prevention plan in case of the below winds. \circled3 The combustion velocity was calculated at the density Bone where neighboring Distance and Length was small. \circled4 It proved that factors of each parameter not mostly effect to analyse the combustion velocity in limit of the 30 minutes after ignition. \circled5 At the density zone where Distance and Length is small the duration of transfer to neighboring house takes up to 4 minutes, it is required to set up of emergency response plan to minimize the fire dispersion.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.43-62
• /
• 2017

Purpose This study provided empirical support for the model that explain the formation of privacy concerns in the perspective of Information Boundary Theory. This study investigated an integrated model suggesting that privacy concerns are formed by the individual's disposition to value privacy, privacy awareness, awareness of privacy policy, and government legislation. The Information Boundary Theory suggests that the boundaries of information space dependends on the individual's personal characteristics and environmental factors of e-commerce. When receiving a request for personal information from e-commerce websites, an individual assesses the risk depending on the risk-control assessment, the perception of intrusion give rise to privacy concerns. Design/methodology/approach This study empirically tested the hypotheses with the data collected in a survey that included the items measuring the constructs in the model. The survey was aimed at university students. and a causal modeling statistical technique(PLS) is used for data analysis in this research. Findings The results of the survey indicated significant relationships among environmental factors of e-commerce websites, individual's personal privacy characteristics and privacy concerns. Both individual's awareness of institutional privacy assurance on e-commerce and the privacy characteristics affect the risk-control assessment towards information disclosure, which becomes an essential components of privacy concerns.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.153-162
• /
• 2023

Background: Job safety analysis (JSA) is a popular technique for hazard identification and risk assessment in workplaces that has been applied across a wide range of industries. This systematic review was conducted to answer four main questions regarding JSA: (1) which sectors and areas have used JSA? (2) What has been the aim of employing JSA? (3) What are the shortcomings of JSA? (4) What are the new advances in the field of JSA? Methods: Three main international databases were searched: SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed. After screening and eligibility assessment, 49 articles were included. Results: Construction industries have used JSA the most, followed by process industries and healthcare settings. Hazard identification is the main aim of JSA, but it has been used for other purposes as well. Being time-consuming, the lack of an initial list of hazards, the lack of a universal risk assessment method, ignoring hazards from the surrounding activities, ambiguities regarding the team implementing JSA, and ignorance of the hierarchy of controls were the main shortcomings of JSA based on previous studies. Conclusion: In recent years, there have been interesting advances in JSA making attempts to solve shortcomings of the technique. A seven-step JSA was recommended to cover most shortcomings reported by studies.

• 환경정책연구
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.1-29
• /
• 2008

환경부에서 추진하고 있는 "환경보건법" 이 2008년 2월 국회를 통과함에 따라 향후 법 제13조(건강영향 항목의 추가 평가 등) 제1항의 규정에 따라 사전환경성검토 또는 "환경영향평가법"에 따른 환경영향평가의 대상이 되는 행정계획 및 개발사업 중 대통령령으로 정하는 행정계획 및 개발사업에 대하여는 검토 평가 항목에 환경유해인자가 국민건강에 미치는 영향을 추가하여 평가하도록 하는 건강영향평가제도가 시행될 것으로 예상된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 주요 개발사업 중 인체 건강에 미칠 영향이 클 것으로 예상되는 매립장을 대상으로, 매립장에서 배출되는 매립가스의 호흡노출로 인한 인체위해성평가를 실시하여 향후 추진될 건강영향평가제도의 국내 적용 가능성을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 첫째, 미국 EPA의 매립장 배출가스 산출 추천모델인 LandGEM v. 3.02(Landfill Air Emissions Estimation Model v. 3.02)를 이용하여 매립장에서 배출되는 매립가스의 배출량을 산정하였고, 대기확산모델인 K-SCREEN을 수행하여 매립장 주변지역에 미치는 확산농도를 예측하였다. 마지막으로 K-SCREEN 모델을 통해 예측된 유해 오염물질의 확산농도를 토대로 발암성 물질에 대해서는 여러 노출변수들을 적용하여 인체노출량을 산출한 후 발암위해도 평가를 수행하였고 비발암성 물질에 대해서는 위해도지수를 계산하였다. 본 연구에서 수행한 매립가스의 호흡노출로 인한 인체위해성평가 기법은 향후 매립장 조성사업에 대한 건강영향평가 시행시 의사결정자들과 일반대중이 과학적 기반 위에서 합리적인 의사결정을 하는데 필요한 정보를 제공하는데 있어 적용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 또한, 본 연구에서 제시한 몇 가지 연구의 한계점들은 관련 연구자들의 체계적인 연구를 통해 극복할 필요가 있으며, 이러한 한계점들이 개선된다면 좀 더 신뢰성 있는 결과를 산출할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.704-711
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 침몰선박 위해도 평가항목 및 평가지수를 개정하고 신규항목을 도출하기 위해 전문가를 대상으로 AHP 기법의 설문을 실시하였다. 설문조사 결과, 사고원인 및 조류영향 등 두개의 신규항목을 도출하였으며 하나의 그룹으로 평가되었던 독성액체물질과 연료유적재량, 폭발성가스는 각각 평가하는 것이 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 기존 일곱 개 평가항목을 열한 개 항목으로 조정하여 평가항목별 지수를 분석한 결과, 독성액체물질, 유출가능성, 폭발성가스, 연료유적재량, 해역환경민감도, 해상교통환경, 사고원인, 조류, 여유수심, 선박종류, 선박규모 순으로 평가지수가 나타났다. 특히, 신규 도출된 평가항목 지수를 기존 위해도 평가항목과 비교해 보았을 때 해역환경민감도와 유출가능성 항목은 기존 평가지수 보다 높게 나타났고, 여유수심 항목의 평가지수는 더 낮게 나타났다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.16-26
• /
• 1997

China is one of the few countries where natural disaster strike frequently and cause heavy damage. In this paper, we mathematically develop two models to assess fuzzy risk of natural disaster in China. One is to assess the risk based on database of historical disaster effects by using information diffusion method relevant in fuzzy information analysis. In another model, we give an overview over advanced method to calculate the risk of release, exposure and consequence assessent, where information distribution technique is used to calculate basic fuzzy relationships showing historical experience of natural disasters, and fuzzy approximate inference is employed to study loss risk based on these basic relationships. We also present an examples to show how to use the first model. Result show that the model is effective for natural disaster risk assessment.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2018

The construction work to establish a safety management plan should be carried out Design for Safety(DFS) task by the designers from May 2016 according to the amendment of the Construction Technology Promotion Act. However, designers lack experience in construction work and lack of information on safety accidents, so it is not easy to predict a disaster that may occur during the construction phase. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide information about disasters that can occur in each construction work in order to enable designers to efficiently perform DFS task in the design phase. In this study, the construction work was classified by work unit and the disaster risk assessment was conducted using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis technique. The disaster information by work unit analyzed in this study can be used to provide designers with an alternative to prevent disasters at the design stage. Disaster information by work unit of apartment construction can be used by designers to prepare an alternative for disaster prevention at the design stage.