• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.229-237
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• 2010

Recently, many cases related to viral gastroenteritis outbreaks have been reported all over the world. Noroviruses are found to be leading as the major cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis. Patients with acute gastroenteritis are normally found to be positive with norovirus when the stools and vomit are analyzed. This paper reviews various activities and previous reports that describe norovirus contamination in various food matrixes and the relationship between food handlers. Lately, a numbers of norovirus outbreaks have been reported that are involved with fresh produce (such as vegetables, fruits), shellfish, and prepared food. Food produce processed by infected food handlers may therefore become easily contaminated. In addition, foods that required much handling and had been eaten without heat treatment gave the high risk for getting foodborne illnesses. The standard method for detection of norovirus has already been available for stool samples. However, only a few methods for detection of norovirus in food samples have been developed until now.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.706-709
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• 2006

Cancer is one of the major causes of death; however, the survival rate can be increased if discovered at an early stage for timely treatment. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization of 2002, breast cancer was the most prevalent cancer for all cancers occurring in women worldwide, and it account for 16.8% of entire cancers inflicting Korean women today. In order to classify the type of breast cancer whether it is benign or malignant, this study was conducted with the use of the discriminant analysis and the decision tree of data mining with the breast cancer data disclosed on the web. The discriminant analysis is a statistical method to seek certain discriminant criteria and discriminant function to separate the population groups on the basis of observation values obtained from two or more population groups, and use the values obtained to allow the existing observation value to the population group thereto. The decision tree analyzes the record of data collected in the part to show it with the pattern existing in between them, namely, the combination of attribute for the characteristics of each class and make the classification model tree. Through this type of analysis, it may obtain the systematic information on the factors that cause the breast cancer in advance and prevent the risk of recurrence after the surgery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.196-203
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• 1993

Fourty-five cases of operation were performed for the correction of tricuspid regurgitation [TR] in Pusan National University Hospital between 1982 and 1991.The mean age of the patients was 32.6 years and female was dominant[M:F=1:2.2].Isolated tricuspid regurgitation was rare and 43 patients underwent concomitant other valvular operation including mitral valve replacement. Functional cause was in 39 cases and organic lesions were found in 6 cases. Operative methods were Kay annuloplasty[29], De Vega annuloplasty[12], and tricuspid valve replacement[4]. Ring annuloplasty was not performed. Operative mortality rate was 11.1%[5/45] and late mortality rate was 6.7%[2/30]. The tricuspid valve surgery itself was not a serious risk factor for hospital death and no heart block nor thrombosis was complicated. By echocardiogram early[within 30 days] and late [mean:4.9years] changes of postoperative TR were evaluated. De Vega annuloplasty seemed to bring better late result than Kay annuloplasty[p<0.05]. In four patients with late severe TR,previously replaced tissue valve degeneration[2], pulmonary hypertension[1] and rheumatic TR[1] were the possible causes. This experience suggests that De Vega annuloplasty can be a reliable method in the majority of patients with moderate-to-severe functional TR.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation education individualized to PCI patients in order to improve their knowledge of these diseases and to lessen their anxiety. Method: A Quasi experimental design with non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was used. The experimental group had the PCI operation for ischemic heart disease and individualized cardiac rehabilitation education and counseling twice for 25 minutes each time using an educational booklet developed by the authors. The effects of the education were analyzed using a knowledge assessment tool, state anxiety inventory and anxiety visual analogue scale. Results: The experimental group who received the individualized cardiac rehabilitation education showed a high level of knowledge about diseases compared to the control group and particularly showed a significant difference in knowledge about the drugs used for treatment. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the level of state anxiety and anxiety visual analogue scale. Conclusion: Individualized cardiac rehabilitation education did not reduce anxiety but it was effective in enhancing the participants' knowledge about the diseases. Thus, it can be utilized effectively in addressing risk factors in ischemic heart diseases by providing education individualized according to patients' demands and knowledge levels.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.331-337
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• 2004

Cardiac neurotransmission imaging allows in vivo assessment of presynaptic reuptake, neurotransmitter storage and postsynaptic receptors. Among the various neurotransmitter, I-123 MIBG is most available and relatively well-established. Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is an analogue of the false neurotransmitter guanethidine. It is taken up to adrenergic neurons by uptake-1 mechanism as same as norepinephrine. As tagged with I-123, it can be used to image sympathetic function in various organs including heart with planar or SPECT techniques. I-123 MIBG imaging has a unique advantage to evaluate myocardial neuronal activity in which the heart has no significant structural abnormality or even no functional derangement measured with other conventional examination. In patients with cardiomyopathy and heart failure, this imaging has most sensitive technique to predict prognosis and treatment response of betablocker or ACE inhibitor. In diabetic patients, it allow very early detection of autonomic neuropathy. In patients with dangerous arrhythmia such as ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, MIBG imaging may be only an abnormal result among various exams. In patients with ischemic heart disease, sympathetic derangement may be used as the method of risk stratification. In heart transplanted patients, sympathetic reinnervation is well evaluated. Adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity is detected earlier than ventricular dysfunction with sympathetic dysfunction. Neurodegenerative disorder such as Parkinson's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies has also cardiac sympathetic dysfunction. Noninvasive assessment of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity with I-123 MIBG imaging nay be improve understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiac disease and make a contribution to predict survival and therapy efficacy.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.295-305
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• 2017

This paper reviews current status of the unified approach known as integrated safety assessment (ISA), as well as the associated SCAIS (simulation codes system for ISA) computer platform. These constitute a proposal, which is the result of collaborative action among the Nuclear Safety Council (CSN), University of Madrid (UPM), and NFQ Solutions S.L, aiming to allow independent regulatory verification of industry quantitative risk assessments. The content elaborates on discussions of the classical treatment of time in conventional probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) sequences and states important conclusions that can be used to avoid systematic and unacceptable underestimation of the failure exceedance frequencies. The unified ISA method meets this challenge by coupling deterministic and probabilistic mutual influences. The feasibility of the approach is illustrated with some examples of its application to a real size plant.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.208-211
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• 2013

A 51-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with complaints of fever and hemoptysis. After evaluation of the fever focus, he was diagnosed with pulmonary valve infective endocarditis. Thus pulmonary valve replacement and antibiotics therapy were performed and discharged. He was brought to the emergency unit presenting with a high fever (> $39^{\circ}C$) and general weakness 6 months after the initial operation. The echocardiography revealed prosthetic pulmonary valve endocarditis. Therefore, redo-pulmonary valve replacement using valved conduit was performed in the Rastelli fashion because of the risk of pulmonary arterial wall injury and recurrent endocarditis from the remnant inflammatory tissue. We report here on the successful surgical treatment of prosthetic pulmonary valve endocarditis with an alternative surgical method.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.210-214
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• 2004

Whole liver transplantation, the currently available treatment of end-stage liver disease, has limitations including serious donor shortage, fatal surgical complications, risk of allograft rejection, and the requirement of life-long immunosuppression. In this study, we investigated the possibility of reconstructing liver tissues in vivo by implanting fetal hepatocytes on polymer scaffolds as a potential method to replace the current treatments. Fetal hepatocytes were freshly isolated from mice and seeded onto porous mesh scaffolds fabricated from polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable synthetic polymer. The seeded scaffolds were implanted into peritoneal cavity of athymic mice for one week. As a control, fetal hepatocytes were implanted without scaffold. One week after transplantation, liver-like tissues formed. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that the hepatocyles and liver tissue structures (bile ducts) were present in the newly formed tissues. In the control group, no transplanted hepatocytes were observed. Theses preliminary results suggest that liver tissues may be regeneration by transplanting fetal hepatocytes on polymer scaffolds.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 2013

The concern for dissolved phosphate in water/wastewater has been increasing because of the risk for eutrophication. A variety of conventional and advanced technologies were applied to meet the enforced new regulation of phosphate around the world. However, there still remained a lot of challenge because most introduced/developed method, for example, biological and physic-chemical treatment is not easy to satisfy the new regulation of phosphate in water. In order to meet the new regulation, the application of ion exchanger has been tried which showed that the removal efficiency for phosphate was strongly determined by in the presence of the competing ion, especially sulfate. As results, a new class of ion exchanger governed by ligand exchange was developed and investigated to increase the selectivity for phosphate. The current study using organic/inorganic anion exchanger developed with Lewis acid-base interaction confirms the selectivity for phosphate over sulfate. According to isotherm test and column test, the value of the maximum phosphate uptake (Q) showed 64 mg/g as $po{_4}^{3-}$ and the breakthrough for phosphate occurs after 1000 min and completely finishes at 2500 min, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.650-654
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• 2017

As the amount of chemicals increases, there is a global movement to reorganize the chemical management system. Korea has also reorganized its chemical management system to enact the act on Chemical Control and Registration and Evaluation etc. of chemical substance. However, it is true that there are not enough explanations in domestic workplaces. Therefore, deepening understanding of chemical control act and searched for a complementary point and future development direction. Through the proposed method, chemical control act should be widely adopted and studied both inside and outside the country as a safe chemical management system.