• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2013

Purpose: This study to describe experiences of nurses who work in intensive care units (ICUs) where they frequently encounter patients with attempted suicide by drug ingestion. Methods: Data were collected by 2 focus group interviews with 9 ICU nurses. The interview were recorded and transcribed, and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The results of data analysis, five themes were drawn: 'Confusion about for the attempted suicidal patient care', 'Helplessness for dying with attempted suicidal patients', 'Guilty for insufficient care', 'Ambivalence for the attempted suicidal patients', 'Recognition of need for professional approach'. Conclusion: The results of this study help us to understand patients who attempted suicide through the ICU nurses' experience. It would be useful to develop effective education programs for ICU nurses to preventive strategies for patients who are high risk of recurrence of suicidal crisis situation.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.23-37
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• 2022

The pandemic of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has contributed more challenges for mothers as the family's primary caregiver in overcoming the widespread infection. Pandemic-related information is essential for mothers to reduce uncertainty as well as to maintain the health of family members during this unprecedented situation. Adopting the framework of the Situational Theory of Problem Solving, this study extends the theory by, first, testing the mediating role of COVID-19 anxiety on mothers' information seeking and information forwarding, referred to as active communication action of problem solving, as well as preventive behavior; and second, by predicting the effect of information seeking on preventive behavior. Referring to an online survey from 371 Indonesian mothers, the findings suggest that in terms of direct effect, only problem recognition was found to have no significant effect on situational motivation. The results suggest that Indonesian mothers perceive COVID-19 as personally relevant so that they are motivated to solve the problem by seeking and forwarding related information. In addition, COVID-19 anxiety was found to play a significant role in predicting information seeking, information forwarding, and preventive behavior. The result of this study is expected to give insights for risk communicators and health professionals in Indonesia in communicating COVID-19, particularly to mothers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8135-8142
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• 2014

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Iranian women and usually features delayed presentation and late diagnosis. Interpretation of symptoms, as the most important step, has a significant impact on patient delay in seeking treatment. There is a dearth of studies on symptom appraisal and the process leading to seeking help in breast cancer patients. This study explored the perceptions and experiences of Iranian women with self-detected possible breast cancer symptoms. Materials and Methods: A qualitative method was conducted involving in-depth semi-structured interviews with 27 Iranian women with self-discovered breast cancer symptoms. Participants were purposefully selected from women who attended Cancer Institute of Tehran University of Medical Sciences during June 2012 to August 2013. The audiotaped interviews were transcribed and analyzed using conventional content analysis with MAXQDA soft ware version 10. The trustworthiness of the study was verified by prolonged engagement, member validation of codes, and thick description. Results: The main concepts emerging from data analysis were categorized in four categories: symptom recognition, labeling of symptoms, interactive understanding, and confronting the fear of cancer. Symptom recognition through breast self-examination, symptom monitoring and employing prior knowledge distinguished normal from abnormal symptoms and accompanied with perception of being at risk of breast cancer led to symptom labeling. Social interaction by selective disclosure and receiving reassurance from a consultant led to confirmation or redefinition of the situation. Perceived seriousness of the situation and social meanings of breast cancer as a stigmatized and incurable illness associated with loss of femininity were reasons for patient worries and fear. Conclusions: This study emphasized that entangled cognitive, emotional and socio-cultural responses affecting understanding of symptom seriousness require further investigation. It is suggested that programs aimed at shortening patient delay in breast cancer should be focused on improving women's knowledge and self-awareness of breast cancer, in addition to correcting their social beliefs.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.31-44
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of emergency medical services(EMS) is to save human lives and assure the completeness of the body in emergency situations. Those who have been qualified on medical practice to perform such treatment as there is the risk of human life and possibility of major physical and mental injuries that could result from the urgency of time and invasiveness inflicted upon the body. In the emergency medical activities, 119 emergency medical technicians mainly perform the task but they are not able to perform such task independently and they are mandatory to receive medical direction. The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition and request for medical direction by 119 emergency medical technicians in order to provide basic information on the development of medical direction program suitable to the characteristics of EMS as well as for the studies on EMS for the sake of efficient operation of pre-hospital EMS. Method : Questionnaire via e-mail was conducted during July 1-31, 2010 for 675 participants who are emergency medical technicians, nurses and other emergency crews in Gyeongbuk. The effective 171 responses were used for the final analysis. In regards to the emergency medical technicians' scope of responsibilities defined in Attached Form 14, Enforcement regulations of EMS, t-test analysis was conducted by using the means and standard deviation of the level of request for medical direction on the scope of responsibilities of Level 1 & Level 2 emergency medical technicians as the scale of medical direction request. The general characteristics, experience result, the reason for necessity, emergency medical technicians & medical director request level, medical direction method, the place of work of the medical director, feedback content and improvement plan request level were analyzed through frequency and percentage. The level of experience in medical direction and necessity were analyzed through ${\chi}^2$ test. Results : In regards to the medical direction experience per qualification, the experience was the highest with 53.3% for Level 1 emergency medical technicians and 80.3% responded that experience was helpful. As for the recognition on the necessity of medical direction, 71.3% responded as "necessary" and it turned out to be the highest of 76.9% in nurses. As for the reason for responding "necessary", the reason for reducing the risk and side-effects from EMS for patients was the largest(75.4%), and the reason of EMS delay due to the request of medical direction was the highest(71.4%) for the reason for responding "not necessary". In regards to the request level of the task scope of emergency medical technicians, injection of certain amount of solution during a state of shock was the highest($3.10{\pm}.96$) for Level 1 emergency rescuers, and the endotracheal intubation was the highest($3.12{\pm}1.03$) for nurses, and the sublingual administration of nitroglycerine(NTG) during chest pain was the highest($2.62{\pm}1.02$) for Level 2 emergency medical technicians, and regulation of heartbeat using AED was the highest($2.76{\pm}.99$) for other emergency crews. For the revitalization of medical direction, the improvement in the capability of EMS(78.9%) was requested from emergency crew, and the ability to evaluate the medical state of patient was the highest(80.1%) in the level of request for medical director. The prehospital and direct medical direction was the highest(60.8%) for medical direction method, and the emergency medical facility was the highest(52.0%) for the placement of medical director, and the evaluation of appropriateness of EMS was the highest(66.1%) for the feedback content, and the reinforcement of emergency crew(emergency medical technicians) personnel was the highest(69.0%) for the improvement plan. Conclusion : The medical direction is an important policy in the prehospital EMS activity because 119 emergency medical technicians agreed the necessity of medical direction and over 80% of those who experienced medical direction said it was helpful. In addition, the simulation training program using algorithm and case study through feedback are necessary in order to enhance the technical capability of ambulance teams on the item of professional EMS with high level of request in the task scope of emergency medical technicians, and recognition of medical direction is the essence of the EMS field. In regards to revitalizing medical direction, the improvement of the task performance capability of 119 emergency medical technicians and medical directors, reinforcement of emergency medical activity personnel, assurance of trust between emergency medical technicians and the emergency physician, and search for professional operation plan of medical direction center are needed to expand the direct medical direction method for possible treatment beforehand through the participation by medical director even at the step in which emergency situation report is received.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.23-50
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• 2008

In a global economy where, private parties increasingly favour arbitration over litigation, many foreigners are unfortunately reluctant to arbitration with China's parties because the China national courts do not scrutinize the merits when deciding whether to recognize and enforce foreign awards. As a result, the finality of arbitral awards hangs in uncertainty. Overseas concern is that China's courts may abuse "Public Policy" grounds provided for in the New York Convention to set aside or refuse to enforce foreign awards. The purpose of this article is to examine the distrust to enforcement of arbitral awards whether that is just an assumption. In spite of the modernize and internationalize her international arbitration system and many reforms provided in the related law and rules, the most vexing leftover issues are caused of the lack of "rule of law" in China. This situation imply the risk of pervert 'Public Policy' as the ground for refusing enforcement of arbitral awards. Some cases reflect the fear. But it is unclear whether those cases caused from the lack of "rule of law" in China. Same uncertainty present between Hon Kong-China under th one country-two legal system after the return of Hong Kong to China on 1 July 1997. While China is striving to improve its enforcement mechanism in regard to the enforcement of arbitral awards, it can only be expect following the establishment of rule of law in the future.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2014

In this paper, we devise a new ontology-based context-aware system to recognize the smart car information, in which driver's intent is utilized by information of car, driver, environment as well as driving state, driver state. So proposed system can handle dynamically risk changes by adding real-time situational awareness information. We utilize the camera image recognition technology for context-aware intelligent vehicle driving information, and implement information acquisition scheme OBD-II protocol to acquire vehicle's information. Experiments confirm that the proposed advanced driver safety assist system outperforms the conventional system, which only utilizes the information of vehicle, driver, and environmental information, to support the service of a high-speed driving, lane-departure service and emergency braking situation awareness.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.733-738
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• 2017

This study is to find out empirically how the fear of crime is affected by the level of recognition of people. CPTED elements including natural surveillance, access control, utilization enhancement, territoriality securement, etc. Safety of residents could be considered and then increased when we plan, design, and operate a city. In Korea, CPTED is currently being applied to every town. However, it is not systemized and neither efficient, for there are no constraint provisions, and the foreign cases are not specifically customized to the current situation of the country. This study, therefore, aims to find the limits from analyzing related laws and regimes, administrative regulations, and applied cases, and to deduct improvement plans based on examined foreign cases.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.50
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• pp.61-87
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• 2017

National Assembly is a constitutional institution that is required to first consult the will of the people and it should do its effort continuously so that security of citizens using parking lot would be enhanced at the same time while improving parking service in order to increase customer satisfaction of the people. Under this recognition, in this study, Doonchi parking lot of National Assembly under consigned management was first reviewed in a perspective of criminal prevention through environmental design(CPTED) and particularly, fence installation and reinforcement work for securing 'territoriality' and operation of all round shooting camera and installation of No-trespassing warning board at entrance were suggested. Second, it was recommended to change independent control system in which CCTV security system of National Assembly Doonchi parking lot is operated separately from National Assembly safety situation room and integrate it with National Assembly safety situation room(revised to double safety system) and performance of CCTV camera was made to be increased to over 2m. In addition, video recording mode was converted to NVR mode for application to IP camera in the future and in order to avoid dead zone of security monitoring area and based on site inspection result, addition 3 places of newly installing CCTV were indicated. Third, it was recommended to introduce parking fare billing and management system through unmanned equipment in parking lot management and operation.(specialized management of professional parking service provider was reviewed). By doing so, risk of cash handling by charging personnel was removed by reducing current 7 working personnel to 3 and particularly, by converting parking lot management mode being operated temporarily from 9 A.M. to 9 P.M. at present to 24 hours operation mode and providing more specialized parking service, citizens visiting National Assembly were provided with convenience and image of National Assembly was also enhanced. This study was carried out in parallel with various literature and case studies, including data from the Office of the Defense Protection in the National Assembly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.141-154
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose is to provide basic information for establishing improvements on performance-based pay's evaluation method of health teachers. Methods: For subjects, 200 teachers at public elementary schools and 200 health teachers at public elementary schools in Gyeonggi-do were conveniently sampled, and then surveyed through a questionnaire. The questionnaire was to recognize recognition of teachers working under the teacher's performance-based pay system, which was quoted in the questionnaire of Choi ji-hye (2005) and Lee mi-gyeong (2008). Inquiry for the recognition of teachers on evaluation of health teacher's performance-based pay system and improvements on the performance-based pay's evaluation method of health teachers were used after consultation with five incumbent health teachers and a review with the thesis director. Results: The performance-based pay's evaluation method of health teachers has the same method with general teachers in schools, so it is not fair to evaluate the performance of health teachers. The ways to improve the performance-based pay evaluation method of health teachers is as follows: first, the approval on improving 'the number of class hours' which is a detailed item of a teacher's performance evaluation criterion to 'the number of health lesson hours per week and the number of students visiting the school infirmary per week'; second, improving 'life guidance' into 'counseling results of medically-treated students, parents of students and personal hygiene guidance'; third, improving 'a teacher in charge' into 'awarding of points by being recognized as a health teacher in charge of all students and considering the economic situation of the region,; forth, improving 'difficulty of position' into 'the number of health-teacher's annual promotion task items and the treatment number of issuing and receiving of official documents', and improving the 'task difficulty' into 'importance and urgency of emergency patient management, risk level and urgency of infectious diseases and avoiding work in charge' appeared to be more than 90% respectively. Conclusion: The performance-based pay system of teachers being carried out every year should be executed by preparing fair evaluation criteria suitable for task properties and the role of health teachers with different evaluation criteria compared to general teachers.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.109-117
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• 2019

Recently, child safety map making education has attracted attention as a way to reduce crimes against children. In Korea, the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family organized a child safety map making education program in 2011. The program's manual was revised in 2013 and the Ministry implemented it as a project to promote the rights of women and children. Child safety map making education aims to raise a child's understanding of their neighborhood, to have voluntary control and normal consciousness as a local inhabitant, to be aware of wrong behavior and crime, and to be part of creating a safe urban environment. However, when compared to educational programs in other major developed countries, the child safety map making education program in Korea currently does not improve a child's awareness of their surroundings. In this workshop study, we proposed and ran a new program to improve children's awareness of their environment based on the active participation of children in the existing safety map educational program. The workshop was held for 4 weeks for 48 students from 5th and 6th grade at Osan Daeho Elementary School. We analyzed this new program's effects with the following results. First, an analysis of the effects of the program on children's recognition of safe and dangerous spaces revealed that their understanding of these spaces increased by 30.4% after the workshop. The safety-related factor in the mind map key concept increased from 0.94 to 4.94, indicating that the children's perception of neighborhood risk and safety factors improved. Second, the analysis of the effects of the program on the children's coping ability in dangerous situations showed that their understanding of how to deal with dangerous situations increased by 11.3%. The children's understanding of facilities they could ask for help, such as police boxes and child safety guard houses, improved by 17.9%. Third, analysis of the effects of child safety map making education on children's understanding of their neighborhood, their perception of responsibility in the neighborhood, and their neighborhood attachment showed that these levels of children's understanding of the neighborhood improved by 6.0% after the workshop.