• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.458-469
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• 2020

Geriatric depression is associated with pathological changes in the brain and increases the risk of cognitive impairment or dementia. However, high cognitive reserve, such as high education, can delay or minimize clinical manifestations of pathologies involving the brain, so the effect of geriatric depression on cognitive impairment or dementia may vary depending on the education level. In this study, the author analyzed data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) to examine whether the effect of geriatric depression on cognitive function differed depending on education level. Among the 10,254 subjects registered in the KLoSA, the 4,905 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed by stepwise regression analysis. The results were as follows: first, depressive symptoms predicted low cognitive function after 12 years; second, the negative effect of depressive symptoms on cognitive function after 12 years was higher in the old adult group than in the young adult group; and third, the effect of age was significant only in the low-educated group. These results suggest that depressive symptoms in low-educated old adults may increase the risk of development of dementia in the long term.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to set and analyze the standard model for prioritizing and deciding to take part in housing environment improvement project in the perspective of the public sector. The results of this study were as follows. The location competitiveness, potential demand, marketability and competitive price, etc were selected by assessment indicators. And Various indicators, including of the size of the area, public transportation, accessibility, convenience of living and the influx of the population, were used by weights indexes. The profit of local residents and the public promoter, variability of earnings, sensitivity analysis and the ratio of money in reserve, etc were also established as detailed indexes for the profitability and business risk analysis. To analyze the cash flow of the project process and review the necessary capital in advance, the payback, total working expenses, gearing ratio and sensitivity of a risk, etc were also set as additional detailed indexes. Lastly, considering it is quasi-public projects, the measure to protect tenants, necessity need of redevelopment and local government's will were additionally used by indexes. And Points were distributed on the importance of each index and scored out of 100. It will allow for the public project promoter to decide rationally whether to come in on the project. The public project promoter like the Korea Land and Housing Corporation will be able to make use of various indexes are based on this study to make decision whether joining the housing environment improvement project in depressed region.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.406-408
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• 2000

Recently, Korea's electric industry is in the midst of a period of profound changes in the structure and function, including the introduction of market competition in the generation sector. Therefore, it is difficult to promote long-term capacity planning and new generating capacity construction which have been driven by KEPCO so far, after the introduction of market competition, so new generating capacity construction and security of reserve margin is needed through self·regulation plan of private generation producers by market mechanism. According to the competition in the generation sector, a new paradigm is necessary to the long-term capacity planning driven by the Government. This paper analyzes the plan and the incentive level able to guide the new generation capacity construction considering the uncertainty risk in a period of introduction of competition. In addition, this paper analyzes the plan able to guide the new capacity construction by market function at the stage which market become established and Government's role to solve the anxiety about the capacity supply and demand.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.142-145
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• 1995

The tracheocutaneous fistula(TCF) may develop infrequently as a complication after tracheostomy. Prolonged tracheostomy tube dependence increases the risk of TCF developing, and in growth of stratified squamous epithelium lines the furrow connecting the tracheal mucosa and the skin, accounting for persistence of the fistulous tract. Such fistulas are a nuisance and create nursing and social problems including poor hygiene, aspiration, difficulty with speech, and depletion of pulmonary reserve. Surgical closure has generally been successful by primary closure, fistulectomy with primary closure, and closure by secondary intention following excision of the tracheocutaneous fistula. No large series compares the efficacy of these techniques and each has its own merits. Recent literature has purposed to minimizing complications. For ten years, from January 1985 to December 1994, the authors experienced 25 cases of TCF which were analyzed in respect to incidence and interval of cannulation, duration between decanulation and fistular closure, precedent disease, closure methods, and complications of TCF repair.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of growth opportunities on capital structure and dividend policy in Indonesia. The study employs panel data of companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange that distribute dividends from 2007 to 2017. Fixed and random effect regression models are used. Findings based on growth opportunities on capital structure and dividend policy in Indonesia are in line with the existing theory (i.e., contracting theory). Growth opportunities have a significant negative correlation with debt ratio and dividend yield, which suggests that firms with high growth opportunities are discouraged to generate debt to resolve underinvestment and asset-substitution problem. Firms with more investment opportunities tend to adopt a low dividend payout policy because the cash flows will be used up for investment. The positive impact of firm size on leverage is due to the low bankruptcy risk and cost of a large company. Profitability has a positive impact on the dividend policy because profitable companies can reserve larger free cash flows and, thus, pay higher dividends. The positive influence of ownership on leverage is interpreted by the unwillingness of majority stockholders to commit to equity financing in order to avoid reducing the ownership and preserve control of the company.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.234-240
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• 1999

This paper presents a new approach for large-scale generator maintenance scheduling optimizations. The generator preventive maintenance scheduling problems are typical discrete dynamic n-dimensional vector optimization ones with several inequality constraints. The considered objective function to be minimized a subset of{{{{ { R}^{n } }}}} space is the variance (i.g., second-order momentum) of operating reserve margin to levelize risk or reliability during a year. By its nature of the objective function, the optimal solution can only be obtained by enumerating all combinatorial states of each variable, a task which leads to computational explosion in real-world maintenance scheduling problems. This paper proposes a new priority search mechanism based on each generator's discrete sensitivity value which was analytically developed in this study. Unlike the conventional capacity-based priority search, it can prevent the local optimal trap to some extents since it changes dynamically the search tree in each iteration. The proposed method have been applied to two test systems (i.g., one is a sample system with 10 generators and the other is a real-world lage scale power system with 280 generators), and the results anre compared with those of the conventional capacith-based search method and combinatorial optimization method to show the efficiency and effectiveness of the algorithm.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

In Korean women, a westernized lifestyle is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Fertility preservation has become an increasingly important issue for women with breast cancer, in accordance with substantial improvements in survival rate after cancer treatment. The methods of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for fertility preservation in breast cancer patients have been modified to include aromatase inhibitors to reduce the potential harm associated with increased estradiol levels. Random-start COH and dual ovarian stimulation are feasible options to reduce the total duration of fertility preservation treatment and to efficiently collect oocytes or embryos. Using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist as a trigger may improve cycle outcomes in breast cancer patients undergoing COH for fertility preservation. In young breast cancer patients with BRCA mutations, especially BRCA1 mutations, the possibility of diminished ovarian reserve may be considered, although further studies are necessary. Herein, we review the current literature on the practical issues surrounding COH for fertility preservation in women with breast cancer.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.155-162
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of study was to identify problems in disaster recovery resource management and operation through on-site investigation and utilize them as improvement proposal for disaster recovery resources management by local governments. Method: Areas with high natural and social disasters recorded in historical and yearly records of natural and social disasters, related books, and annual reports for 20 years were selected. The DRSS data of the selected local governments were analyzed and the reserve warehouse were selected for field survey. Result: It is analyzed that the current situation in the city hall and district offices is somewhat insufficient due to heavy work by the working-level officials of local governments on the storage of disaster recovery resources. The actual amount of stockpiles and DRSS data are somewhat different or missing because the input method and criteria are not clear at present when inputting the current data. Conclusion: To improve the management of the disaster recovery resource reserve, it is deemed that education of DRSS and training of best practices for the operation of disaster management resources are urgently needed, and that a systematic management of stockpiles using disaster prevention experts will be required.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2024

Objectives: Interventions promoting physical exercise and healthy habits in workplaces have been shown to be effective in reducing risk factors for metabolic syndrome. This study was conducted to examine the effects of an individualized conditioning exercise program of IT company office workers with or at higher risk of metabolic syndrome. Methods: A total of 444 IT company office workers with or at higher risk of metabolic syndrome participated in a 3-month conditioning exercise program. Body composition data using bioelectrical impedance analysis and cardiopulmonary data using cardiopulmonary exercise testing from 53 individuals (mean age: 34.8 ± 7.1 years, sex : 21% female, height : 170.4 ± 6.8 cm, weight : 75.2±12.2 kg, body mass index : 25.8±3.3 kg/m²) who have successfully completed pre-test, intervention, and post-test were analyzed. The 12 weeks intervention encompassed: (1) health counseling (2) supervised exercise(endurance-based, aerobic exercise, or circuit training once a week for 50 minutes at heart rate reserve(HRR) of 77-95%) (3) self-directed exercise and biweekly health screening checks. Results: The results indicated a significant decrease in body weight, body fat mass and body mass index, respectively. Moreover, VO₂peak, AT VO₂ and AT Time significantly improved, respectively. Resting blood pressure(SBP/DBP) showed positive changes but were not statistically significant. We observed the correlation between characteristics of participants and rate of changes in cardiopulmonary outcomes of participants, there are no significant correlation. These results indicate positive changes in body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters following individualized conditioning exercise program. Conclusions: Individualized workplace exercise program for preventing metabolic syndrome can lead to improvements in body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1352-1358
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• 2006

Purpose. The purpose of this study were to investigate the effects of a 12-week brisk walking program on triglycerides (TG) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) and to compare these effects to those of a brisk walking plus diet program in middle-aged overweight/obese ($BMI{\geq}23$) Korean women with hypertriglyceridemia. Method. This analysis was done with nineteen middle-aged overweight/obese Korean women who completed either the brisk walking program (9 women) or the brisk walking plus diet program (10 women) for 12 weeks. The brisk walking consisted of walking for 20 to 50 minutes/day at an intensity of 40 to 70% of heart rate reserve (HRR) for 3 to 6 days/week. The diet consisted of 60 minutes of group education and 20 to 30 minutes of individual counseling every week. TG and Apo B were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results. TG and Apo B decreased significantly after the brisk walking program (Z = -2.31, p = 0.021; Z = -2.59, p = 0.009). TG and Apo B lowering effects of the brisk walking program were not significantly different from those of the brisk walking plus diet program (U = 37.0, P = 0.549; U = 42.0, P = 0.842). Conclusion. Brisk walking can be an effective intervention for overweight/obese middle-aged women with hypertriglyceridemia in reducing cardiovascular risk by lowering TG and Apo B levels. Adding diet to brisk walking may have no additional significant effects on changes in TG and Apo B.