• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.325-333
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• 2022

This study examined the influence of three elements of individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO), namely innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It is worth noting that SMEs have experienced low productivity, low profit, and low performance during the COVID-19 pandemic era. Although several studies have shown that entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is a key factor of company performance, few have focused on IEO. This study employed a quantitative research design because all variables were measurable. It used a questionnaire to survey 384 SMEs in the service sector and employed structural equation modeling (SEM) in data analysis. The findings suggested that SMEs' performance was influenced by risk-taking and proactiveness. This could be related to the fact that SMEs have a less formal structure, allowing owner-managers to take risks and make quick decisions. Furthermore, high performance was ensured by being very sensitive to market trends and changes in the business environment. Innovativeness was not a significant factor in influencing the performance of SMEs. Perhaps it was rather difficult for SME owner-managers to be innovative due to the lack of various resources. This study successfully re-confirmed the effect of IEO on business performance and highlighted the importance of risk-taking and proactiveness in improving the performance of SMEs.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.195-222
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• 2005

This study was a comparative analysis by youth's internet addiction types. Distribution of internet addiction types, relative influence of risk and protective factors in each addiction type, and common and different risk and protective factors among the internet addiction types were investigated. And, the level of youth's mental health and the effect of internet to youth's mental health were identified. A total of 1,830 youth were surveyed, and the findings were as below: Firstly, 62.3% of the surveyed youth were addicted to internet. In detail, 15.9% had internet game addiction and 10.9% had internet sex addiction. Secondly, in all types of internet addiction, the risk factors gave severer influence than the protective factors did, and the protective factors gave compensation effect to each type of addiction. Thirdly, among the internet addiction types, the common risk factors were depression, aggression, parents' control, and friends' influence, while the protective factor was self control. Among the internet addiction types, a different risk factor was PC access, and the different protective factors included self-efficacy, teacher's support, friend's support, and parents' relationship. Fourthly, in all the three addiction pattern, the addicted adolescents had experienced more psychological symptoms than general internet users had. Finally, in the aspects of psychiatric symptoms, sex addiction gave the worst negative effect, and then game addiction, and internet addiction came in order. And the adolescents who had the higher degree of addiction were more likely to experience psychiatric symptoms.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.109-137
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• 2014

As the fast development of information technology (IT), abundant attractive alternatives have showed up and challenged to the traditional information technology (IT). Cloud services, the hottest representative among these alternatives, has attracted the attention from all walks of life. Considering the diversity of cloud services, this study attempts to find out the important factors affected on individual's switching intention from incumbent IT to cloud services mainly based on two-factor theory (switching enablers and switching inhibitors) and explore the direct influences of these factors on individual's switching intention. According to our findings, individual's switching intention to cloud services is not only positively influenced by switching enablers but also negatively influenced by switching inhibitors. All the switching enablers in this study (perceived omnipresence, perceived collaboration support and perceived compatibility of cloud services) have positively significant influences on individual's switching intention as well as the switching inhibitors (usage habit of incumbent IT and perceived risk of cloud services) have negatively significant influences on individual's switching intention. It's noteworthy that satisfaction of incumbent IT has insignificant influence on individual's switching intention in this study. Moreover, as we expected, both social influence and personal innovativeness have significant influences on the generation of individual's switching intention.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.67-75
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• 2023

Purpose: The study is focused on understanding consumer behaviour related to credit card use in retail payment or identifying factors that influence risk perception. Research design, data and methodology: Based on data collecting from structured self-administered questionnaires of 247 Vietnamese bank account payers, this study uses the Cronbach alpha analysis, the factor analyses, the structural equation modeling to assess the research's measurement model and structural model with the presence of knowledge, propensity to trust, self-efficacy, risk perception, intended use and their complex, intertwined relationships. Results: The results reveal that customer's perceived risk, which is affected by their self-efficacy and propensity to trust, negatively impact on their intended use of credit cards in retail payment. However, there is no evidence of the significant influence of consumer knowledge on how they assess potential losses of credit card. Conclusions: These findings provide a better understanding of consumer risk perception, its antecedents and consequence in a direction of credit card adoption. Bank managers or marketers should focus on increasing the information about credit cards and issues related to credit card use in retail payment, promoting mechanisms to encourage customers to participate in the credit card experience.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-28
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• 2002

Today, IT outsourcing has become a very important management strategy of implementing information systems in organizations. This paper investigates the risks and strategic recognition as a key factors effecting on the degree of outsourcing, Specifically the risks of outsourcing and its four components-control risk, economical risk, technical risk, relational risk-are examined to be a negative effect on the degree of outsourcing. And strategic recognition about outsourcing is examined to be a mediator factor between the risks and the degree of outsourcing. To empirically test these relationships, data are gathered from senior IT managers in 62 corporations. Results of this study show that the degree of outsourcing is strongly influenced by control risk, economical risk, relational risk. But technical risk does not influence on the degree of outsourcing. And strategic recognition about outsourcing is found that is mediator concern with the risks and the degree of outsourcing. The results indicate to provide a good framework to minimize the risks for IT outsourcing success.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.48
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• pp.177-206
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to verify the factors that affect the fear of crime by applying the risk interpretation model. Especially, whereas previous studies have not proven micro individual factor that the risk interpretation model had presented, This study includes micro individual elements such as neighborhood factor, perceived risk of crime, fears of crime as main variables. This study utilized secondary data of the National Crime Victimization Survey 2012, conducted by the Korean Institute of Criminology. In this study, multiple regression analysis of two stages and Sobel Test were conducted for verifying the individual influence of each independent variables and identifying the causal relationship between the variables set out in the risk analysis model. As the result, it appeared that the higher level of perceived risk of crime, neighborhood factor, crime experience, education, income cause the higher degree of the fear of crime. On the other hand, the lower degree of age was found to induce the higher level of the fear of crime. In addition, female showed the higher degree of the fear of crime than man. The causal relationship between the variables set out in the risk interpretation model was presented significantly in all variables, except for education.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.7 no.1 s.23
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• pp.63-70
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• 2007

The aims of this study are to draw the project risk factors by grasping the relation especially between the construction preparation cost calculation and the project risk factors in the project's bidding stage, and to draw the cost estimate based on the risk when the orderer or the constructer performs the project and the main factors in calculating the most suitable construction cost by clarifying the understanding degree of the influence between the risk factors and the construction cost. In addition, this study can give a help to the proper decision -making through the prediction of the construction preparation cost, and this study is expected to give the basic data in developing the assessment tool for the most suitable construction cost of the project.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3244-3251
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• 2012

In the construction and operation of large marine structure, hazard risk analysis is one of important factors. Therefore, this paper investigates the hazard risk indexes and evaluates the risk level in the construction and operation of SFT on the basis of expert survey and Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Hazard risk is divided into natural hazard risk (earthquake, typhoon, tsunami, and ice collision) and human factor hazard risk (fire, explosion, traffic accident, ship or submarine collision). Also, the influence of hazard risk indexes on SFT was evaluated in tunnel tube, supporting system, ventilation tower, foundation, and connection part. As the hazard risk level of SFT is compared with those of bridge, underwater tunnel, and immersed tunnel, the intrinsic risk level of SFT was evaluated. Tsunami and earthquake had higher risk level in natural hazard risk, and the risk levels of fire and explosion were higher in human factor hazard risk. Hazard risk level of SFT was 1.4 times higher than immersed tunnel, and 3.2 times higher than bridge.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.384-399
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate consumers' clothes shopping orientation factors and perceived risk factors affecting the purchase intention for fashion products in social commerce. For this study, questionnaires were given to 500 adults in their 20s~30s who had experience of using social commerce related to general products or services. To analyze the results of this study, we conducted descriptive analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, a chi-square independence test, and hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS 18.0. The results were as follows. First, social commerce users'clothes shopping orientations were classified into the pursuit of pleasure, brand, fashion innovation, trend, and utility, and the perceived risks were classified into the risks related to products, consumer service, loss of purchase opportunity, confidence in the web site, economy, and security. Second, clothes shopping orientation factors and perceived risk factors had a somewhat significant influence on the purchase intention for fashion products. Third, there was a significant difference between sexes regarding the influences of the clothes shopping orientation factors and perceived risk factors for the purchase intention of fashion products. Finally, this study aims to provide useful information for fashion companies to enable them to establish specific strategies that can influence consumers'purchase behaviors through social commerce.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.105-116
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• 2017

In this Paper, We Empirically Investigated what kind of Risks Exist that Drive high Failure rate of cloud Services, and whether Perception of such risks leads to the Adoption of the Abandonment Option of cloud Services. Such risk Perception is the Individual-level Factor, and we Empirically Tested whether Organizational Contexts such as CEO's Innovativeness and Dandwagon Effect can Moderate the Positive Effects of such Individual-level Risk Perception on the Adoption of Abandonment option. We Collected Survey data from IT Professionals Working for the Small and Medium-sized Companies near Seoul and found that the Perceived Technical Risk and Economic Risk Influence the Adoption of Abandonment Option. Out of two Organizational Contexts, only CEO's Innovativeness Moderates the Positive Influence of Technical Risk on the Adoption of Abandonment Option. Organizational Factors Demonstrated very Limited Moderation Effect on the Influence of Individual-level Perception of Cloud Service Risk on the Adoption of Abandonment Option.