• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7879-7884
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• 2014

To investigate the association between intake of freshwater fish and their fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer in Chinese women, we conducted a case-control study with 669 cases and 682 population-based controls in Jiangsu Province of China. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit detailed information. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Total freshwater fish intake was linked to decrease in the adjusted OR for breast cancer, but without dose-dependence. Analyses by freshwater fish species showed that consumption of black carp and silver carp was inversely related to breast cancer risk, with adjusted-ORs for the highest intake category of black carp (${\geq}500g/month$) of 0.54 (95%CI=0.33-0.92; $P_{trend}$ <0.002) and for silver carp (${\geq}1000g/month$) of 0.19 (95%CI=0.11-0.33; $P_{trend}$ <0.001). In contrast, consumption of crucian carp was positively related to breast cancer risk, with an adjusted OR for the highest intake category (${\geq}1000g/month$) of 6.09 (95%CI=3.04-12.2; $P_{trend}$ <0.001). Moderate intakes of SFA, PUFA, n3-PUFA and n6-PUFA from freshwater fish may decrease the risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women. The findings of this study suggest that intake of freshwater fish and their fatty acids may modify risk of breast cancer, and that different species of freshwater fish could have a different actions on breast cancer risk. Future epidemiologic studies are needed to know the effects of freshwater fish intake on breast cancer risk and the cause of these effects.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10841-10846
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• 2015

Background: Smoking is a primary risk factor for cancer development. While most research has focused on smoking cigarettes, the increasing popularity of shisha or water pipe smoking has received less attention. This study measured the prevalence and risk factors for shisha and cigarette smoking and related knowledge. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Shah Alam, Malaysia. Participants aged ${\geq}18years$ were selected from restaurants. Data regarding demographic variables, smoking patterns, and knowledge about shisha smoking were collected in local languages. Logistic regression was performed to assess risk factors. Results: Of 239 participants, 61.9 % were male and 99.2% revealed their smoking status. Some 57.4% were smokers: 50.7% only cigarettes, 5.9% only shisha and 42% both. Mean age of starting cigarette smoking was $17.5{\pm}2.4years$ and for shisha smoking $18.7{\pm}2.0years$. In a univariate model, male gender, age 33-52 years and monthly income > MYR 4,000 increased the risk and unemployment and being a student decreased the risk. In a multivariate model, male gender increased the risk of smoking, while being a student decreased the risk, adjusting for age and income. The perception of shisha being less harmful than cigarettes was present in 14.6% and 7.5% had the opinion that shisha is not harmful at all, while 21.7% said that it is less addictive than cigarettes, 39.7% said that shisha did not contain tar and nicotine, 34.3% said that it did not contain carbon monoxide and 24.3% thought that shisha did not cause health problems. Conclusions: Prevalence of shisha and cigarette smoking is high in the general population in Malaysia and knowledge about shisha smoking is relatively low. The findings of our study might have implications for understanding similarities and differences in incidence of shisha and cigarette smoking in other cultural/geographic regions.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.401-417
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• 2020

As an increasing demand for rapid railway transportation, the construction of sidetrack is inevitable to operate local and express trains simultaneously. However, the current technologies for the sidetrack construction method require a long construction period by interrupting the operation of the existing subway line, as well as cause a huge economic loss. Thus, it is necessary to study the sidetrack construction method under the special situation that the subway is in operation and to analyze the risk of the existing tunnel enlargement process for the sidetrack construction. Therefore, in this paper, the Government Complex Gwacheon station on Subway Line 4 was considered as a target station for the virtual sidetrack construction and the optimal sidetrack construction plan was derived. Subsequently, the application of risk management process was carried out in the order of identifying risk, risk response planning, performing a risk analysis, risk monitoring and control for potential risk events during the construction of sidetrack under the subway operation. A total of eight potential risk events and risk mitigation methods were selected, and a risk assessment matrix was established using the five-step risk probability and impact level criteria to perform the risk assessment including residual risks. Based on the results of the risk assessment, the risk grade and the reduction effect of each risk mitigation method were confirmed.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.13-26
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• 2019

Objectives: To investigate whether medical institutions can prevent accidents by analyzing the root cause of a medical accident and identifying the tendencies. Methods: A total of 345 medical cases were used for the RCA(Root Cause Analysis). The root causes were classified using the SHELL model. The suitability of the model was confirmed by SPSS's MDPREF and Euclidean distance. An SPSS20.0 hierarchical regression analysis was used as an influencing factor on the degree of injury resulting from medical accidents. Results: The SHELL model was suitable for classification. The rates of accident causes were LS49%, L34%, LL10.2%, LE3.7%, LH2.3%. The order in which the degree of a patient's injury was affected were: Risk Threshold (${\beta}=.180$), Time (${\beta}=.175$), Surgical stage (${\beta}=-.166$), Do not use procedure (${\beta}=.147$). Conclusions: Health care institutions should remove priorities through system improvement and training. For patients' safety, the five factors of the SHELL model should be managed in harmony.

• The Korean Journal of Legal Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.153-158
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• 2018

Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of human infections, and it is also a commensal that colonizes the nose, axillae, vagina, throat, or skin surfaces. S. aureus has increasingly been recognized as a cause of severe invasive illness, and individuals colonized with this pathogen are subsequently at increased risk of its infections. S. aureus infection is a major cause of skin, soft tissue, respiratory, bone, joint, and endovascular disorders, and staphylococcal bacteremia may cause abscess, endocarditis, pneumonia, metastatic infection, foreign body infection, or sepsis. The authors describe a case of a fisherman who died of sepsis on a fishing boat during sailing out for fish. The autopsy shows paravertebral abscess, pus in the pericardial sac, infective endocarditis with vegetation on the aortic valve cusp, myocarditis, pneumonia and nephritis with bacterial colonization, and also liver cirrhosis and multiple gastric ulcerations.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

Human stampedes were a major hazard that could occur during mass gatherings, but they have received limited attention in korea. However, after the 10.29 Itaewon disaster, this atmosphere has turned around. The cause of such an accident and how to prevent it should be considered. The main aim of this study is to identify the reason why did the accident happen at that time, the root cause, and the triggering cause with Delphi-AHP survey method. In addition, various preventive measures were investigated by experts to prevent accidents similar to 10.29 Itaewon disaster. Problems and solutions were presented by collecting expert opinions on the causes and preventive measures of the 10.29 Itaewon disaster. However, the opinion of the experienced peoples who experienced the risk at the Itaewon was not included, so further investigation is considered necessary.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.92-102
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• 2013

A Project Financing (PF) is a form of project delivery system that is carried out for the purpose of trying to give help to the development of national economy and the construction industry in order attract private investment. However, in the case of Korea, many PF projects are only taking into account the aspect of maximizing development benefits, and the proliferation of PF results in project failure. In addition, the interruption of business has been one after another in the aftermath of the recent financial crisis. These major cause is the result of efforts to block the potential risk of objectively quantifying operations. Nowadays, PF risk analysis in terms of various factors is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to identify and quantify the extensive risk elements to classify the cause of affecting the success of the project PF study prior to propose a methodology for evaluating the integrity of the project PF based on this and to provide a quantitative system that can evaluate the business risk. This study identified the factors that affect the PF business success and failure and establish the metrics that can be quantified through existing research and expert interviews. Factors influencing the success of the PF obtained as a result of surveys and interviews in assessing the soundness of the PF development conditions in the future be able to take advantage of, as well as an objective assessment tool to be able to take advantage of the development is expected.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2259-2263
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• 2013

Background: Public use National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and NHANES III linked mortality data were here applied to investigate the association between health insurance coverage and all cause and all cancer mortality in adults. Patients and Methods: NHANES III household adult, laboratory and mortality data were merged. Only patients examined in the mobile examination center (MEC) were included in this study. The sampling weight employed was WTPFEX6, SDPPSU6 being used for the probability sampling unit and SDPSTRA6 to designate the strata for the survey analysis. All cause and all cancer mortalities were used as binary outcomes. The effect of health insurance coverage status on all cause and all cancer mortalities were analyzed with potential socioeconomic, behavioral and health status confounders. Results: There were 2398 sample persons included in this study. The mean age was 40 years and the mean (S.E.) follow up was 171.85 (3.12) person months from the MEC examination. For all cause mortality, the odds ratios (significant p-values) of the covariates were: age, 1.0095 (0.000); no health insurance coverage (using subjects with health insurance), 1.71 (0.092); black race (using non-Hispanic white subjects as the reference group) 1.43, (0.083); Mexican-Americans, 0.60 (0.089); DMPPIR, 0.82, (0.000); and drinking hard liquor, 1.014 (0.007). For all cancer mortality, the odds ratio (significant p-values) of the covariates were: age, 1.0072 (0.00); no health insurance coverage, using with health coverage as the reference group, 2.91 (0.002); black race, using non-Hispanic whites as the reference group, 1.64 (0.047); Mexican Americans, 0.33 (0.008) and smoking, 1.017 (0.118). Conclusion: There was a 70% increase in risk of all cause death and almost 300% of all cancer death for people without any health insurance coverage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.6-11
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• 2010

The continuous fatal accidents like explosion or fire cause huge losses of both life and property in laboratories even though safety management system has been built and periodical checkups and safety diagnosis have been implementing in universities and enterprise-affiliated research institutes since Act on the Establishment of Safe Laboratory Environment was enacted in 2005 to prevent accidents in research laboratories. Cause analysis and safety management measures to prevent recurrence of accidents are urgently needed because accidents in research laboratories occur repeatedly with similar contents. This study will show results of analysis on incidents and accidents occurred in laboratories in universities and enterprise-affiliated research institutes using Root Cause Analysis Method and propose classified map of cause investigation and improvements so as to improve safety management in research laboratories.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.128-134
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• 2020

Recently, the damages by typhoons and heavy rains are increasing due to the climate change. However, we are still vulnerable to inundation disaster due to various causes such as poor physical flood control and lacks of disaster and safety management. Therefore, it is necessary to establish systems to ensure safety and prepare practical countermeasures that can minimize damage when an inundation occurs, thereby minimizing economic loss and casualty. In this study, hydrodynamic inundation modelings were implemented to analyze the "Noryangjin reservoir inundation accident" and "Choryang No. 1 underground road inundation accident." and spatial risk was assessed by a quantitative hazard index. In addition, cause and effect diagrams were provided to present the risk causes in terms of physical and managemental aspects.