• Title/Summary/Keyword: Riparian restoration

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Reference information for realizing ecological restoration of river: A case study in the Bongseonsa stream

  • Park, Sung Ae;Kim, Gyung-Soon;Pee, Jung-Hun;Oh, Woo-Seok;Kim, Hye-Soo;Lee, Chang Seok
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.235-243
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    • 2013
  • In Korea, where the plain land is greatly deficient as a mountainous nation, most of riparian zones were transformed into agricultural fields and urban areas. Excessive use of the land, which is close to river, makes the rivers enduring severe pollution stresses. Disappearance of riparian buffer, which plays a function of filter in the riverside, appears as a main factor aggravating water pollution of rivers. In this respect, it is imperative to restore the lost riparian vegetation. This study found out restoration models of riparian vegetation from the Bongseonsa stream, which has remnant riparian vegetation patches as a conservation reserve. Feasible reference information applicable for restoration of riparian vegetation was shown in the species level in the order of herb, shrub, and tree and sub-tree zones as far away from the waterway. Those information could contribute to restoring integrate and healthy rivers and streams beyond simple landscaping differently from the other restoration projects when they will be applied to the restoration project to be carried out in the future. In addition, the spatial range of river and stream, background that riparian zone disappeared in Korea, and application plan of the obtained reference information were discussed.

Analysis of Ecohydrologic Characteristics based on Development of Riparian Zone (수변 식생대 조성에 따른 생태수문학적 특성 분석)

  • Kim, Nam Won;Kim, Jitae;Chung, Il Moon;Lee, Jeongwoo
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.910-915
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    • 2009
  • The ecohydrologic characteristics according to planting in riparian zone for the riparian restoration are analyzed in this research. The ecohydrologic components due to land use change in riparian zone from existing land cover to planted area such as pasture and wildrye are simulated in the test basin with the integrated SWAT-MODFLOW model. After analysis of change of the hydrologic properties such as surface flow, lateral flow, transpiration and soil water in riparian zone, it is revealed that soil water is one of the key factors and planting of wildrye can increase soil water in riparian zone. The simulation performance of the SWAT-MODFLOW model is validated in this study and it is expected that this model can be used to evaluate various riparian restoration scenarios.

Status of Riparian Vegetation and Implication for Restoration in the Seunggi Stream, Incheon (인천 승기천에서 하안식생의 현황과 복원 방안)

  • Cho, Kang-Hyun;Kim, Jaai;Lee, Hyo Hye Mi;Kwon, Oh Byung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.62-73
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    • 2001
  • The riparian environments of urban streams in Korea have been disturbed through the channelization for flood control and artificial land use as well as water pollution and flow decrease due to industrialization and urbanization. The flora and vegetation structure were investigated and an implication of stream restoration was discussed for the conservation of biodiversity in the riparian area of the Seunggi stream in Incheon. Naturalized plants and ruderal plants were widely distributed in the riparian area which was disturbed from cultivating, trampling, dumping etc. Submerged and floating hydrophytes were not found in the stream due to channelization and water pollution. Some halophytes were remained in downstream and reservoir after reclamation and embankment. The communities of Humulus japonicus, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Digitaria sanguinalis, Artemisia montana, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Aster pilosus were distributed in the disturbed area of bank slope and floodplain in the stream. As a natural potential vegetation, Phragmites australis in the wet meadow, Typha latifolia, Typha angustifolia, Oenanthe javanica, Persicaria thunbergii, and Penthorum chinense in the marsh, and Salix babylonica and Salix matsudana for. tortuosa in the woodland appeared in the floodplain. The topography in the stream played an important role on the distribution of riparian vegetation in the Seunggi stream. Appropriate methods for conservation and restoration of the riparian ecosystems must be planned on the basis of the actual vegetation in the disturbed urban stream.

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A Study on Change of Wild Bird Habitat Characteristics According to Riparian Forest Construction in Yangjae Stream, Seoul (서울 양재천 하천 숲 조성에 의한 야생조류 서식특성 변화 연구)

  • Yun, Suk-Hwan;Han, Bong-Ho;Choi, Jin-Woo;Yun, Ho-Keun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.97-110
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to provide basic data and evidence for the habitat improvement of wild birds in urban stream by analyzing changes in habitat characteristics of wild birds by riparian forest construction in Yangjae stream in Seoul. In Gangnam-gu, the multi layered riparian forest consisting of landscape trees and shrubs was formed on the slope. In Seocho-gu, the vertical vegetation structure of woody and herbaceous wetland plants was good. In Gangnam-gu, the vegetation area of the slope increased and the vertical stratification structure affected the species diversity of the forest birds. The number of species and individuals of plovers, sandpipers and wagtails decreased due to the impact of bicycle roads and trails. The poor forests on the levee slope in Seocho-gu affected the habitat selection and migration of the forest birds. The willows and amur silver-grasses formed in the riverside have been developed into the riparian forest, thus stabilizing the habitat of water birds by blocking disturbances from the influence of the trails.

The Establishment of Ecological Landscape Conservation and Restoration Sections for Urban Stream - Case studies of Jeonjucheon and Samcheon in Jeonju-si - (도시하천의 생태경관 보전 및 복원구역 설정에 관한 연구 - 전주시 전주천과 삼천을 중심으로 -)

  • Lim, Hyun-Jeong;Lee, Myung-Woo;Jeong, Moon-Sun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.73-92
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study is to establish the conservation and restoration areas for sustainable stream management by reflecting the ecological health, cultural characteristics, and the citizens' needs for stream uses. Therefore, we extended spatial ranges of stream evaluation to riparian areas in addition to stream sections. The evaluation indexes are stream naturalness, availability, biota assessment, and riparian characteristics such as land uses and legally protected areas. The grading system was unified with five classes. The spatial evaluation units for stream section are classified as right and left for laterally and 500m for longitudinally. For riparian areas, 30m and 100m of distance from the edge of stream are applied as spatial evaluation units. The six types of stream sections for management are conservation sections(priority/general) and restoration sections(priority/general) for ecological landscape and core and general sections for cultural landscape. The established system for evaluation and designating areas for stream management was applied to Jeonjucheon and Samcheon in Jeonju-si, and the conservation and restoration areas were designated reflecting the characteristics of urban and non-urban areas and left and right of stream sections. The results of this study will provide detailed guidelines for designating stream sections and practical management strategies for sustainable urban stream management.

A Study on the Management and Improvement of Purchased Land in the Youngsan·Seomjin-River Riparian Area - Focusing on the Suncheon City Region - (영산강·섬진강 수계 수변구역 매수토지의 관리 현황 및 개선 방안 - 순천시 지역을 중심으로 -)

  • Byon, Seong-Soo;Lee, Sang-Houck
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.69-77
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    • 2012
  • This study observes the purchased lands in riparian areas of Suncheon City region and proposes a reasonable management method. For the study, the site surveying and analysis on the neglected purchased lands is executed, then, based on the site analysis result, the appropriate management method for each neglected purchased land is established. Each management method is approached from the ecological restoration perspective. According to site surveying and analysis of the neglected purchased lands, most of the sites were bare and agricultural lands. The reason for this is thought to be as when purchasing a land, the areas with higher nonpoint source pollution are bought preferentially. As for the dominant species coverage, 26% ($364,000m^2$) of the total neglected purchased land area in Sucheon City was covered with the dominated species, and for the exotic species coverage, 17% ($232,000m^2$) of the total neglected purchased land area in Sucheon City was covered with the exotic species. The survey site constituted of five different invasive species such as Japanese Hop (Humulus japonicus), Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron annuus), and Evening Primrose (Oenothera odorata). As for the natural succession on site, about 47% of the area showed poor natural succession process. The reason for this outcome is understood as having a lack of appropriate management for purchased lands. Based on the site surveying and analysis, especially the current management state of the and its location, the research site was categorized into preservation, restoration, and improvement sites. During the establishment of the ecological riparian belt, the comprehensive management for preservation, restoration, and improvement of the purchased lands should be executed.

Development of evaluation indicators for riparian restoration with biodiversity consideration (생물다양성 확보를 위한 하안 복원 평가지표 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Eun-Young;Choi, Jae-Yong;Kim, Hyoun-Sook
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.325-330
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    • 2011
  • In order to revive the ecological function of degraded rivers, a total restoration plan for riverbeds and riparians needs to be developed. Previous evaluations for rivers were mainly focused on the river's physical structures. Therefore, this research has developed indicators to evaluate a riparian restoration considering biodiversity. Through literature and previous cases review, 4 fields and 13 indicators are selected for the evaluation. Four fields are biodiversity, habitat diversity, connectivity and habitat functionality. In the biodiversity field, 4 indicators of the exuberant extent of herbaceous vegetation and their diversity, the exuberant extent of shrub and woody plants and their diversity, the number of plant communities and naturalized plants are included. Habitat diversity are comprised of 4 indicators of the longitudinal continuity of vegetation, the mixture of plant communities, the extent of plant type color fruit abundance and the distribution of vegetation. Connectivity includes 3 indicators of target distribution, the shore slope of low water channels and the extent of artificial embankment materials. Habitat functionality has 2 indicators of the status of food supply plants and the habitat functionality. The value weighting for the fields and indicators has been calculated based on the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. 50 experts were surveyed with quantifiable questionnaire, among them 43 experts have more than 10 yesrs experiences in the nature restoration field. The selected and weighted indicators have been tested to the 12 sections in Gap stream located in Daejeon. In conclusion, the indicators are feasible and the selected indicators could be used to establish the direction and objectives of riparian restoration.

Application of Landscape Ecology to Watershed Management : How can We Restore Ecological Functions in Fragmented landscape\ulcorner (유역관리에서 경관생태학의 응용 : 절개된 경관의 생태적 기능을 어떻게 회복시킬 수 있을까\ulcorner)

  • Nakamura, Futoshi
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.373-382
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    • 1998
  • This paper describes the ecological structure and function of riparian zone, and their historical changes with land-use. The riparian zone consists of valley floor landform and riparian vegetation. The functions discussed are attenuation of sunlight energy, input of leaves and needles, contribution of woody debris to streams, and retention of flowing material out of transport. These primary functions directly or indirectly influence water and sediment qualities of streams, bars and floodplains, and thereby aquatic biota. Temporal changes in a hydrological system and riparian ecosystem were examined with reference to land-use conversin in order to understand the linkages between these two systems in Toikanbetsu River. The influences of channelization and land-use on discharge of suspended sediment and wetland vegetation was also investigated in Kushiro Marsh. These two examples suggested that the ecological functions of riparian zone have been degraded as flood control and reclamation works have expanded in the past twenty years The author proposes river restoration planning by preserving or creating landscape elements based on the concepts of sustaining physical and ecological linkages.

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A Review and Understanding of Stream Corridor Restoration (수변(水邊) 복원(復元)의 이해와 외국의 관련 가이드라인의 검토)

  • Woo, Hyo-Seop;Kim, Seong-Tae
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.126-144
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    • 2000
  • The river environment of many streams in Korea has been deteriorated through the rapid industrialization and urbanization since the early 1960s. Deterioration includes single-purpose channel works for flood control and dense riparian land uses such even as the covering of the channel, as well as water pollution. As a result, many streams have lost their precious river environment such as ecological habitat, river friendliness and riparian scenery. In the early 1990s, however, the necessity of restoring those channelized streams was felt among the river engineers as well as environmentalists in Korea. This article describes a summary of the literature review of the stream restoration guidelines and relevant publication including those published in Japan, Europe and USA. A special focus is on the Stream Corridor Restoration, which was recently in the USA in 1998. First, the meaning and background of stream restoration is reviewed. Last, a draft of the contents of the stream restoration guideline, which is being developed by the authors and their colleagues, is briefly introduced.

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Temporal and spatial variations of vegetation in a riparian zone of South Korea

  • Park, Hyekyung;Kim, Jae Geun
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.62-71
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    • 2020
  • Understanding vegetation structure and the relationship with environmental factors has been crucial for restoration and conservation of riparian zones. In this study, we conducted field survey in a riparian zone of Namhan River in South Korea both before and after flooding in order to understand temporal and spatial variations of riparian vegetation. There were significant temporal and spatial variations in species composition, and distribution patterns of vegetation were different along a gradient of elevation above the water level. At low elevation, Zizania latifolia was dominant throughout the field survey periods, and Bidens frondosa began to grow late and dominated both in post-flooding 1 and 2. Prior to flooding, Scirpus radicans and Polygonum thunbergii were widely distributed at middle elevation, while Artemisia vulgaris, Phragmites australis, and Miscanthus sacchariflorus were dominant at high elevation. After flooding, P. thunbergii was dominant at middle elevation with most other species decreasing, and more invasive or pioneer plants, including Artemisia princeps, H. scandens, and Sicyos angulatus, were observed at high elevation. Species composition and distribution patterns were homogeneous at low elevation, whereas dynamic variations of vegetation were observed both temporally and spatially at higher elevations. Elevation and distance from the water front were the most principal factors governing vegetation structure. Furthermore, soil physicochemical properties were also found to determine species composition and distribution patterns. These results indicate that vegetation structure in the riparian zones is formed by the combined effects of hydrological regime and soil physicochemical properties, inherent characteristics of species, and interspecific competition. Understanding of temporal and spatial variations of riparian vegetation may provide useful insights into ecological restoration and conservation of the vegetation within the riparian zones.