• 영어영문학
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.3-25
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• 2011

As extremes of climate such as heavy storms, rainfalls, and droughts tend to be routine in recent years, global climate change becomes a serious concern not only for natural scientists but also for scholars of the human sciences. Efforts to tackle the anthropogenic climate change certainly require not only scientific knowledge about it but also a new sociocultural paradigm for valorizing and respecting nature in its own right. The huge casualties and mass destruction caused by recent climate disasters also remind us that nature has been an important factor to bring about changes in human history-a fact largely ignored in traditional history. This again validates the ecocritical request to prioritize place, physical setting, or the relationship characters hold with the natural world in understanding literary works. In this context this paper aims to demonstrate the importance of the meteorological vision in creating as well as understanding literary and cultural texts by examining such works as Shelley's "The Cloud," Byron's "Darkness," Keats's "To Autumn," all produced during the period of dramatic climate change including "the year without summer." It also briefly discusses Roland Emmerich's 2004 movie The Day after Tomorrow as a way of understanding recent cultural responses to the crisis of global warming.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.149-164
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• 2014

The laws and policies governing Korea's game regulations are becoming more and more topics for debate as we enter the Age of Internet. The nature of the basis for Internet regulations and policies are not rooted in freedom of speech or fundamental values of democracy, but rather focused on solving real-world problems such as protection of the youth. Furthermore, the reality is that regulatory devices for keeping the social order such as regulating gambling are being applied directly to games without consideration on the characteristics of Internet gaming, raising concerns that the expansion of constitutional values and innovative empowerment inherent to the Internet are being weakened. The Geun-Hye Park Administration which succeeded Myung-Bak Lee's Administration, even went so far as to implement the so-called "Shutdown Policy", which prohibits access to Internet games during pre-defined time zones and also instigated a time zone selection rule. In order to curb the gambling nature of Internet games, government-led policies such as the mandatory personal identification and prohibition of player selection or in other words mandatory random player selection are being implemented. These institutions can inhibit freedom of speech, which is the basis of democracy, violate the right of equality through unreasonable discrimination between domestic and foreign service providers, and infringe upon the principles of administrative law, such as laws, due process in policies, and balance in among policies and governmental bodies. Going forward, if Korea's Internet game regulations and polices is to develop in a rational manner, regulatory frameworks will need to be designed to protect the nature of the Internet and its innovative values that enable the realization of constitutional values; for example, the Internet acting as the "catalytic media for freedom of expression as a fundamental human right ", which has already been acknowledged by the Korea's Constitutional Court. At the same time, transparent procedures should be put into place that will allow diverse participation of stakeholders including game service providers, game users, the youth and parents in the legislation and enforcement process of regulatory institutions; policies will also need to be transformed to enable not only regulatory laws but also self-regulation system to be established. And in this process, scientific and empirical analysis on the expected effects before introducing regulations and the results of enforcing regulations after being introduced will need to be strengthened.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.2084-2094
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• 2021

Delta-form-based methods for solving high order spatial discretization schemes are introduced into the reactor S_N transport equation. Due to the nature of the delta-form, the final numerical accuracy only depends on the residuals on the right side of the discrete equations and have nothing to do with the parts on the left side. Therefore, various high order spatial discretization methods can be easily adopted for only the transport term on the right side of the discrete equations. Then the simplest step or other robust schemes can be adopted to discretize the increment on the left hand side to ensure the good iterative convergence. The delta-form framework makes the sweeping and iterative strategies of various high order spatial discretization methods be completely the same with those of the traditional S_N codes, only by adding the residuals into the source terms. In this paper, the flux limiter method and weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme are used for the verification purpose to only show the advantages of the introduction of delta-form-based solving methods and other high order spatial discretization methods can be also easily extended to solve the S_N transport equations. Numerical solutions indicate the correctness and effectiveness of delta-form-based solving method.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.174-178
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• 1995

Granulomatous mastitis is a rare inflammatory breast lesion, usually presented with rapidly enlarging palpable mass in young parous women and can simulate carcinoma. Unnecessary surgical procedure can be avoided if the nature of the lesion were defined by fine needle aspiratio(FNA) cytology. We experienced a case of bilateral granulomatous mastitis diagnosed by FNA cytology. The patient was a 31-year-old woman with one month history of a rapidly enlarging mass in the left breast, considered clinically to be malignant. After 4 years, she presented with a palpable mass in the right breast. The FNA cytology smears contained numerous aggregates of epithelioid histiocytes admixed with Langhans' and foreign body giant cells, lymphoytes, neutrophils and apoptotic debris leading to a diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis. The subsequent lumpectomy of the left breast confirmed the diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis. The FNA cytology smears from right breast showed identical cytologic findings.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.721-738
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• 2012

The Internet has become an increasingly important source for finding the right employees, so more and more companies post their job openings on the Web. The large amount and dynamic nature of career recruiting information causes information overload problems for job seekers. To assist Internet users in searching for the right job, a range of research and commercial systems were developed over the past 10 years. Surprisingly, the majority of existing job search systems support just one, rarely two ways of information access. In contrast, our work focused on exploring a value of comprehensive access to job information in a single system (i.e., a system which supports multiple ways). We designed Proactive, a recommendation system providing comprehensive and personalized information access. To assist the varied needs of users, Proactive has four information retrieval methods - a navigable list of jobs, keyword-based search, implicit preference-based recommendations, and explicit preference-based recommendations. This paper introduces the Proactive and reports the results of a study focusing on the experimental evaluation of these methods. The goal of the study was to assess whether all of the methods are necessary for users to find relevant jobs and to what extent different methods can meet different users' information requirements.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

Under the influence of birth control and rapid urbanization, China's rural school-age population is on a year-by-year decrease, which has led approximately 300 thousand middle and primary schools to idleness ever since 2000. A majority of these idle schools are located in rural areas, almost one half remaining idle due to vagueness in property right. The disposed schools are less efficient for not being combined with the real situation of rural areas. Based on the opportunity of coordinative development of urban-rural areas, this paper analyzes the situationsin terms of the development of public service facilities and the gap between rural and urban areas over the recent years. Then the effective and sustainable reuse scheme to dispose of the idle schools and reshape them into the facilities for the elders, cultural facilities and medical facilities is proposed from the perspectives of perfecting rural public service facilities and guaranteeing citizens' equal share of public service, which both maintains the public nature of the idle schools, reconciles the fuzzy property right, and boosts efficiency of reuse, saves resources, and reduces investment for perfecting rural public facilities.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.252-256
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• 2009

Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is a rare congenital tumor that occurs mostly in 5-15 year old children. There have been only 5 cases previously reported that described the cystic nature within these tumors. We present a case of a MA accompanied by a separate macrocyst. A normally developed 2 year-old female patient presented with partial and generalized seizures. The brain computerized tomogram and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of a calcified mass accompanied by a cyst in the right parietal area, surrounded by low density and high attenuation edema and hemorrhage. Upon right parietal craniotomy, a $1.6cm{\times}1.2cm{\times}0.5cm$ sized plate-like, gray-white, slightly hard mass was seen and it was completely excised. Approximately 1 cm from the mass in the anterior lateral direction, a cyst was found and subsequent biopsy of the cyst wall revealed no tumor tissue, and therefore the cyst was not removed. Pathologic report demonstrated the meningioangiomatosis. Follow up examination 2 years later showed no recurrence of the tumor, and there was no evidence of neurological deficits. Authors suggest that cysts that arise in the surrounding tissues of tumors may not be tumor cysts, and do not require surgical removal.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2013

Objectives Two conflicting readings of "Donguisusebowon" so far have been presented that Sasang Constitutional Medicine inherited the traditional Five Elements theory and that it was a new perspective on its own right. The main purpose of this paper is to review the theoretical ground of Sasang Constitutional Medicine to see whether it has inherited the Traditional Korean Medicine, and show that it had been developed as an original view independent of the Five Elements theory. Methods To do this, I inquired into the theoretical background of Sasang Constitutional Medicine as well as its philosophical premises and its leading ideas. Results and Conclusions As a result, I have found that Sasang Constitutional Medicine is an original medical theory developed in empirical terms on its own right, divorced from the transcendental view of the Five Elements theory, while borrowing some concepts from I-Ching and Neo-Confucianism only for technical tools. In short, Sasang Constitutional Medicine may well be put as calling for a reappraisal of the Han-medical and Confucian accounts of human being, and a transition from speculative method based on the Five Elements theory to a verifiable empirical method. In this vein, my reading of Sasang Constitutional Medicine in empirical perspective may well be appraised as presenting a new way to further inquiries into the theoretical nature of it, and to getting itself across with Western medicine as well.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.111-129
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• 2014

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the disputes concerning the 1982 moratorium on commercial whaling and the standing rights of other natural objects. Basically, the debates has arisen from the very nature of whales and other natural resources, that is to say, a mixed good of consumptive and non-use value. The debates between pro- and anti-moratorium states regarding whaling may not find out a peaceful solution without compromise or negotiation since any international institution for official settlements does not exist. If the pro-states could provide anti-states with a certain type of economic incentive which is side payments, anti-states might offer self-restraint not to whale. Here, it would be considered to apply Kaldor-Hicks compensation principles to this problem. Since 1965, some countries such as the United States and Japan began to recognize the standing right of natural objects. Even though rejected, the newt case in Korea was brought to the Supreme Court. If a standard of living increases significantly to a higher level(i.e. more than per capita income US$30,000), there would be a tendency of valuing natural objects and their beauty more and more highly.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2012

The lacks of local workforce supply become a problematic in Malaysian construction industry. Meanwhile, HRP is important during workforce supply to help organizations in order to appoint the right people in the right job. This paper reports on the use of factors influencing HRP towards local workforce supply in the construction industry in general, and Malaysian construction in particular. Semi structured interviews were conducted to 10 interviewees from the government and non-government organizations to investigate current issues of local workforce and the practices of HRP in the construction organization. The analysis methods were based on descriptions of previous tested research. The findings reveal that the lack of local workforce is due to low wages system, safety issues, educational changes, low status and unsecured work, environment in construction industry, developments and technologies changes in Malaysia. The internal factors of HRP were practiced among construction organization are organization strategy, organizational culture, organization changes, leadership and experience, nature of work and empowerment of labor. Meanwhile, the external factors are technology changes, economic changes, legislation and demographic changes. The paper provides valuable information on the practices of factors influencing HRP for local workforce supply in Malaysian construction industry.