• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the architectural publicness of Hague city hall by Richard Meier. The Hague city hall shows the systematic and comprehensive configuration of architectural publicness. Meier applied publicness to the city hall from concept and the configuration of space to object design. Architectural publicness of Hague city hall can be realized by providing large public space including atrium, programs about public events, linear space for street activities and the lower location of public facilities in the city hall without the limitation of weather, lime and size of space. Architectural publicness can obtain its real meaning when physical conditions meet the standard of public activities. Besides this, the Hague city hall case shows the desirable role model of city administrator and NGOs in that public events are organized by the independent body. The publicness of architecture is influenced by various factors including physical and political systems. The case study of the architectural publicness is very important in that it is very hard to generalize. In these basis, the study for architectural publicness can be complemented by concrete and positive case studies as well as existing humane and general studies.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.38-39
• /
• 2003

To evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcome of the patients with disseminated pilocytic astrocytoma compared to non-disseminated disease and to discuss treatment options for disseminated disease. We Identified patients with disseminated pilocytic astrocytoma from our Tumor Registry over 21 years of period and reviewed medical records and neuroimages to determine location of the tumor, pattern of dissemination, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome. 24 controls without dissemination, matched for age at diagnosis, tumor histology, and primary location were selected from the same registry and case/control comparison was done using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.251-258
• /
• 2013

Space and figure are formed not by themselves but by the existence of light. It is important that plays a role as an intermediary of cognition which enables the formation of space and figure through Human's recognition in the process of design. Human perceive space and identity every basic form by the contrast of light and dark. The existence of light is very inclusive concept in the space, so space and form are completed by light. The change of based on time, place, and its amount acts as an important element Which can change the form of Space. In Space light doesn't work simply as light itself, but have a very close relation with Space, Form, Structure, Material, Color elements, Space is limited by physical form but human perceive space relatively by many other conditions, So same space can be experienced differently by the characters of light. Human can recognized and observe an object in the space as he processes information collected through light. In this process light make it possible for human to see the shape in space. therefore, the shape of space can get meanings when light exists. the space recognized by light is the mean that activates human activates in space.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.11
• /
• pp.4837-4844
• /
• 2016

Objectives: To describe the survival experience of cervix cancer patients in a screened rural population in India. Methods: Included 558 cervical cancer patients diagnosed in 2000-2013 in a cohort of 100,258 women invited for screening during 2000-2003. The primary end point was death from cervical cancer. We used the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate cumulative observed survival and Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the effect of patient characteristics on survival after diagnosis. Results: Of the 558 cases included, 143 (26%) and 114 (20%) were diagnosed in stages IA and IB respectively; 252 (45.2%) were dead, and 306 (54.8%) were alive at the last follow-up. The overall 5-year observed survival was 60.5%. The 5-year survival of stage IA patients was 95.1% and 5.3% for stage IV patients. All surgically treated stage IA patients, 94.1% of stage IB patients receiving intracavitary radiotherapy, 62% of stage IIB, 49% of stage III and 25% of stage IV patients receiving radiotherapy survived for 5 years. Conclusion: Higher 5-year survival in our study than elsewhere in India is due to the high proportion of early stage cancers detected by screening combined with adequate treatment, resulting into a favourable prognosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.1105-1109
• /
• 2012

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women in India and the disease burden is increasing annually. The lack of awareness initiatives, structured screening, and affordable treatment facilities continue to result in poor survival. We present a breast cancer survival scenario, in urban population in India, where standardised care is distributed equitably and free of charge through an employees' healthcare scheme. We studied 99 patients who were treated at our hospital during the period 2005 to 2010 and our follow-up rates were 95.95%. Patients received evidence-based standardised care in line with the tertiary cancer centre in Mumbai. One-, three- and five-year survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. Socio-demographic, reproductive and tumor factors, relevant to survival, were analysed. Mortality hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard method. Survival in this series was compared to that in registries across India and discrepancies were discussed. Patients mean age was 56 years, mean tumor size was 3.2 cms, 85% of the tumors belonged to T1 and T2 stages, and 45% of the patients belonged to the composite stages I and IIA. Overall 5-year survival was 74.9%. Patients who presented with large-sized tumors (HR 3.06; 95% CI 0.4-9.0), higher composite stage (HR 1.91; 0.55-6.58) and undergone mastectomy (HR 2.94; 0.63-13.62) had a higher risk of mortality than women who had higher levels of education (HR 0.25; 0.05-1.16), although none of these results reached the significant statistical level. We observed 25% better survival compared to other Indian populations. Our results are comparable to those from the European Union and North America, owing to early presentation, equitable access to standardised free healthcare and complete follow-up ensured under the scheme. This emphasises that equitable and affordable delivery of standardised healthcare can translate into early presentation and better survival in India.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.13
• /
• pp.5237-5242
• /
• 2015

Background: Socioeconomic factors are associated with screening in terms of reducing the risk of cervical cancer. This study aimed to clearly establish the effect of screening on variation in socio-economic factor-specific survival estimates. Materials and Methods: Survival estimates were calculated using the life table method for 165 women from the routine care control arm and 67 from the visual inspection with acetic acid screening arm diagnosed with cervical cancer during 2000-2006 in rural south India. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted to compare the variation in survival by socioeconomic factors. Results: Whereas there was a significant variation in survival estimates of the different categories of age at diagnosis among the screen-detected cancers with women aged<50 years having an improved survival, no significant variation was noted among women diagnosed with cervical cancer from the control arm. Compared to the variation among the cancer cases detected in the unscreened control group, screening widened the variation in survival estimates by age and type of house, and reduced the variation by education. The direction of the magnitude of the survival estimates was reversed within the different categories of occupation, marital status and household income in the screen-detected cancer cases compared to control group cancer cases. Also, women diagnosed with stage 1 disease had a very good survival. Conclusions: Screening changed the pattern of survival by socio-economic factors. We found improved survival rates in screened women aged <50 years, with no formal education, manual workers and married women.