• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.900-904
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• 2004

현미의 수화속도를 개선하여 조리적성을 향상시키기 위해 0, 1, 3, 5kGy로 감마선을 조사한 후 수분흡수속도, 이화학적 특성 및 호화특성을 조사하였다. 현미의 수분흡수량은 수침온도 ($20-50^{\circ}C$)와 감마선 조사선량이 증가할 수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 수침온도 $50^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 0 kGy와 1 kGy의 수분 흡수량은 큰 차이가 없었지만 5 kGy 조사구는 수침액 중에 가용성성분의 용출로 인해 오히려 수분흡수량이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. Amylograph에 의해 측정된 peak viscosity, setback, breakdown 및 consistency는 감마선 조사선량이 증가하면서 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. Thermogravimetric analyzer에 의한 열중량분석 결과는 감마선 조사에 의해 고온 ($300^{\circ}C$ 이상)에서의 수분증발이 촉진되는 것으로 조사되었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.381-386
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• 2009

We previously showed that the water extracts of rice wine-baked Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (RWBS) ameliorated colonic inflammation more than crude Scutellaria baicalensis (CS) after oral administration. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of rectal and oral administration of RWBS in the experimental colitis. Experimental colitis was induced in mice by daily treatment with 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in the drinking water for 7 days. Water was used as vehicle of oral administration, while Carbopol/PEG mucoadhesive gel was used as vehicle of rectal administration. RWBS and RWBS gel (RWBSG) were administered once per day for 7 days. RWBS and RWBSG significantly attenuated the disease activity index (DAI) calculated as the sum of scores of body weight loss, stool consistency and rectal bleeding. Furthermore, RWBS and RWBSG reduced the mucosal myeloperoxidase activity and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) expression in colon tissue. Anti-inflammatory effect of CS on colonic inflammation was increased by baking with rice wine in both oral and rectal administration. Moreover, anti-inflammatory effects of oral administration on colonic inflammation was greater than those of rectal administration. Further study would be required for the development of intra-rectal formulation.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1982

수도(水稻)의 숙기(熟期) 차이(差異)가 잡초(雜草)와의 경쟁력(競爭力)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 알기 위해 통일형(統一型) 품종중(品種中)에서 숙기(熟期) 차이(差異)가 약(約) 12일(日)인 통일(統一)과 영남조생(嶺南早生)을 공시(供試)하여 30${\times}$15cm, 40${\times}$(10${\times}$10cm), 10${\times}$10 cm의 재식거리(裁植距離)로 1980년(年) 농촌진흥청(農村振興廳) 영남작물시험장(嶺南作物試驗場) 시험포장(試驗圃場)에서 포장시험(圃場試驗)으로 실시(實施)하였던 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 무제초구(無除草區)의 잡초발생량(雜草發生量)은 두 품종(品種) 다같이 밀식구(密植區)인 10${\times}$10cm구(區)에서 가장 적었고 30${\times}$15 cm 구(區)와 40${\times}$(10${\times}$10 cm)구(區) 간(間)에는 차이(差異)가 없었다. 또한 제초방법간(除草方法間)에는 10${\times}$10cm구(區)에서만 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되지 않았고 30${\times}$15 cm구(區)와 40${\times}$(10${\times}$10 cm)구(區)에서는 무제초구(無除草區)의 잡초발생량(雜草發生量)이 월등히 많았다. 2. 벼 수량(收量)은 손 제초구(除草區)에서는 두 품종(品種) 다같이 재식거리간(裁植距離間)의 차이(差異)가 없었으나 무제초(無除草)의 경우에는 10 ${\times}$ 10cm 구(區)에서만 손제초구(除草區)와 수량차이(收量差異)가 없었고 40 ${\times}$ 15cm 구(區)와 40 ${\times}$ (10 ${\times}$ 10cm) 구(區)에서는 잡초발생(雜草發生)에 의(依)해 손제초구(除草區)보다 10a 당(當)100 kg 이상(以上) 감소(減少)되었다. 3. 수도(水稻) 수량(收量)과 잡초발생량(雜草發生量) 간(間)에는 두 품종(品種) 다 같이 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었는데 (통일(統一); Y = 5.68 - 0.0127X, r=-0.814$^*$, 영남조생(嶺南早生): Y = 0.04 - 0.0134 X, r=-0.9704$^{**}$), 수량감소(收量減少) 정도(程度)는 조생종(早生種)인 영남조생(嶺南早生)이 통일(統一)보다 잡초발생(雜草發生)에 의(依)한 수량감소율(收量減少率)이 약간 높은 편이었는데 수량감소율(收量減少率)이 50% 예상(豫想)되는 잡초발생량(雜草發生量)은 영남조생(嶺南早生) 188.2 g/$m^2$, 통일(統一) 223.6g/$m^2$였다. 4. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로 미루어 보아 잡초(雜草)와의 경쟁력(競爭力)은 조생종(早生種)인 영남조생(嶺南早生)보다 숙기(熟期)가 이보다 약(約) 12일(日) 늦은 통일(統一)이 약간 높은 것으로 인정(認定)되었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1193-1199
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• 1966

More stable and higher yields in rice paddy depend mainly upon an adequately balanced supply of water for higher yield. Rice paddy is supplied naturally by rainfall but inevitably requires artificial supplenental irrigation for higher yields. Even though it may be true that the water requirement of rice plants is generally higher than those of other crops, the submerged condition is not necessarily required for rice. The moisture requirements of rice vary according to its growing stages and it is possible to increse the irrigation efficiency by means of lessening the loss due to percolation and evapolation in the field. This experiment was conducted on the effect of the various amount of water supply and different irrigation periods for yield and yield components, and was carried out to find out the most suitable irrigation method and to increase the irrigation efficiency for higher yields in rice paddy. Randomized block design with 3 replications was employed where the 3 levels of the amount of irrigation water; (120% moisture contents), unirrigated (90~100%) and more un irrigated candition (80~90% moisture content), and levels of the various irrigation periods; usual, initial, intermediate and final periods, being treated. The results obtained in this experiment are as follows: 1. As for the physical and chemical and soil properfies, and other characteristics, there are no differences among the treatments enough to be effective for the growth of rice plants. 2. Culm length was measured after harvest as shown in table 2. 3. Difference of the amount of irrigation water did not change the culm length and ear length, however it also indicated more apparent increase in final treatment plots thatn that of usual. 3. No difference in the number of ears and number of ears pers per hill was founded treatments both in the difference of water supply and in the various irrigation periods. 4. There is no difference in the maturing rate and 1000 grains weight. 5. The number of panicles and grains and more increased in 80~100% moisture contents soil than those of 120%. and it shows in un irrigated plots, more irrigated plots and control plots in turn. Other wise according to the period\ulcorner of irrigation the trend is appeared in turn initial, usual, final and intermediate treatments.6. Yield as shown in table 7. 8 was more increased in unirrigated plots(90~IOO% moisture content) than the control plots (120% moisture content) by up to 8.2% and also 3. 2% in more unirrigated plots than that of control by periods is shown: usual plots final, initial, inter mediate treatment plots in turn. 7. The above resutts lead to the conclusion that no remarkable, differences in yields and soil properties are made by the unirrigation. However, it is apparent that this treatment has .some advantages in the points that one could spare the amount of water supply for irrigation with more increase in yield. In addition, a higher temperature and a brisk oxygen supply would be possible throug h this treatments. Accordingly, these treatment would be a more reasonable and economical cultivation method of rice for the better harvest.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.108-115
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• 1989

1987년(年) 국제미작연구소(國際米作硏究所)(IRRI)에서 수도품종(水稻品種) IR64, 육도품종(陸稻品種) UPLRi-5와 필리핀산(産) 피 3종류(種類)를 공시(供試)하여 종자발아성(種子發芽性)과 유묘발달(幼苗發達) 양상(樣相)을 비교(比較)하기 위해 질산(窒酸) 0.1N 용액(溶液)으로 휴안타파(休眼打破)시킨후 $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$ 암상태(暗狀態)에서 발아시럼(發芽試驗)을 실시(實施)하였다. ${\cdots}$ 벼품종(品種)은 시험(試驗)된 온도범위(溫度範圍)에서는 온도간(溫度間) 차이(差異)가 없이 90% 이상(以上)의 높은 발아율(發芽率)을 보인데 반(反)해 피는 종류(種類)에 따라 10~80% 발아율(發芽率)을 보였다. 3종류(種類)의 피중(中)에서 Echinochloa crus-galli ssp. hispidula(물피 일종)는 가장 낮은 발아율(發芽率)을 보였으며 $25^{\circ}C$에서 약(約) 45%, 그 이상(以上)의 온도(溫度)에서는 20% 이하(以下)의 발아율(發芽率)을 보였다. 다른 두피는 70% 이상(以上)의 발아율(發芽率)을 보였고 온도별(溫度別)로는 E. glabressens(강피일종)는 고온(高溫)($35^{\circ}C$)에서 발아(發芽)가 약간 억제(抑制)되었고 E. colona(돌피 일종)는 온도간(溫度間) 차이(差異)는 없었다. ${\cdots}$ 벼와 피 다같이 유아(幼芽)와 유근(幼根) 발달(發達)이 경과(經過)되면서 종자(種子)의 무게는 점차(漸次) 감소(減少)되었으나 유아(幼芽)와 유근(幼根)의 발달(發達)은 종자(種子)무게 감소(減少)를 완전(完全) 보상(補償)하지는 못하였다. ${\cdots}$ 피의 유근(幼根)은 유아(幼芽)의 반대(反對) 부위(部位)에서 발달(發達)하였으나 벼는 유근(幼根)과 유아(幼芽)가 같은 부위(部位)에서 발달(發達)하였다. ${\cdots}$ 벼의 제(第)1엽(葉)은 불완전엽(不完全葉)으로 엽신(葉身)과 엽록소(葉綠素)가 없으나 피의 제(第)1엽(葉)은 엽신(葉身)과 엽초의 뚜렷한 구분(區分)은 없으나 엽록소(葉綠素)를 가진 엽신(葉身)모양의 잎을 가지고 있었다. 발앙속도(發芽速度)와 제(第)1엽(葉)의 생리(生理), 생태적(生態的) 특성(特性)으로 볼때 유묘(幼苗)의 독립(獨立) 생장(生長)을 영위(營爲)해 나갈수 있는 최소한(最少限)의 기간(期間)이 피가 벼보다 2~3일(日)빨랐다.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2018

본 논문은 곡물의 수확후 이력관리를 위하여 미곡종합처리장(RPC, Rice processing complex)에서 곡물의 반입, 건조, 저장 및 가공공정에서의 변화하는 중량 및 함수율 정보를 실시간으로 측정하고 모니터링이 가능한 IT기반의 이력관리시스템을 개발하였다. 곡물의 반입, 건조, 저장 및 가공 등 수확후 처리공정에서 반입 및 배출과정에서 중량 및 함수율 정보를 실시간으로 수집하고 이를 기반으로 수율 및 감모와 같은 품질정보를 DB sever에 저장하였다. 이 때의 Lot No를 생성하여 품질 및 이력정보를 연계하여 이력관리가 가능한 시스템을 구축할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 또한, MMI(Man Machine Interface)기반의 자동제어시스템과 자동수율 및 재고관리 시스템(YICS)과 TCP/IP통신을 이용하여 곡물을 대상으로 한 IT 기반의 이력관리시스템을 구축하였으며, 미곡종합처리장에서 시뮬레이션을 통해 검증을 수행하였다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1038-1048
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• 2021

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of storage time and formic acid (FA) on fermentation characteristics, epiphytic microflora, carbohydrate components and in vitro digestibility of rice straw silage. Methods: Fresh rice straw was ensiled with four levels of FA (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% of fresh weight) for 3, 6, 9, 15, 30, and 60 d. At each time point, the silos were opened and sampled for chemical and microbial analyses. Meanwhile, the fresh and 60-d ensiled rice straw were further subjected to in vitro analyses. Results: The results showed that 0.2% and 0.6% FA both produced well-preserved silages with low pH value and undetected butyric acid, whereas it was converse for 0.4% FA. The populations of enterobacteria, yeasts, moulds and aerobic bacteria were suppressed by 0.2% and 0.6% FA, resulting in lower dry matter loss, ammonia nitrogen and ethanol content (p<0.05). The increase of FA linearly (p<0.001) decreased neutral detergent fibre and hemicellulose, linearly (p<0.001) increased residual water soluble carbohydrate, glucose, fructose and xylose. The in vitro gas production of rice straw was decreased by ensilage but the initial gas production rate was increased, and further improved by FA application (p<0.05). No obvious difference of FA application on in vitro digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent fibre was observed (p>0.05). Conclusion: The 0.2% FA application level promoted lactic acid fermentation while 0.6% FA restricted all microbial fermentation of rice straw silages. Rice straw ensiled with 0.2% FA or 0.6% FA improved its nutrient preservation without affecting digestion, with the 0.6% FA level best.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2014

The effect of different turnover time of water on the decomposition of emergent macrophyte litter (Zizania latifolia Griseb.) was investigated using a microcosm experiment. Microcosm treatment represented different turnover time of water; 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The litterbags from each treatment were retrieved every 2 weeks until the 8th week and the water simultaneously sampled with the litterbag. The dry weight and the content of major cations in the litter, and the content of available N, P, and major cations in the water were analyzed. Dry weight loss after 8 weeks indicated the lower decay rates under the condition of short turnover time of water. Major cations from the litter and the water showed that the leached amounts of K and Mg from the litter were highest in the 2nd week and dramatically decreased from the 4th week. The dynamics of available nitrogen and phosphorus in the water showed that as the water turnover time was getting longer, the amounts of available nitrogen and phosphorus remained higher. These results suggest that wetlands with longer turnover time of water could maintain the increased nitrogen and phosphorus and no outflow of the nutrients could cause eutrophication problem.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.555-565
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• 1993

The studies on the liver fluke of Korea have been reviewed. The fluke is Fasciola hepatica. Its intermediate host is Lymnaea biridis, whose principal habitats are rice paddies. The first fascioliasis of Korean native(beef) cattle was reported in 1915. Bovine fascioliasis is present throughout the conuntry, including north Korea, with the average prevalence of 30%. The prevalence of the disease is about the same in dairy cattle, which have been imported from other countries since 1960s. The disease was also found in Korea in other species of animals such as sheep, goats, deer of zoo and farms, and guinea pigs of a laboratory. Human fascioliasis was reported ; 35 cases by fecal examination and 11 by both parasitology and pathology. Of the latter 11 cases, 5 were ectopic parasitism. Economic loss due to the reduced carcass weight and milk production, and liver condemnation was great. Almost all flukicides developed in other countries are commercially available in Korea.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2021

볍씨 종자의 최아정도 및 최아 손상정도에 따른 출현율 및 초기생육변화를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 볍씨 최아 길이가 길수록 출현율은 다소 감소하였으며 생육온도가 18℃ 이상으로 높을수록 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 2. 최아 길이가 길수록 초장신장 속도가 감소하였으며 생육온도가 21℃ 이상으로 높을 시 최아길이 3 mm에서 초장이 크게 감소하였다. 3. 최아길이에 따른 엽수변화는 없었으나 줄기 두께 및 줄기 건물중, 뿌리 건물중은 최아길이가 길수록 유의하게 감소하였다. 4. 최아 손상정도가 증가할수록 출현율은 유의하게 감소하였으며 생육온도가 높을수록 감소폭은 증가하으며 엽수변화는 없었으나 줄기 두께 및 줄기 건물중, 뿌리 건물중은 최아 손상도가 길수록 유의하게 감소하였다. 최아 길이 및 종자 손상정도별 뿌리 건물중과 줄기 건물 중 변화는 유의한 정의 상관관계를 보였다.