• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the dietary effects of ferulic acid-based preparation on the performance, blood profiles, and microflora of broiler chicks. A total of 400 chicks (1 day old Ross × Ross) were divided into 20 groups and assigned to four treatments: a basal diet (control) or a treatment diet containing 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.3% ferulic acid-based preparation. The birds were fed from 1 to 30 d of age. Average daily gain improved compared to that in the control group in all periods (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between treatments in Average daily feed intake during all periods. Feed conversion ratio during starter (day 1 to 21) and total day 1 to 30 periods significantly improved (P<0.05) in the treatments containing ferulic acid-based preparation compared to that in the control. The total cholesterol levels in all the treatments containing ferulic acid-based preparation were significantly lower than that in the control (P<0.05). The globulin content was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the treatment with 0.2% and 0.3% ferulic acid-based preparations than that in the control and 0.1% ferulic acid-based preparation treatments. Among the treatments, there was no significant difference in the total number of cecal bacteria. The number of lactic acid bacteria significantly increased in all treatments containing ferulic acid-based preparation compared to that in the control (P<0.05). The number of coliforms significantly decreased in all treatments containing ferulic acid-based preparation compared to that in the control (P<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of ferulic acid-based preparation to the diet improved broiler performance, blood profiles, and intestinal flora.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.237-242
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• 2022

'Jogreen' (Secale cereal L.) was developed for rye cultivars not fast heading but winter hardiness with high yields, which was open-pollinated by ten rye cultivars including 'Chochun' in 1995. Its average heading date was April 15, which was five days earlier on average compared with 'Gogu'. At harvest, the plant height of 'Jogreen' was 117 cm which was taller than 'Gogu' as much as 6 cm. The number of stems was 983 per m², which was higher than that of Gogu (979). 'Jogreen' did not show both winter kill and powdery mildew, but showed lodging as 3 which is similar to 'Gogu'. The biomass in the dry weight base was 8.1 MT ha^-1, and showing was 4% higher than 'Gogu'. The crude protein content of 'Jogreen' was 11.9%, 0.8% lower than that of 'Gogu', and the acid detergent fiber (ADF) and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents were 36.9% and 64.5%, respectively, higher than that of 'Gogu'. The total digestible nutrients (TDN) content also was low, but the TDN content was 5.09 ton ha^-1, which was higher than that of 'Gogu'. The seed productivity of 'Jogreen' was approximately 3.1 ton ha^-1, which was similar to the check. 'Jogreen' was found to be resistant to winter kill and can be adapted to after-paddy-rice cultivation in all Korean provinces. 'Jogreen' is likely to lodge, therefore, farmers should follow the recommended seeding rate and fertilization rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.613-630
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• 2009

This thesis, which involves honest life stories of members of the ìtraditionalî Korean generation that lived through the turbulent times of the first half of the twentieth century, assesses the meaning and import of Korean cuisine during an individual Korean's lifetime, as well as the relevant properties of the culinary culture of the traditional generation and how those properties continue to influence the present generation of Koreans. Thus, traditional Korean culinary culture was subdivided into the following four aspects, each of which were exemplified by representative examples. The first of these is slow-food dietary life, which is exemplified by fermented foods. The development of side dishes (panchan) based on fermentation - kimchi, different types of soy and bean paste, salted seafoods, dishes of dried radish or cucumber slices seasoned with soy sauce, and so on - made the quantitative and qualitative supplementation of food possible for traditional Koreans. The second of these aspects, referred to as friendly dietary life, is exemplified by self-sufficiently produced foods. The system of many species and small production suitable with the season made it possible to produce food from sustainable ecological systems and to maintain locally grown food-cultures, each of which was distinguished from others by a local specialty product. The third aspect of the traditional Korean culinary culture involves the same use of medicinal roots and plant materials for foodstuff, and this is exemplified by the use of foods to cure and prevent diseases. The notion, for example, that 'boiled rice is an invigorant' is characteristic of the notion that diet can function in a preventative medical context, and other similar Korean notions illustrate the importance, also, of the curative properties of food. The fourth and final aspect of traditional Korean culinary culture identified herein is creative dietary life, which can be viewed essentially as a Korean adaptation to the turbulence of life during the early $20^{th}$ century in Korea. This trend is exemplified by many Korean foods that were created in response to foreign influences, such as onions, cabbages, curry, etc. which found their place in overall Korean culture through the age of Japanese settlement, as well as the Korean war.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.78-89
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• 2024

Estuarine provides unique environmental conditions in terms of salinity concentration and sediment change patterns as freshwater and seawater mix. These conditions allow it to possess biodiversity that cannot be found in other ecosystems. This study was conducted to investigate and analyze distribution characteristics and biota of vegetation in the Gonyangcheon Estuarine Wetland, a brackish area, to prepare basic data for the conservation and sustainable use of estuarine wetlands. The vegetation in the Gonyangcheon Estuarine Wetland was classified into 23 plant communities across a total of six physiognomic vegetation types, including lentic herbaceous vegetation, lotic herbaceous vegetation, salt marsh vegetation, segetal vegetation, and substitutional vegetation. In particular, the Zoysia sinica community was widely distributed in the lower reaches, showing typical characteristics of tidal wetland and increasing its conservation value. From a biodiversity perspective, a total of 1,067 species were identified (an increase of 53 species compared to 2012) and 15 species of endangered wildlife were identified. Gonyangcheon Estuarine Wetland is an open estuary with excellent ecological connectivity. Various topography and landscapes such as rice paddies, forests, and salt marshes were organically developed and distributed, playing a positive role in promoting biodiversity, including brackish water organisms. Therefore, systematic conservation of the Gonyangcheon Estuarine Wetland will contribute to protecting migration routes of organisms and promoting ecological stability by securing a wetland ecological axis connected to the coast.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.483-491
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• 2014

Double cropping system including paddy field soybean is widely adopted nationwide, due to rise in market price and its higher income than paddy field rice. Sowing date of soybean as a second crop is being delayed depending on first crop's growth period and harvesting time. Due to the increased temperature in October and delayed first frost date, soybean could be harvested without frost damage even in late-plating. Therefore, selection of soybean cultivar which is appropriate for this environment is very important. The effect of sowing date and genotype of soybean on growth and yield was investigated for three planting dates (June 20, July 5, and July 20) with ten cultivars developed for soy-pate production, to figure out plant development and yield pattern in delayed planting. As planting date is delayed, plant height and pod number was decreased and this pattern was more clearly detected in mid-late maturity cultivars. Hundred-seed weight did not show significant changes even in late planting, due to compensations between yield components. Yield reduction of July 20 in contrast to that of June 20 showed that Nampung (9.6%) showed the least yield decline. Maximum yield was achieved from Daepung, Taekwang, and Uram among other soybean cultivars in late planting. Shortening of growth period was strongly detected in reproductive stage while length of vegetative stage was regularly maintained in both early and mid-late maturity cultivars.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.511-520
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• 2014

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) was recognized as a potential source of forage. To reduce the production cost, we should insure large cultivation area. The one of the best candidate places to expand the useful kenaf production was 'Saemangeum' reclaimed land. To confirm the possibility of kenaf growth in reclaimed land, we seeding and cultivated the kenaf in 'Saemangeum'. The germination percentage of kenaf on 5.0 dS/m soil salinity was 18%. It is less 66% than that of 4.0 dS/m soil salinity and at 6.0 dS/m, the germination percentage of kenaf was under 10%. The growth and development of kenaf in reclaimed land grew worse with increasing soil salinity. The stem diameter which the most important factor that decide the value and yield of product was upper 2.6 cm when soil salinity maintained under 4.0 dS/m, but if soil salinity marked over 4.0 dS/m, the stem diameter of kenaf was drop under 2.0 cm and it deteriorate the number of leaves per plant by 20~46%. The necrosis on older tip and marginal leaves were noted approximately first month after seeding which was correlated directly with the salinity levels of reclaimed soil. Reduction of total yield was coincide with increasing levels of EC. If soil salinity over 5.0 dS/m, the amount of decreased by soil salinity was 51% than that of non-reclaimed region. The allowable soil salinity level of which could be maintained within 20% reduction rate was 4.2 dS/m. Consequently kenaf can be grown successfully with moderately saline soil condition. However, salt levels in excess of 4.2 dS/m severely have restricted plant growth and development and will result in significant yield reduction.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.245-256
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• 2008

The current legislation in South Korea clearly states that the tolerance threshold on the adventitious presence of GMO in environment-friendly agricultural products is 3.0% and no GM seed should be detected in their planting seed batches. To date, in Korea, there is no approved GM crop for commercial cultivation in field. However, several GM crops including rice, Chinese cabbage, potato and wild turf grass are currently under risk assessment for their environmental release. Also Korean government (Rural Development Administration, RDA) announced that 11 institutes including universities have been currently certified to carry out a risk assessment of GM crops. Meanwhile, the cultivated area and certified quantities of environment-friendly crops (organic, pesticide-free and low-pesticide) are sharply increasing every year according to the report of National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service (NAQS). In detail, in 2007, the certified quantities of environment-friendly agricultural products were elevated up to 100-fold for organic, 171-fold for pesticide-free and 2,324-fold for low-pesticide crops when compared with those in 1999. The total certified quantity of environment-friendly cereal crops in 2007 was equivalent to 6.4% of total production of cereal crops. Moreover, 24% of total production of root and tuber crops such as potato and sweet potato were certified for environment-friendly agricultural products. In these circumstances, I strongly suggest that current legislations on GM crop's safety management should be revised to include strategies for the coexistence of GM with non-GM crops, especially environment-friendly crops before GM crop is approved to be cultivated for commercialization. Since all types of crops are grown in an open environment, the adventitious presence of GM crops among non-GM crops is inevitable if appropriate measures for coexistence are not established for species by species such as isolation distance, workable management measures to minimize admixture.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.11
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• pp.1-9
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• 1972

For a measure against late transplanting, this experiment was conducted to investigate a reasonable seeding rate in nursery bed and a proper nursery size. The treatments applied to this experiment are as follows a) seeding rates: 0.2ι, 0.4ι and 0.6ι per 3.3$m^2$ b) nursery sizes. for 10a-field area: 39.6$m^2$, 49.5$m^2$ and 59.4$m^2$ c) transplanting dates: June 5, June 25 and July 15. The seeding date was April 26 and planting density was determined by the number of sound seedlings based on the combination of seeding rate and nursery size. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. In seedlings both increased nursery period and decreased seeding rate showed a remarkable-increase in plant height, number of leaves, dry matter weight and the ratio of dry weight to plant height. But their number of tillers and live leaves did not show such tendency. 2. Delayed transplanting date shortened culm length and panicle length as well as number of days from transplating to heading and it also delayed heading date. On the other hand the transplanting of 80-day seedlings resulted in premature heading. 3. As a result late transplanting reduced number of spikelets per panicle, maturing rate and 1000-grain weight. In the last analysis it linearly reduced grain yield. The decreasing rate of yield by late transplanting was 15.6% in June 25 plot and 41. 3% in July 15 plot, compared with the yield in June 5 plot. Such a remarkable decrease in yield of the extremely late transplanted plot was mainly due to markedly decreasing number of spikelets per panicle and 1000-grain weight. 4. Both increased seeding rate and nursery size gave a rise in number of tillers per unit area as well as number of transplanting hills but gave a fall in culm length and panicle length. 5. Accordingly, though thick seeded - dense planted plot increased number of panicles per unit area, decrease in number of spikelets per panicle and 1000-grain weight made no differences in yield between thick seeded - dense planted plot and thin seeded - sparse planted one. However, the yield in the thick seeded - dense planted plot transplanted on July 15 was reduced owing to the remarkable decrease in maturing rate and 1000-grain weight. 6. We came to the conclusion that as a measure against the extremely late transplanting the suitable seeding rate was 0.4ι per 3.3$m^2$ and the proper nursery size was 59.4$m^2$ for 10a-field area.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.219-226
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• 2015

The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of various root media on the growth of mother and daughter plants during propagation and early yield after transplanting of 'Seolhyang' strawberry. To achieve this, daughter plants were fixed to connected small pots that contained expanded rice-hull (ERH), a strawberry-specialized commercial medium (SSCM), soil mother materials (SMM), or loamy sand (LS). Then, growth of daughter plants in above- and below-ground tissue as well as early yield after transplanting to plastic house soil were investigated. The growth of daughter plants in terms of plant height, leaf area and fresh weight were the highest in the SSCM treatment. Root growth in terms of the amount of primary roots and root dry weight were the highest in the treatments of ERH and SMM and the lowest in that of SSCM, among treatments tested. The ERH treatment also showed the highest values among treatments in root length, surface area and volume when roots with 0 to 0.4 mm in diameter were investigated. The flower bud differentiation of daughter plants began on Sept. 3 in the ERH treatments, earlier than the SMM (Sept. 5) and in SSCM (Sept. 7) treatments. The tissue N contents of daughter plants were in the range of 1.41 to 1.55% in all treatments, and no significant differences were observed among treatments. This indicates that the low moisture retention capacity of ERH and water stress, rather than tissue N contents, promote the flower differentiation of daughter plants. In the evaluation of early yield after transplant, the ERH treatment of showed the highest yield in the period from November to December, reaching 667 g fruit weight per 10 plants. The yields per 10 plants in the other treatments were 581 g in SMM, 475 g in SSCM and 295 g in LS. Above results imply that the various root media have different effects on the growth of daughter plants as well as flower bud differentiation. Therefore, improvement in early yield after transplant can be achieved through selection of proper root medium for daughter plant propagation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2015

Developed countries have set seed industry as a new growth engine, which demands strong support from the government. Multinational seed companies such as Monsanto and DuPont have made huge financial investment to secure their major roles in the global market. To spur domestic seed industry performance, Korean government laid out the foundation for developing seed industry through policy promotion in the late 2000s. In this paper, I look at the current state of the domestic and international seed market to provide information for improving the efficiency of the propulsion of the Golden Seed Project (GSP) along with its vision. The increasing size of global giant companies has been regarded to monopolize the world seed industry wherein ten renowned companies occupy 73% of the overall global market. In effect, this causes a price hike due to limited seed choices. Domestic seed market has been stuck in a range due to a sustained low agricultural production resulting in decreased seed demand and market size. Though breeding technologies for rice and vegetables are world-class, the technologies for top global crops such as cabbage, paprika, and forage are insufficient therefore professionals in this field are not easily employed. Moreover, there is a lack in appropriate infrastructure set up in the universities which adds to ineffective training of professionals. Being a key-supporting industry for agriculture, seed industry should be granted with strong and sustainable investment support from the government. In view thereof, GSP, which started in 2012, ambitions to spur researches outlined by excellent professionals in universities and seed companies aimed to drive seed export volume and quality and attain domestic seed self-sufficiency through adoption of export- and import-substitution seed types (10 varieties each) development strategies. To develop Korea's seed industry excellent achievement of GSP's goals should be drawn successfully and to do this beside development of high quality seeds, support programs for promotion of seed exports are also needed.