• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1525-1527
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• 2015

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of riboflavin sodium phosphate on prevention of radiotherapy related esophagitis (RRE). Methods: This retrospective study involved 55 patients with middle and advanced esophageal cancer who were divided into an experimental group of 28 and a control group of 27 patients. Those in the experimental group were treated with riboflavin sodium phosphate combined with conventional symptomatic treatment during radiotherapy; while patients in control group received the latter alone. The incidence and degree of RRE were compared after radiotherapy. Results: The incidences of RRE in experimental and control group were 53.5% and 81.4%, respectively (p<0.05); the incidence of stages III and IV RRE in the experimental group was 17.8%, while in the control group it was 44.4% (p<0.05). Conclusion: Riboflavin sodium phosphate could significantly prevent RRE and reduce the incidence of stage III and IV disease. These results were worthy of further confirmation by randomized controlled trials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 1990

In order to study on the riboflavin content of common foods for Korean and the rates of destruction of riboflavin during cooking 26 kinds of the foods were selected and 3 kinds of menu were cooked by standardized method. For each food item and menu riboflavin content was measured by AOAC method. The experimental values of 13 kinds of food such as rice oak mushroom carrot squarsh tangle dried large anchovy apple(Fuji) dried laver ramyun pork soybean curd fried soybean curd and danmugi were almost consistent with food compo-sition values. Whereas those of 12 kinds of foods such as cabbage onion potato kimchi beef sausage dried medium anchovy hair tail soybean paste and egg were considerably different from food composition table values, up to now Alaskan pollack maize loaf bread hamburger bread etc have not been analyzed in food composition table, The rates of retention of riboflavin in menu 1, 2, and 3 cooked by standardized method were 24% 69% 46% respectively. The overally retention rate was in inverse proportion to the time of sunlight exposure during cooking.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2000

We investigated characters of transdermal therapeutic system(TTS) and the skin permeability of that with applying drug delivery system(DDS). Natural gums were selected as material of TTS. The permeation of natural gums ointment containing drug in rat skin using diffusion cell model. Permeation properties of materials were investigated for water soluble drug such as riboflavin in vitro. We used glycerin, PEG 600 and oleic acid as enhancers. Since dermis has more hydration than the stratum corneum, skin permeation rate at steady state was highly influenced when glycerin was used in riboflavin. The permeation rate of content enhancer and drug was found to be faster than that of content riboflavin only. These results showed that skin permeation rate of drug across the composite was mainly dependent on the property of ointment base and drug. All the gum ointment tested showed good safety. Proper selection of the materials which resemble and enhance properties of the delivering drug was found to be important in controlling the skin permeation rate.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.89-98
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• 2012

Objective : Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using topical aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has increasingly been used for the treatment of acne vulgaris and several studies have shown its clinical efficacy. However, ALA-PDT needs a relatively long incubation period and is frequently associated with adverse effects. Triptophan and Riboflavin has been introduced as a new photosensitizer for the treatment of acne recently. Method : 11 patients with acne vulgaris were received PDT with tryptophan and riboflavin four to six times over two to three months. The photos of each patient were taken before and after treatment. Result and conclusion : PDT with tryptophan and riboflavin may be an effective and safe treatment for the Acne vulgaris patients.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.443-461
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• 2022

This study was conducted to assess the effects of the dietary supplementation of riboflavin (as a bile salt hydrolase [BSH] inhibitor) and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance and woody breast of male broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. Intestinal bacteria, including supplemented probiotics, can produce BSH enzymes that deconjugate conjugated bile salts and reduce fat digestion. A 3 × 2 × 2 (riboflavin × Bacillus subtilis × Eimeria spp. challenge) factorial arrangement of treatments in randomized complete block design was used. On d 14, birds were gavaged with 20× doses of commercial cocci vaccine (Coccivac^R -B52, Merck Animal Health, Omaha, NE). Dietary treatment of riboflavin and B. subtilis did not affect body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion (FCR) d 0 to 14 and overall d 0 to 41. Eimeria spp challenge reduced BWG, feed intake (FI), and increased FCR between d 14 to 28, but increased BWG and lowered FCR between d 28 to 35. There were no effects of the Eimeria spp. challenge on the overall d 0 to 41 FCR and FI, but BWG was reduced. Eimeria spp. challenge increased the abdominal fat pad weight and slight woody breast incidences on processed birds on d 42. Dietary inclusion of B. subtilis and riboflavin at tested levels did not help birds to mitigate the negative impact of Eimeria spp. challenge to enhance the growth performance.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.225-231
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• 2005

This study was carried out to observe the stability of riboflavin in dietary supplements. Dietary supplements were in the type of tablet, powder, capsule and liquid. Various factors on the stability of riboflavin such as effect of light, storage temperature and time were examined using HPLC method. Samples were exposed to various temperatures (-9, 4, $30^{\circ}C$) and light at room temperature far 9 months. As well as storage period became longer, reduction rate constant of riboflavin increased. Riboflavin reduction rate constants were higher during storage with light than without light. And there was a significant difference of reduction rate constants in types of dietary supplement. In other words, riboflavin in tablet types was significantly more stable than the others, and liquid type was the most unstable. Therefore, type, light, and packing container of dietary supplements containing riboflavin would be considered in order to establish their appropriate shelf lives. In consideration with riboflavin decrease in dietary supplements, riboflavin would be appropriate for the nutritional labelling guide when predicting them at the end of shelf lives.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

The genes involved in riboflavin synthesis (ribI, II, III, and IV) were found immediately downstream of luxG in the lux operon from Photobacterium species. The single stranded DNA containing the intergenic region of lux genes and rib genes from Photobacterium phosphoreum was fully protected by P. phosphoreum mRNA from the S1 nuclease mapping assay suggesting that a transcriptional terminator was not present in the region. In addition, the levels of riboflavin synthase activity in P. phosphoreum was increased during the development of bacterial bioluminescence in the same fashion as the luciferase and fatty acid reductase activities. Insertion of the Photobacterium leiognathi DNA extending from luxB to ribII, between a strong lux promoter and a reporter gene (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, CAT) and transferred by conjugation into P. leiognathi, did not affect expression of reporter gene. Moreover the CAT gene was not expressed in an analogous construct missing the lux promoter indicating that a promoter was not present in this region. Based on the data here, it can be concluded that the lux genes and rib genes in Photobacterium species are under common regulation.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2022

Purpose: Abdominal migraine (AM) is a very common functional gastrointestinal disorder in children. This study reports the clinical features and response of AM to prophylactic treatment in children. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between January 2010 and December 2019 at the Royal Hospital in the Sultanate of Oman. This study included children aged ≤ 13 years with a diagnosis of AM based on the Rome IV criteria for functional diagnoses. Clinical, demographic, and treatment data were collected. Results: Seventy-four children were identified, of which 43 were eligible for inclusion in this study. The median age at the onset of symptoms was 7 years (range, 2-12 years). The most frequent symptoms were headache (81.4%), nausea (79.1%), and vomiting (72.1%). Of the total cohort, 46.5%, 23.3%, and 6.9% received riboflavin, pizotifen, and propranolol monotherapy, respectively. Combination therapy was also used; 16.3% of children received pizotifen and propranolol, 4.7% received riboflavin and pizotifen, and 2.3% received riboflavin and propranolol. Patients treated with propranolol monotherapy showed 100% clinical improvement and those treated with riboflavin or pizotifen monotherapy showed 90% clinical improvement. Response to combination therapy with pizotifen and propranolol was 71.4%, and with riboflavin and pizotifen was 100%. In addition, treatment response was significantly associated with the presence of vomiting (p=0.039). Conclusion: We found a favorable response to various modalities and combination treatments with riboflavin, pizotifen, and propranolol in children with AM. In addition, the presence of vomiting may predict treatment response.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.321-329
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• 2022

Riboflavin and its derivatives, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are key components of mitochondrial energy metabolism and oxidation-reduction reactions. Proposed dietary reference intakes for Koreans (KDRIs), that is, estimated average requirements (EARs), for riboflavin, based on current knowledge of riboflavin and riboflavin derivative levels, and glutathione reductase activity, are 1.3 mg/d for men aged 19-64 years and 1.0 mg/d for women aged 19-64 years. By applying a coefficient of variance of 10%, reference nutrient intakes (RNIs) were set at 1.5 mg/d for men aged 19-64 years and 1.2 mg/d for women aged 19-64 years. Likewise, EARs and RNIs of riboflavin intake were proposed for all age groups and women in specific life stages such as pregnancy. Mean adult riboflavin intake for adults aged ≥ 19 years was 1.69 mg/d in Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2020, which was 124.9% of EAR according to the 2020 KDRIs. In the 2015-2017 KNHANES study, the mean riboflavin intake from foods and supplements was 2.79 mg/d for all age groups, and 32.7% of individuals consumed less riboflavin than EAR according to the 2020 KDRIs. For those that used supplements, mean intakes were 1.50 mg/d for riboflavin from foods, 10.26 mg/d from supplements, and 11.76 mg/d from food and supplements, and 5.5% of individuals consumed less riboflavin than EAR. Although the upper limit of riboflavin has not been established, the merits of increasing supplement use warrant further consideration. Also, additional epidemiologic and intervention studies are required to explore the role of riboflavin in the etiology of chronic diseases.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 1984

Drug-metabolizing system which has the important role in drug metabolism is localized in smooth endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes and is composed of NADPH, NADPH-cytochrome $P_{450}$ reductase, cytochrome $P_{450}$ and others. It is well known that the enzyme system is induced by phenobarbital and methylcholanthrene. Lipid peroxidation is reaction of oxidative deterioration of polyunsaturated lipids. Formation of lipid peroxides in liver microsome has been found to produce degradation of phospholipid, which are major components of microsomal membrane. The relationship between the formation of lipid oxides and the activities of drug-metabolizing enzyme in the liver of rats was reported by several investigators. In this study the effect of riboflavin tetrabutylate, an antioxidant on lipid peroxidation, specially the relationship between lipid peroxidation and drug-metabolizing enzyme system was investigated. In addition the effect of vitamin A derivatives, such as retinoic acid and retinoid on the enzyme was also observed. Results are summarized as followings. 1) The pretretment with riboflavin tetrabutylate inhibited completely the lengthened sleeping time due to $CCl_{4}$ treatment. 2) The increase of TBA value was prevented by the pretreatment with riboflavin tetrabutylate. 3) The pretreatment with riboflavin tetrabutylate also prevented the decrease of drug-metabolizing enzyme caused by $CCl_{4}$. 4) Both retinoic acid and retinoid remarkably decreased the activity of aminopyrine demethylase. Pretreatment of riboflavin tetrabutylate, however, prevented inhibitory effect of retinoic acid on the enzyme activity.