• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.853-860
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of chromium (Cr), dietary crude protein (CP) level and potential interactions between these two factors on growth rate and carcass response, insulin activity and lipid metabolism in lambs. Forty-eight, 9-week-old weaned lambs (Dorper$\times$Small-tail Han sheep, mean initial body weight = $22.96kg{\pm}2.60kg$) were used in a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement of supplemental Cr (0 ppb, Cr0; 400 ppb, Cr1; or 800 ppb, Cr2 from chromium yeast) and CP levels (157 g/d to 171 g/d for each animal, LP; or 189 g/d to 209 g/d for each animal, HP). Growth data and blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the feed trial, after which the lambs were killed. Both Cr additive groups and the HP group increased final weight and average daily gain, especially the Cr1 and HP group (p<0.01). HP increased pelvic fat weight (p<0.05), fat thickness of the 10th rib (p<0.05), longissimus muscle area (p<0.01) and rate of deposition of intramuscular fat (p<0.01). Supplemental Cr decreased the rate of deposition of intramuscular fat (p<0.05). Fasting insulin level and the ratio of insulin to glucose were lower with Cr1 than other groups, but with no significant difference. Glucose concentration was not affected by any treatment. Nonesterified fatty acids increased in the Cr1 (p<0.05) and HP (p<0.05) conditions and there was a significant $Cr{\times}CP$ interaction (p<0.05). Cr1 decreased triglycerides (p<0.05) and total cholesterol (p = 0.151) and HP increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05). Cr1 decreased lipoprotein lipase activity in subcutaneous adipose tissue (aLPL, p<0.05) and the ratio of aLPL to lipoprotein lipase activity in skeletal muscle (mLPL, p = 0.079). mLPL and hepatic lipase (hHL) were not affected by any treatment. In the present study, Cr had limited effects on growth rate and carcass response, whereas Cr and CP had some notable effects on plasma metabolites and enzyme activities. Cr has a potential effect on energy modulation between lipid and muscle tissue. In addition, few $Cr{\times}CP$ interactions were observed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1604-1610
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Hankins and Howe (HH46), Valadares Filho (V06), and Marcondes (M12) equations for predicting the physical and chemical composition of dairy crossbred bulls carcasses, as well as the chemical composition of their empty bodies. Methods: This study was conducted using 30 dairy crossbred bulls. One group of five animals was slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment, and the remaining were slaughtered 112 days later. Animals were distributed in a completely randomized design into treatments consisting different levels of concentrate (0%, 17%, 34%, 51%, and 68%). The physical and chemical compositions of the cattle were obtained from the right half of the carcass and using samples taken between the 9th and 11th ribs of the left half of the carcass. The estimated and experimentally determined values were compared using the correlation and concordance coefficient, as well as the mean square error of prediction (MSEP) and its components. Results: The HH46 equations were better at estimating the amount of muscle plus fat in the carcass. The amount of bone in the carcasses could not be well estimated by the HH46 and M12 models. The M12, HH46, and V06 equations were worst at estimating the amounts of protein, ether extract, and water in the carcass, respectively. In the empty body, the amounts of protein and water were well estimated by the HH46 equations. Protein, ether extract, and water were accurately estimated by the V06 equations, and ether extract by the M12 equations. Conclusion: The physical and chemical composition of dairy crossbred bull carcasses, as well as the chemical composition of their empty bodies, can be predicted using the equations tested here. The amount of bone in these carcasses could not be accurately predicted.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2006

Fifty castrated crossbred ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$) pigs, weighing an average of $60.6{\pm}3.1kg$ were allotted to one of five treatments in a randomized block design to examine the effects of dietary inclusion of 0.1% L-carnitine (50 ppm carnitine), 0.1% selenium-enriched yeast (0.3 ppm selenium), 0.1% Jujube fruit or 0.1% Hwangto (Red clay) on pig performance and carcass quality. All diets were based on corn, wheat, soybean meal and wheat bran and were formulated to supply 13.8 MJ DE/kg. Dietary supplementation did not influence daily gain (p = 0.57), feed intake (p = 0.52), or feed conversion (p = 0.32). Digestibility of dry matter (p = 0.60), organic matter (p = 0.74), crude protein (p = 0.76), crude fibre (p = 0.70) and energy (p = 0.75) were also unaffected by inclusion of any of the additives. Tissue samples taken from the longissimus muscle showed that the levels of carnitine (p = 0.0001) and selenium (p = 0.0001) were significantly higher with dietary inclusion of carnitine or selenium-enriched yeast. Dietary treatment did not affect dressing percentage (p = 0.33), carcass lean yield (p = 0.99) or first, $10^{th}$ and last rib midline backfat depth (p = 0.45, 0.82 and 0.47, respectively). Dietary treatment also did not affect the percentages of tenderloin (p = 0.37), bacon (p = 0.36), fat and bone (p = 0.56), picnic shoulder (p = 0.25), skirt (p = 0.80), fresh ham (p = 0.31) or ribs (p = 0.79). However, pigs fed the diet containing Jujube fruit had a higher percentage of Boston butt than pigs fed the carnitine or selenium supplemented diets (p = 0.01). Pigs fed added Hwangto had a higher (p = 0.04) percentage of loin compared with pigs fed supplementary selenium or Jujube fruit. Loin muscle from pigs fed carnitine had a significantly lower Hunter colour value for L (whiteness, p = 0.004) and a higher value for $a^*$ (redness; p = 0.069). The overall results indicate that supplementation with L-carnitine and selenium-enriched yeast can produce pork containing higher levels of carnitine and selenium, which could provide health benefits for consumers of pork without detrimental effects on pig performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the quality of dry-aged beef from cull Hanwoo cows slaughtered at 60 or 80 months old. Methods: A total of eight cull Hanwoo carcasses with a quality grade of 3 (low-grade) were selected and divided into two age groups: 63.5±2.5 months old (n = 4) and 87.8±4.5 months old (n = 4). Whole longissimus thoracis et lumborum from the 11th rib to the last lumbar vertebrae, including the back fat, was removed from the carcass at 24 h postmortem and aged for 50 days in darkness at a temperature of 2℃±1℃, a relative humidity of 85% and an air flow of 2 m/s. The sampling was performed aseptically after 0, 20, 24, 40, and 50 days of aging. Results: Regardless of the aging period, aging increased the lightness (p<0.05), redness (p<0.05) and yellowness (p<0.05) at initial blooming (90 min after slicing) and the overall acceptance (p<0.05). No further tenderization effect was found after 20 days of aging, but aging for 50 days significantly increased the lipid oxidation (p<0.05). The generation of aroma volatiles in the roast steak from aged samples was higher (p<0.05) than that of non-aged samples. No significant effect of age at slaughter was found on the color, pH, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, shear force value, bacterial counts, volatile basic nitrogen, consumer acceptance, lipid oxidation, fatty acid composition or aroma volatiles. Conclusion: The quality of dry-aged beef obtained from cull Hanwoo cows slaughtered at either 60 or 80 months old with similar quality grade was comparable and extending dry aging for more than 40 days is not recommended considering the costs and further lipid oxidation.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.767-774
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• 2010

수동공기공급형 고분자 전해질 연료전지는 팬을 이용하여 주변의 공기를 스택에 공급한다. 공급된 공기는 연료로 쓰이는 동시에 스택의 냉각에도 사용된다. 이러한 방식은 시스템에서 가습기, 공기 압축기, 냉각수 설비를 제거할 수 있어서 시스템을 단순화 시키고 경량화 시킬 수 있는 반면 냉각성능은 기존의 냉각수를 이용하는 방식에 비하여 떨어진다. 따라서 시스템의 신뢰성 확보를 위하여 최적의 냉각 성능을 낼 수 있도록 스택을 설계하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 고분자 전해질 연료전지 스택의 냉각성능 향상을 위하여 다양한 채널 형상, 공기극의 유량분포, 외부 대류열전달계수의 변화가 스택의 온도분포에 미치는 영향에 대한 전산해석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 채널의 rib이 두꺼운 경우에 냉각성능이 가장 뛰어났으며 유량을 중앙부에 집중시킨 경우에 고온집중 현상이 감소하였다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.378-385
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• 1994

느타리 Pleurotus ostreatus와 여름느타리 Pleurotus sajor-caju의 영양요구주로부터 분리한 원형질체를 polyethylene glycol로 융합하여 종간 이질핵체 heterokaryon를 획득하였다. 불화합 균주간에는 9 융합조합에서 70개 융합주를 획득하여 7 융합주의 자실체를 유도하였으며 화합 균주간에는 1조합에서 모두 자실체를 형성하였다. 화합 균주간 융합주를 제외하고는 불화합성간 융합체는 꺽쇠연결체 clamp connections가 없었고 한천배지나 액체배지에서는 자실체를 형성하지 않았다. 그러나 활엽수톱밥과 미강이 혼합된 배지에서 균사가 완전히 성장한후 일정한 광과 온도를 처리한 결과 꺽쇠연결체 있는 균사가 다시 성장하였으며 이들 균사에서 버섯자실체가 형성되었다. 버섯자실체는 양친의 중간형태로 갓 색깔도 양친이 혼합된 orange grey-brownish grey로 나타났다. 그러나 다소의 자실체 형질인 자실층 hymenium, 버섯대, 생장습성은 느타리를 닮았는데 특히 여름느타리가 단생 closely scattered인데 비해 느타리는 속생 caespitose으로 느타리와 유사하였다. 자실체는 모두 꺽쇠연결체를 가졌으며 조직배앙한 결과 균사가 모두 꺽쇠연결체를 가져 본래 융합주와는 다른 형태로 변하였다. 6융합조합 8균주의 $F^2$에서의 유전형질 분리와 유전자 재조합을 분석한 결과 원영양형 prototroph이 양친 느타리형, 여름느타리형, 영양요구성 유전자 재조합형에 비해 많이 분리되었으며 3개조합에서 양친에 없는 유전자좌가 나타났다. 자실체가 형성되지 않는 융합주 P188과 사철느타리 ASI 2-3-rib와 균사접합 한 후 임성을 유도하여 유전분석한 결과 원영양형이 적게 분리되었고 여름느타리 양친형이 분리되지 않았으며 3친주 형질이 모두 유전자 재조합형으로 분리되었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.206-214
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• 2020

본 연구는 만성허리통증자를 대상으로 주관적 허리부위 불안정성 요소(SLIF)와 호흡패턴변화(RPC), 배부운동성(AM) 간의 상관성을 조사하고자 하였으며, 만성허리통증(CLBP)을 가진 36명의 성인이 본 연구에 참여하였다. 대상자들은 28개 항목의 SLIF 양성반응 조사 후, 양성반응 수(PRN)에 따라 3개 그룹으로 나뉘었다. 노력성호흡운동과 운동조절훈련 동안에 총 12개의 비생리학적 호흡패턴변화를 관찰과 촉지를 통해 조사하였고, 3가지의 호흡패턴변화[갈비가로막 호흡패턴변화(CDRPC), 호흡정지변화(BHC), 전체 호흡패턴변화(TRPC)] 점수를 산출하였다. 배부 운동성 변화는 줄자를 이용하여 몸통의 칼돌기(AM1)와 10^th 갈비뼈(AM2) 수준에서 최대 흡기와 호기 사이의 둘레 길이 차이로 조사하였다. SLIF의 양성 반응수에 따라 RPC 점수와 AM을 비교하고, 이들의 상관성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, SLIF 양성반응수는 CDRPC 점수, BHC 점수, 전체 RPC 점수와 양의 상관성을, AM1과 AM2와는 음의 상관성을 나타내었다. 본 연구결과에 기초하여, SLIF 검사의 양성결과 조합은 CLBP자의 비생리적 호흡패턴변화에 대한 예측 변수가 될 수 있고, 이러한 임상적 예측은 평가시간의 절약과 함께 효율적 치료접근에 도움이 될 수 있다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2012

본 연구는 몽골 도르릭나르스 유적 2호, 3호 및 4호분에서 출토된 청동제 및 금제 유물에 대한 과학적 분석 결과로부터 각 유적 출토품의 특징을 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 몽골의 흉노무덤인 도르릭나르스 유적 2호, 3호 및 4호분은 비교적 소형이고, 도굴 된 상태였음에도 불구하고 많은 유물이 다양하게 출토되었다. 특히 출토 유물에는 중국계 유물과 북방계 유물이 공존하고 있어 매우 중요한 유적으로 평가되고 있다. 먼저 청동 용기류의 경우 중국제인 한경이나 일산살 꼭지의 성분 조성과는 달리 주석에 비하여 납의 함유량이 높은 특징을 보였는데, 특히 2호의 청동쟁반, 청동등잔 그리고 4호의 청동솥의 경우는 주석이 1wt% 정도로 적게 함유되어 있어 Cu-Pb의 2원계 합금 조성을 보였다. 금제품의 경우는 2호분 장식품의 제작에 비교적 높은 순도의 금이 사용된 것으로 조사되었으며, 금제 누금 장식의 금 알갱이의 접합에는 금과 구리를 합금한 금땜이 사용되었거나 확산접합(말라카이트나 산화구리 화합물 가루를 사용함)에 의하여 접합했을 가능성이 높았다. 향후 몽골지역 뿐만 아니라 다른 지역의 흉노 무덤 출토품에 대한 과학적 조사 및 분석이 더 많이 진행된다면 흉노 문화에 대한 더 많은 문제들을 해결할 수 있는 실마리를 제공하게 될 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1678-1684
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and sire breeding values for average daily gain (ADG) and carcass traits using sire-maternal grandsire model with REML approach, sire model with REML approach, sire model without relationships among sires and with REML and ANOVA approach, and to investigate advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Data were collected from 42,325 Japanese Black steers and heifers finished and slaughtered from 1991 to 2004. Traits analyzed in this study were average daily gain (ADG) during the fattening period, live weight at slaughter (LW), cold carcass weight (CW), estimated lean yield percentage (LYE), longissimus muscle area (LMA), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), rib thickness (RT), and marbling score (BMS). Bivariate analyses were also performed to obtain genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients among traits. Estimated breeding values were obtained from each model, and simple and rank correlations among breeding values from each model were calculated. Estimates of heritability using the four models ranged from 0.25 to 0.31 in ADG, from 0.21 to 0.24 in LW, from 0.23 to 0.27 in CW, from 0.10 to 0.17 in DP, from 0.40 to 0.42 in LYE, from 0.19 to 0.31 in LMA, from 0.31 to 0.34 in SFT, from 0.26 to 0.33 in RT, and from 0.18 to 0.44 in BMS. The differences in heritability estimates using the four models seemed to be feasible in ADG, CW, DP, LMA, RT, and BMS. Genetic correlation coefficients of ADG with CW, SFT, RT and BMS were moderate to high and positive while the genetic correlation coefficients between ADG and LYE was low and negative. Correlation coefficients of BMS with SFT were negligible for both genetic and phenotypic correlations. The correlations of estimates evaluated from sire models with those from sire-maternal grandsire model were not large enough to convincing that breeding values using a sire model were corresponding to those using a sire-maternal grand sire model. If information of maternal grand sires are not available, the sire model with incomplete pedigree information included only sire of sire (Model 2) is optimal among the sire models evaluated in this study.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2009

Purpose: Early diagnosis and management of therapeutic interventions are very important in chest trauma. Conventional chest X-rays (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) are the diagnostic tools that can be quickly implemented for chest trauma patients in the emergency department. In this study, the usefulness of the CT as a diagnostic measurement was examined by analyzing the ability to detect thoracic injuries in trauma patients who had visited the emergency department and undergone CXR and CT. Methods: This study involved 84 patients who had visited the emergency department due to chest trauma and who had undergone both CXR and CT during their diagnostic process. The patients' characteristics and early vital signs were examined through a retrospective analysis of their medical records, and the CXR and the CT saved in the Picture Archiving Communication System (PACS) were examined by a radiologist and an emergency physician to verify whether or not a lesion was present. Results: Pneumothoraxes, hemothoraxes, pneumomediastina, pulmonary lacerations, rib fractures, vertebral fractures, chest wall contusions, and subcutaneous emphysema were prevalently found in a statistically meaningful way (p<0.05) on the CT. Even though their statistical significance couldn' be verified, other disorders, including aortic injury, were more prevalently found by CT than by CXR. Conclusion: CT implemented for chest trauma patients visiting the emergency department allowed disorders that couldn' be found on CXR to be verified, which helped us to could accurately evaluate patients.