• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2017

Purpose: This study reviewed articles to identify the optimal rhythmic stabilization or stabilizing reversals application method for improving balance. Methods: The Cochrane, EBSCO, eArticle, Embase, DBpia, KISS, Medline, ProQuest, PubMed, SAGE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Springer, and Wiley databases were used to search articles from 1990 to January 2017. The search terms included: "rhythmic stabilization" and "stabilizing reversals." Only experimental human studies (randomized controlled trials) that compared the effects of varying the optimal application of rhythmic stabilization or stabilizing reversals to improve balance were included in the review. Non-English language (except Korean) and unpublished studies were excluded. Results: During the research, 1,098 articles were initially identified. Of these articles, nine were randomized controlled trials. Of these nine articles, five were in English, and four were in Korean. In addition, three of the trials did not measure the patients' balance, two did not report the intensity and location of the resistance, and three performed the rhythmic stabilization incorrectly. Only one article met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The remaining study evaluated the participants' performance of the alternating trunk flexor and extensor isometric contraction of the scapulae using the optimal resistance for 10 seconds in a sitting position. The participants completed three sets of eight repetitions with rest intervals of 30 seconds between the repetitions and 60 seconds between the sets. Conclusion: Due to the lack of the scientific research on the topic, this review may not provide the evidence needed to support the optimal application of rhythmic stabilization or stabilizing reversals to improve balance. Future research should consider the methodological quality to identify the proper rhythmic standardization and stabilizing reversals application method.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect that trunk stability exercises with stabilizing reversal and rhythmic stabilization of PNF have on trunk strength and balance ability in stroke patients. Methods: This study included 20 stroke patients who performed trunk stability exercises combined with stabilizing reversal and rhythmic stabilization of PNF. The exercise program consisted of 30-minute sessions per week for six weeks. Trunk strength (BTE, Primus RS) and balance ability (Berg Balance Scale) were evaluated before and after training. All data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software. Results: Significant differences were observed the both groups for truck strength and balance ability. The results of the study were as follows: trunk strength was significantly increased in both groups (p<.05) and it was also found to be significant between groups after the intervention (p<.05). Balance ability was significantly increased in both groups (p<.05) and it was also found to be significant between the groups after intervention (p<.05). Conclusion: Trunk stability exercises with stabilizing reversal and rhythmic stabilization of PNF are effective for improving trunk strength and balance ability in stroke patients. For stroke patients, trunk stability exercises with PNF are very useful and effective and they areeffectiveinclinicalpractice.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.72-77
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of general sling-bridge exercise (GSE) and sling-bridge exercise with rhythmic stabilization technique (SER) on trunk muscle endurance and flexibility in adolescents with low back pain (LBP). 30 adolescents who had complaints of LBP were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: the GSE group (n=15) and SER group (n=15). Subjects performed each exercise programs for 4 weeks with the aim of improving trunk muscle stability; GSE group trained general bridge exercise with sling, SER group trained rhythmic stabilization bridge exercise with sling. The static and dynamic trunk muscle endurance and flexibility were measured before and at the end of the exercise program. The static and dynamic trunk muscle endurance were significantly improved in both groups (p<.05) and the SER group showed significant difference from the GSE group after the exercise (p<.05). The trunk muscle flexibility was significantly improved in both groups (p<.05) and the SER group were significantly different from GSE group post-exercise (p<.05). The results of this study showed that sling bridge exercise with rhythmic stabilization technique may be appropriate for improving trunk muscle stability in adolescents with LBP.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of trunk-stabilization training using stabilizing reversal and rhythmic stabilization techniques of PNF on trunk muscle strength and respiratory function in elderly stroke patients. Methods: There were 26 stroke patients included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups, and all patients performed exercise 30 min five times per week for six weeks. The experimental group performed trunk stability exercise using stabilizing reversal and rhythmic stabilization techniques of PNF, and the control group performed flexibility and strength training. Trunk muscle strength, forced vital capacity, maximum inspiratory pressure, and maximum expiration pressure were measured to determine the changes after the intervention. For statistical processing, a paired t-test was performed within the group, and the value after intervention was performed as an independent t-test to find out the difference between the two groups. Results: In the experimental group, all of the trunk muscle strength, forced vital capacity, maximum inspiratory pressure, and maximum expiration pressure showed significant differences according to the intervention. In the control group, there were statistically significant differences in trunk muscle strength and forced vital capacity, but the maximum inspiratory pressure and the maximum expiration pressure did not show any statistical change. Conclusion: From these results, it can be seen that the trunk stability exercises that use the proprioceptive neuromuscular promotion method of stable reversal and rhythm stabilization can be a good intervention for the respiratory function of stroke patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Rhythmic Stabilization(RS) and Combination of Isotonic(CI) of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on balance in patients with hemiplegia. Methods : Ten patients with hemiplegia were trained with RS and CI for six weeks. Two Standard Scale(TSS), Functional Reach Test(FRT), Time Up and Go test(TUG) and Berg Balance Scale(BBS) were used to prove their improvement of balance. Results : Body weight bearing decreased on less affected side and increased on more affected side. Distance of forward reaching for FRT increased. Time for TUG decreased. BBS score increased. They all showed significant difference. Conclusion : This study suggests that balance training with RS and CI of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation improved balance in patients with hemiplegia.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.195-205
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stability techniques on walking speed, trunk stability, and balance in stroke patients. Methods: Ten stroke patients volunteered to participate in the study, and each of subjects was randomly assigned to either the stability technique (ST) group (n=5) or to the treadmill (TM) group (n=5). Each therapeutic exercise program was provided for 30 minutes a day, 5 days per week for 4 weeks. The ST group performed a PNF pattern combined with stabilizing reversal and rhythmic stabilization of the PNF stability technique. Walking speed (measured using a 10-meter walking test), trunk stability (TIS), and balance (BBS, FRT) were evaluated before and after training. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. The significance level for statistical inspection was set at 0.05. Results: Both groups showed improvements on the 10-meter walking test, the trunk impairment scale, the Berg balance scale, and the functional reaching test. Conclusion: PNF stability techniques are effective for improving trunk stability, balance, and walking speed in stroke patients. For stroke patients, PNF stability techniques are very useful and effective, including in clinical practice.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) wrist taping, after the application of a rhythmic stabilization (RS) technique, on the decrease of pain and the increase of grip strength in physical therapists who complained of wrist pain and to provide basic data on interventions for wrist pain patients. Methods: The subjects were 15 peoples in their 20s who complained of pain with a visual analogue scale (VAS) at five points or higher due to overuse of their wrists. They were randomly assigned to a control group, to which PNF wrist taping was applied after stretching (n=7), or to an experimental group (n=8), to which PNF wrist taping was applied after application of the RS technique of PNF. The experiment was conducted for four weeks, five times per week. VAS was measured in order to measure pain decrease, and grip strength (GS) was measured using a dynamometer. In order to compare within-group differences before and after the intervention, a paired t-test was performed, and in order to compare differences between the two groups, the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used. All statistically significant levels were set at ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: There were significant differences in changes of VAS and GS within each group before and after the intervention (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: This study applied PNF wrist taping after the application of stretching or PNF RS to patients who complained of pain beyond a sense of discomfort; these interventions resulted in a decrease in pain and an increase in the grip strength of the subjects. Taping and therapeutic techniques using PNF are considered to be usefully applied as one of the programs to improve wrist pain patients' pain and grip strength.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of combination of isotonic and rhythmic stabilization in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on trunk stability and balance in elderly people with chronic low back pain. Subjects : Thirty-two elderly people ($73.78{\pm}8.49$ years of age) who had complaints of CLBP were randomly assigned to 2 groups: experimental group and control group. Methods : Subject trained with combination of isotonic and rhythmic stabilization in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation for 4weeks with aim of improving trunk stability and balance. Weight distribution, trunk muscle balance, static balance ability and dynamic balance ability were measured before, at the end of training. Results : Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. After the exercise programs, there were significant differences in the weight distribution, trunk muscle balance and dynamic balance ability between the experimental and control group. However there was no significant difference in the one leg stance test(p<.05). Conclusion : This study suggest that PNF programs may be appropriate for improving trunk stability and balance in elderly people with CLBP.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2015

Purpose: The current study seeks to examine the effects of stabilizing reversal(SR) and rhythmic stabilization(RS) in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques on static balance in normal female adults. Methods: Subjects included 20 healthy women in their 20s. They were randomly divided into SR and RS groups. To assess static balance before and after PNF intervention, the good balance system was used to measure the interior and exterior center of pressure (COP) movement distance, front and rear COP movement distance before and after the intervention, and velocity moment. Results: Interior and exterior COP movement distance, front and rear COP movement distance, and velocity moment decreased in the SR group, but no statistically significant differences were observed. In the RS group, the interior and exterior COP movement distance declined without any significant difference, while the front and rear COP movement distance and velocity moment significantly decreased. The interior and exterior COP movement distance, front and rear COP movement distance, and velocity moment declined more in the RS group than in the SR group. Conclusion: The findings of the current study indicate that the RS technique is more effective than the SR technique for improving the balance ability of healthy female adults. The results of this study can thus be utilized in the selection of effective interventions for improving the balance ability of healthy female adults.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2018

Purpose: We sought to examine whether using the rhythmic stabilization (RS) technique before proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) wrist taping affected pain and grip strength in patients with wrist pain to provide a basis for the application of PNF taping. Methods: The study consisted of 41 badminton enthusiasts (aged 20-40 years) who reported discomfort and pain due to overuse of their wrists. The subjects were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=20) or a control group (n=21). In the experimental group, PNF wrist taping was applied after application of the PNF RS technique, and PNF wrist taping was applied after stretching in the control group. The tape was applied five times a week for 3 weeks. Pain was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS). Grip strength was measured using a dynamometer. The paired t-test was performed to compare grip strength and pain within the groups before and after the intervention. Covariance analysis was conducted to compare differences between the experimental group and control group. The level of significance was set as ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: Within-group changes in grip strength and VAS were significantly different in the control group and experimental group (p<0.01). Grip strength and VAS showed more improvement in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.01). Conclusion: PNF wrist taping after stretching and the PNF RS technique both significantly reduced pain and improved grip strength in club badminton players with wrist pain. These improvements were significantly greater in the experimental group in which the PNF RS technique was applied. The results suggest that PNF may be considered useful to improve grip strength and reduce wrist pain.