• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.113-116
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• 2011

Arginase competitively inhibits nitric oxide synthase (NOS) via use of the common substrate L-arginine. Arginase II has recently reported as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In our experiment, the EtOH extracts of four-hundreds extracts drugs were investigated for the arginase inhibitory activity. Among them, four extracts exhibited over 50% inhibition of arginase II activity compared to control at a concentration of 150${\mu}g/ml$. In particular, the seed of Arctium lappa, gum-resin of Boswellia carterii, aerial part of Artemisia apiacea and rhizome of Cyperus rotundus inhibited arginase II activity, with $IC_{50}$ values of 118.4, 135.4, 123.9 and 86.7${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In addition, four plant extracts showed less than 20% inhibition of arginase I activity at 150${\mu}g/ml$. These plants might be the potential candidate materials in the development of the novel atherosclerosis drug.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.160-164
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• 2011

The purpose of this investigation was to extract the bioactive agents from Alpinia officinarum Hance. The methanol with ethylacetate extracts alone and combined were examined for their activities against VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) and pathogenic yeast in vitro. The incidence of infections caused by VRE and other pathogenic microorganisms and the importance of using novel synergistic drug combinations has become important. Previously, we reported the antimicrobial effects of the butanol extract from Lonicera japonica and have evaluated combinations of solvent extracts, with a focus on the MeOH and EtOAc extracts from A. officinarum. In the present study, enhanced inhibitory effects were achieved by employing a combination of the two solvent extracts. The MeOH and EtOAc combination was especially effective against four VRE strains: E. faecalis (K-10-22), E. faecaium (K-11-212), E. faecalis (K-10-57) and E. faecalis (K-10-361) with MIC values of 12.5, 12.5, 6.25 and 25 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Thus, the combination was more effective than other antibiotics such as kanamycin, gentamicin or tetracycline against bacteria including E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Micrococcus luteus. In addition, the combination was effective against yeasts such as Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.25-39
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• 2016

Objectives : Atractylodes rhizomes, which have been widely used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, consist of numerous chemical compounds. Polyacetylenes are the parts of characteristic compounds of importance required to understand the therapeutic properties of Atractylodes rhizomes. It is necessary to understand the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of polyacetylenes in the Atractylodes rhizomes.Methods : The literatures from 1970 to January 2016 were searched using Korean and international electronic databases. The chemical structures of polyacetylenes were drawn by structure-drawing software.Results : The reported polyacetylenes were classified by their chemical skeletons and original resources, and their physicochemical and pharmacological features were discussed. Polyacetylenes with skeletal moieties were reported, such as diene-diyne types (two double and two triple carbon-bonds), triene-diyne types (three double carbon bonds and two triple carbon bonds), and monoene-diyne types (one double carbon bonds and two double carbon bonds), with various functional groups. Atractylodin was most frequently reported from many Atractylodes species. Atractylodin-related polyacetylenes showed chemical instability in both high and freezing temperatures. Processing of the Atractylodes rhizomes by stir-frying with bran could affect the contents of polyacetylenes and their bioavailability in vivo. Several polyacetylenes showed structure-related anti-inflammatory activities and gastrointestinal activities.Conclusion : Polyacetylene compounds in Atractylodes rhizomes were based on three chemical backbones and showed diverse physicochemical and pharmacological features. The present study provides structural, physicochemical, and pharmacological information of polyacetylene from Atractylodes rhizomes. This information provides fundamental data for further research.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 1990

The banana insect pest species and their damages were surveyed from 9 vinyl hoses of Cheju Island on August in 18. A total of 5 pest species wre found ; banana root weevil (BRW) Cosmopolites sordidus Germar (Curculionidae) a wireworm Melonotus sp. (Elateridae), a spider mite teranychid sp. (Tetranychidae), mulberry mealybud Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana)(Pseudococcidae), and common cutworm Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)(Noctuidae). Among them, the BRW which attacked the rhizome of banana plant was newly recorded from Korea. It is assumed that the weevil would be introduced from Japan, Philippine or SriLan-Ka wiht the banana seedlings imported during early 1980's.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.321-328
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• 2015

Alpiniae officinarum Rhizoma (the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum Hance, known as lesser galangal), a family of Zingiberaceae, has been used to reduce pain of infection and inflammatory diseases in Asian countries. The present study was focused to evaluate the inhibitory degranulation effect of Alpiniae officinarum Rhizoma extract in RBL-2H3 rat basophilic leukemia cells. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. RBL-2H3 cells were stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187. Mast cell degranulation was analyzed by measuring release of β-hexosaminidase in RBL-2H3 cell. Gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR and signaling molecules were detected by immunoblotting. The Alpiniae officinarum Rhizoma extract suppressed β-hexosaminidase release in dose-dependent manner and inhibited cycloxygenase-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α gene expression. Furthermore, it was found that Alpiniae officinarum Rhizoma extract reduced mitogen-activated protein kinases, especially phosphorylated p38, at 0.75 ㎎/㎖ of Alpiniae officinarum Rhizoma extract concentrations. These data show that Alpiniae officinarum Rhizoma extract has immunosuppressive effect in mast cell induced allergic inflammation.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.842-856
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• 2010

The relationships between fashion and architecture have been interactive. Since the fashion has had the role to decide the structure type of urban environment, it is becoming the new sign of space boundary. This study searches the social and cultural characteristics of Nomadism and the relationships among all kinds of changing objects. After then, the module system characteristics are meditated by analyzing the composition method of module system in architecture. Moreover, the study examines the aesthetic values in the fashion and body architecture from artistic aspect. Based on the above discussion, the followings are the characteristics of body architecture as the social structures expressed in modern fashion. The liquidity is the fluid form of dynamic structures. It shows the extended space form which produces the continuity. The transformation is the variable structure by module system and it forms the diversified structural combination. The movement combines the controlling function to be able to regulate and move freely the body related objects. The convergence is the text combination interpenetrated mutually in enlarged space. Through this, the non-linear continuity and the access of the individual factors are shown.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.334-342
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• 2018

Background: Panax notoginseng is a highly valued medicine and functional food, whose quality is considered to be influenced by the size, botanical parts, and growth environments. Methods: In this study, a HPLC method integrating fingerprinting and determination of multiconstituents by single reference standard was established and adopted to investigate the chemical profiles and active constituent contents of 215 notoginseng samples with different sizes, from different botanical parts and geographical regions. Results: Chemical differences among main root, branch root, and rotten root were not distinct, while rhizome and fibrous root could be discriminated from other parts. The notoginseng samples from Wenshan Autonomous Prefecture and cities nearby were similar, whereas samples from cities far away were not. The contents of major active constituents in main root did not correlate with the market price. Conclusion: This study provided comprehensive chemical evidence for the rational usage of different parts, sizes, and growth regions of notoginseng in practice.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.633-636
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• 2013

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 1980

The distribution pattern of mineral nutrients, among various Parts of Korea ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) was investigated to understand ginseng nutrition by simple correlation analysis. Five·year old ginseng plants grown under four different nutritional environments were sampled and separated into leaf, petiole, stem, rhizome, cortex and epidermis of tap foot, central part of tap root, cortex and epidermis of lateral root, central part of lateral root, fine root in the middle of truly, for chemical analysis. Between mineral nutrients in root, N and P showed highly significant positive correlation each other and with Mg and Cu while all other elements (K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B) showed highly significant positive correlation each other. In shoot, number of mineral nutrient pairs haying significant relation was much less than in root. (Negative: P with Ca or B, K with N, Fe, Mn or Cu, Positive: N with Mg, Fe, Mn or Cu, K with Zn, Ca with Mg, Zn, or B, Fe Mn Cu each other, Mn with B.) The number of pairs having significant correlation in whole plant was approximately the same as the number in root but three of them showed significant negative correlation. The distribution pattern similarity of mineral contents among various parts was also discussed in relation to physiological significance in Korea ginseng plant.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.463-465
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• 2003

Four protostane-type triterpenes, alisol B 23-acetate (1a), alisol C 23-acetate (2a), alisol B(3a), and alisol A 24-acetate (4a), were isolated from the rhizome of Alismatis plantago-aquatica L. var. orientale Samuelson (Alismataceae) and eleven protostane derivatives (compounds 1-11) were obtained by selective modification from alisol B 23-acetate (1a). These compounds were investigated for their anti-complement activity against the classical pathway of the complement system. Alisol B (3a) and alisol A 24-acetate (4a) exhibited anti-complement activity with $IC_{50} values of 150 and 130 \mu$ M. Among the synthetic derivatives, the tetrahydroxylated protostane triterpene (9) showed moderate inhibitory activity with $IC_{50} value of 97.1 \mu$ M. Introduction of an aldehyde group at C-23 (10; $IC_{50} value, 47.7 \mu$ M) showed the most potent inhibitory effect on the complement system in vitro.