• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2005

We analyzed statistics study in 1394 patients, who had visited to the Dept. of dermatology, ophthalmology & otorhinolaryngology Hospital of Oriental Medicine Sangji University from July, 2003 to December, 2004. The results were as follows. 1. Distribution of ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology and dermatology classification was 14.23% in ophthalmology, 13.92% in rhinology, 4.79% in laryngology, 23.05% in dermatology, 8.25% in otology, 2.14% in stomatology and 33.63% in other. 2. Ophthalmology group were 12.39% males and 14.16% females in 61years old over. In treatment term, opthalmology patients who had treated for 2 weeks within were 85.84%. Blepharism and asthenopia were the most common ophthalmologic disease. 3. Rhinology group were 18.10% males in 11-20 years old and 14.48% females in 10 years old within. In treatment term, rhinology patients who had treated for 2 weeks within were 70.59%. Rhinitis and sinusitis were the most common rhiniologic disease. 4. Otology group were 19.08% males and 16.80% females in 61years old over. In treatment term, otologic patients who had treated for 2 weeks within were 64.89%. Tinnitus and vertigo were the most common otologic disease. 5. Laryngology group were 10.53% males and 17.11% females 41-50 years old. In treatment term, laryngology patients who had treated for 2 weeks within were 85.53%. pharyngitis and abnormal pharyngolarylgeal region sensation were the most common laryngologic disease. 6. Stomatology group were 11.76% males in 31-40, 41-50 years old and 17.65% females in 61 years old over. In treatment term, stomatology patients who had treated for 2 weeks within were 82.35%. Stomatitis and labium spasm were the most common stomatologic disease. 7. Dermatology group were 11.75% males and 15.30% females in 21-30 years old. In treatment term, dermatology patients who had treated for 2 weeks within were 72.95%. Acne and urticaria were the most common dermatologic disease. 8. Other group were 8.99% males in 41-50 years old and 14.04% female in 61 years old over. In treatment term, other group patients who had treated for 2 weeks within were 69.29%. Bell's palsy and common cold were the most common other disease.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2008

The objective of the study which utilised population based data was to determine the respiratory condition of elementary school children in Gangneung. From October 9th to December 14th, 2006, Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) including Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratoy Volume in I Second $(FEV_1)$ were conducted on the target group of children using a spirometer. The prevalence of asthmatic symptoms was 29.8% among boys and 39.6% among girls. By using logistic regression, we found that family history of allergic rhinitis (OR=3.90, CI=1.05-14.51), experience of allergic conjunctivitis (OR=4.67, CI=1.54-14.16) and atopic dermatitis (OR=2.86, CI=1.17-7.05) significantly increased the asthmatic symptoms. Also, a family history of asthma and food allergy were associated with asthmatic symptoms. In relation to housing and environmental risk factors, residences under the ground (OR=3.59, CI=1.35-9.51) and big-size dolls (OR=2.71, CI=0.86-8.53) significantly increased the prevalence of asthmatic symptoms. For PFT, above four families, exposure of passive smoking and pets significantly reduced FVC in both groups (p<0.05). In girls, a big-size doll was significantly associated with decreased lung function (FVC and $FEV_1$). In boys, using bed significantly reduced $FEV_1$. Also, the risk of asthmatic symptoms was found to increase when the house has been built for 5 years or more, the house is close to a road $({\leq}100m)$, a gas/Kerosene heater or carpet is utilized within the house. However, their differences were not significant. It is concluded that genetic factor such as a family history of respiratory disease, allergic symptoms and housing risk factor are related to asthmatic symptoms. These results were worth noting because the findings will help address risk factors related respiratory symptoms especially in relation to housing and environment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.730-735
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• 2012

Existing pharmaceutical studies show that Magnolia biondii is effective in treating rhinitis and in reducing cholesterol, given its endogenous, volatile ingredients. The study herein seeks to assess the cosmeceutical activities and anti-inflammatory activities of Magnolia biondii extracts for possible application as cosmetic ingredients. The cosmeceutical and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated using hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition, cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) inhibition, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by Western blotting. Magnolia biondii extracts were identified to have antioxidant activities in hydroxyl free radical scavenging, SOD-like activity, and XO inhibition. In testing the anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts, NO production was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, in a dose-dependent manner, the Magnolia biondii extracts were able to suppress iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. From these results, Magnolia biondii showed adequate potential for application in cosmetic production and related industries as well as a functional material.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.188-195
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• 2016

Neutrophils and lymphocytes are essential inflammatory cells in the pathogenesis of allergy. In this study, we evaluated the role of house dust mite (HDM) in the interaction between allergic lymphocytes and neutrophils. The extract of Dermatophagoides pteronissinus (DP) showed a stronger anti-apoptotic impact on neutrophil apoptosis in the coculture of allergic neutrophils with allergic lymphocytes when compared with that in allergic neutrophils alone. DP increased IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and GM-CSF in allergic lymphocytes, and the increased cytokines were inhibited by rottlerin-an inhibitor of the protein kinase C (PKC) ${\delta}$, as well as by SB202190-a p38 MAPK inhibitor. DP activated p38 MAPK in a time-dependent manner. The activation of p38 MAPK was suppressed by PAR2i, which is a protease-activated receptor (PAR) 2 inhibitor, and rottlerin. Both aprotinin-a serine protease inhibitor-and E64-a cysteine protease inhibitor-were not effective on cytokine secretion of lymphocytes. These results, despite increased cytokines in allergic lymphocytes via DP, did not show any differences between asthma and allergic rhinitis. Molecules, including cytokines, released by DP in lymphocytes inhibited the migration of neutrophils. This finding may further elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of allergic diseases due to HDM.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.239-244
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• 2002

Okbyungpoongsan-Gami (OG) has been used for the treatment of excessive sweating with general weakness and allergic rhinitis recently. Anal therapy is another way of taking Oriental medicine. It is an important pathway but not available in common clinical situation. This experiment was performed in order to study the inhibitory effect of immediate-type allergic reaction of OG by anal therapy. In addition, the experiment was practised by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy to examine molecular structure of OG. The results were obtained as follows : OG concentration-dependently inhibited compound 48/80- induced immediate type systemic allergic reaction with concentrations of 0.01-1.0g/kg by anal administration 1 h before injection of compound 48/80. OG also concentration-dependently inhibited compound 48/80- induced ear swelling response with concentrations of 0.01-1g/kg by anal administration 1h before injection of compound 48/80. OG also inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE antibody concentration- dependently at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1g/kg. When OG was pretreated at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1g/ℓ, the histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells induced by compound 48/80 was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. OG (0.1-1g/ℓ) had a significant inhibitory effect on histamine release from IgE-induced activated mast cells. OG is seen to be a biochemical compound certainly by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy According to above results, anal therapy of OG may be beneficial in the treatment of systemic and local immediate-type allergic reactions by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.3 s.62
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• pp.361-371
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• 1998

Recent increases of asthma and allergies in childhood made the need for a standardized approach to international and regional comparisons of their prevalence and severity. To address these issues, 'International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)' is currently underway. In Korea, 'Nationwide Study of Asthma and Allergies in Korean Children' began in 1995 according to ISAAC protocol. ISAAC written and video questionnaires were used in this survey, but their reliability and validity were not evaluated properly yet. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the reliability and validity of two kinds of questionnaires and their usefulness in international and regional comparisons. The test and retest of two questionniares were completed by male(n=110) and female(n=111) middle school students with two and three weeks interval each. Kappa(or weighted kappa) were calculated from each questions and validity coefficients were estimated from those statistics. In Korean version of written questionnaire, the questions for allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and food allergy proved to have high kappa values (or weighted kappa values) and validity coefficients and they can be used in further studies without any correction. But some questions about asthma(especially nocturnal cough, wheezing in exercise, and severe asthma) and drug allergy need to be revised for better under-standing to study subjects. Video questionnaire has the same degree of reliability and validity when compared to written questionnaire and this is the unexpected result. Accordingly, it also need to be revised to overcome the racial and cultural differences of the study subjects. In conclusion, the Korean version of written and video questionnaires may be considered to be useful methods in international and regional comparisons of asthma and allergic diseases in childhood after correction of some questions.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.42-54
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• 2018

Background: Allergic diseases like such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and rhinitis have recently increased both domestically and globally. The present study was undertaken to select candidates with anti-allergic activity from plant resources. Methods and Results: Fifty-six plant extracts at $20{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ were screened against ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase production and interleukin (IL)-4 release in degranulated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 cells. The anti-allergy activity of three plant extracts selected from the preliminary screening experiment, Polygonatum sibiricum F. Delaroche (root), Pyrus pytifolia var. culta (Makino) Nakai (leaf), and Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Steud (root) were measured at concentrations of $2-250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in three cell lines as RBL-2H3, HaCaT and Jurkcat T cells. The assay showed the root extract of R. glutinosa to have an inhibitory activity of 4.2% - 28.6% on ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase production from IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. Each extract of P. sibiricum and R. glutinosa reduced IL-4 release in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells, respectively. The leaf extract of P. pyrifolia var. culta showed a significantly potent suppressive effect of 10.2% - 74.7% on the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ in HaCaT cells sensitized with TNF-a and INF-g, and showed inhibitory effect of -8.6% - 90.9% on the mRNA expression of IL-2 in Jurkat T cells sensitized with PMA and A23187. Conclusions: The results showed that the root of R. glutinosa and leaf of P. pyrifolia var. culta could be useful candidates as antiallergy materials.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.69-75
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• 2010

Objectives : The root and rhizome of "Gangwhal" have been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of cold, fever, headache, swelling, arthritis, rhinitis, and cardiovascular diseases in Korea and china. In china, Gangwhal is well known as a useful oriental medicinal plant that treats cardiovascular diseases such as stroke, headache and hypertension, but little research exists about the effect of O. koreanum on cardiovascular disease. Therefore we investigated the vasorelaxant effects of O. koreanum and compared the vasorelaxant effects of four species of Gangwhal. Methods : The vasorelaxant effects of the ethanol extracts of Ostericum koreanum (NK and BK), Notopterygium incisium (NI), and N. forbesii (NF) on phenyleprine ($1{\mu}M$) or KCl (60mM) pre-contracted rat thoracic aorta rings were compared. The vasorelaxant effects of the water extract and ethanol extract of NK on phenyleprine ($1{\mu}M$) or KCl (60mM) pre-contracted rat thoracic aorta rings were compared. And the vasorelaxant effects of chloroform, ethylacetate and water fraction of ethanol extract of NK on phenyleprine ($1{\mu}M$) or KCl (60mM) pre-contracted rat thoracic aorta rings were compared. Results : Ethanol extracts of NK, BK, NI and NF relaxed rat thoracic aorta rings with a concentration-dependent manner, and NK showed the greatest vasorelaxant effect. And ethanol extract of NK was much more effective than water extract of NK. Finally, chloroform, ethylacetate and water fraction of ethanol extract of NK also relaxed rat thoracic aorta rings, and chloroform fraction showed the greatest vasorelaxant effect.

• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.221-233
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• 2015

Pollen is closely related to health issues such as allergenic rhinitis and asthma as well as intensifying atopic syndrome. Information on current and future spatio-temporal distribution of allergenic pollen is needed to address such issues. In this study, the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling (CMAQ) was utilized as a base modeling system to forecast pollen dispersal from oak trees. Pollen emission is one of the most important parts in the dispersal modeling system. Areal emission factor was determined from gridded areal fraction of oak trees, which was produced by the analysis of the tree type maps (1:5000) obtained from the Korea Forest Service. Daily total pollen production was estimated by a robust multiple regression model of weather conditions and pollen concentration. Hourly emission factor was determined from wind speed and friction velocity. Hourly pollen emission was then calculated by multiplying areal emission factor, daily total pollen production, and hourly emission factor. Forecast data from the KMA UM LDAPS (Korea Meteorological Administration Unified Model Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System) was utilized as input. For the verification of the model, daily observed pollen concentration from 12 sites in Korea during the pollen season of 2014. Although the model showed a tendency of over-estimation in terms of the seasonal and daily mean concentrations, overall concentration was similar to the observation. Comparison at the hourly output showed distinctive delay of the peak hours by the model at the 'Pocheon' site. It was speculated that the constant release of hourly number of pollen in the modeling framework caused the delay.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 1998

BACKGROUND : The purpose of this study was to investigate the new effective oriental medical treatments in pediatric diseases and its clinical applicability. METHOD : The study was composed of 1725 new patients who had been treated at the pediatric unit in the Dongguk Bun-Dang Oriental Medicine Hospital for 1 year, from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 1997, and had ages between 0 and 18 years. The chief complaint was mainly categorized by oral examination on patients and their care-givers. RESULT 1. The ratio of male to female was 1.35:1 and the number of each age group and its percentage distribution was 228 patients (13.2%) for the age group between 0 and 1 year, 746 patients (43.2%) between 2 and 6 years, and 751 patients (43.6%) for the age group over 7 years. 2. The chief complaint of the new outpatients was weakness, asthma, common cold, sinustis, skeletal disease, atopic dermatitis, stomach-ache, short stature, diarrhea, nasal blooding, night terror, allergic rhinitis, gastric disorder, enuresis, dermatitis, strabismus in the order of majority.3. The number of patients and its percentage for the most three complaints was 494 patients (28.6%) for weakness, 647 patients (37.4%) for respiratory disease, 144 patients (8.3%) for digestive disease. 4. The digestive disease tended to increase in summer, and appeared mostly in the age group between 0 and 2 years. The respiratory disease increased In inter-season and winter, but decreased significantly in summer. The age group between 1 and 5 years was the largest group of respiratory disease. CONCLUSION 1. The chief complaint in pediatric diseases that needed an oriental medical treatment was mainly the disease that tends to take long time and the weakness, and appeared frequently in digestive and respiratory diseases. 2. The oriental medical treatment was still preferred as a way to improve the weakness by patients, rather than a way to overcome their disease. In particular, the study shows that the oriental medical treatment should be emphasized in terms of preventing the disease. 3. The new diseases, which were developed with the change of human life and environment, (atopic dermatitis, enuresis, short stature, obesity, dysthymic disorder, strabismus), should be investigated as a new field of oriental medical treatment.