• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.444-451
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• 1983

Valve replacement in children and adolescents, aging below 20 years [Mean 15 years 4 months], has been done at Seoul National University Hospital from March 1977 to September 1982 . Seventy-Seven patients have received 91 artificial valves 4 prosthetic valves and 87 bioprosthetic valves. 63 patients had acquired valve lesions and 14 patients had congenital valve lesions. Among the patients with acquired valve lesion, 32 patients had the history of rheumatic fever. Seventy-five patients survived operation: 12 patients [ 15.6%] died within one month postoperatively and 3 patients [3.9%] during the follow-up period with the overall mortality rate of 19.5% Thromboembolic complication occurred in 3 patients with 2 deaths: 3.9% embolic rate or 3.74% emboli per patient-year. One patient who had been on coumadin anticoagulation died from cerebral hemorrhage. Actuarial survival rate was 77.6% at 1 years after surgery, after then there were no death.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2410-2414
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• 2008

Human heart valves diseased by congenital heart defects, rheumatic fever, bacterial infection, cancer may cause stenosis or insufficiency in the valves. Treatment may be with medication but often involves valve repair or replacement (insertion of an artificial heart valve). Bileaflet mechanical heart valves (BMHVs) are widely implanted to replace the diseased heart valves, but still suffer from complications such as hemolysis, platelet activation, tissue overgrowth and device failure. These complications are closely related to both flow characteristics through the valves and leaflet dynamics. In this study, the physiological flow interacting with the moving leaflets in a bileaflet mechanical heart valve (BMHV) is simulated with a strongly coupled implicit fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method which is newly organized based on the Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) approach and the dynamic mesh method (remeshing) in FLUENT. The simulated results are in good agreement with previous experimental studies. This study shows the applicability of the present FSI model to the complicated physics interacting between fluid flow and moving boundary.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.128-137
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• 1978

Aspirin and prednisolone have been used alone or in combination in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. We have investigated the significance of the difference of the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities between single and concurrent administration of aspirin and prednisolone in rats by using carrageenan as a phlogistic agent and brewer's yeast as a fever inducing agent. When prednisolone (9mg/kg) and aspirin (24mg/kg) were administered orally alone or in combination, both of the concurrent and single adminstration inhibited highly significantly the swelling of rat paw and the concurrent adminstraiton of aspirin and prednisolone showed the significantly higher inhibitory effects than aspirin single adminstration did, whereas there were not any significant differences between the prednisolone single adminstration and combined adminstration. The combined drug of aspirin and prednisolone marketed in Korea contains 148mg of aspirin and 1.15mg of prednisolone in a tablet. Therefore, we examined the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of aspirin (150mg/kg), prednisolone (1mg/kg) and their combination. In anti-inflammatory effects, both of the concurrent and single administration inhibited higly significantly the swelling of rat paw, and the concurrent adminstration exhibited the significantly higher inhibitory effects than aspirin or prednisolon alone did. In antipyretic effects both of the concurrent and the single adminstration reduced significantly the brewer's yeast-induced fever. The effect of concurrent administration was greater than that of prednisolone single adminstration, whereas the effect of aspirin single adminstration was similar to that of combination. The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects are intensified by the concurrent adminstration of aspirin and prednisolone, but the antipyretic effects of enough doses of aspirin (150mg/kg) is comparable to that of the combination preparation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.921-930
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• 2010

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is the most common rheumatic childhood disease; its onset is before 16 years of age and it persists for at least 6 weeks. JRA encompasses a heterogeneous group of diseases that is classified according to 3 major presentations: oligoarthritis, polyarthritis, and systemic onset diseases. These presentations may originate from the same or different causes that involve interaction with specific immunogenetic predispositions, and result in heterogeneous clinical manifestations. An arthritic joint exhibits cardinal signs of joint inflammation, such as swelling, pain, heat, and loss of function; any joint can be arthritic, but large joints are more frequently affected. Extra-articular manifestations include high fever, skin rash, serositis, and uveitis. The first 2 types of JRA are regarded as T helper 1 (Th1) cell-mediated inflammatory disorders, mainly based on the abundance of activated Th1 cells in the inflamed synovium and the pathogenetic role of proinflammatory cytokines that are mainly produced by Th1 cell-stimulated monocytes. In contrast, the pathogenesis of systemic onset disease differs from that of other types of JRA in several respects, including the lack of association with human leukocyte antigen type and the absence of autoantibodies or autoreactive T cells. Although the precise mechanism that leads to JRA remains unclear, proinflammatory cytokines are thought to be responsible for at least part of the clinical symptoms in all JRA types. The effectiveness of biologic therapy in blocking the action of these cytokines in JRA patients provides strong evidence that they play a fundamental role in JRA inflammation.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.180-185
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• 1995

1. Purpose The accurate diagnosis and proper treatment of group A streptococcus should be emphasized concerning about possible development of late sequelae, such as acute rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis. We would like to know the recover rate of beta-hemolytic streptococci by throat swab culture at the in-patient 2. Methods The throat swab cultures and filled up flow-sheets were undertaken on 619 children who had admitted to hospital, KyungHee university hospital from may 1994 to april 1995 prospectively. At the same time on admission, throat culture was performed. 3. Results The highest recover rate of BHS(Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci)and GAS(Group A Streptococci) were seen in above 10 years old, as 9.1% and 1.9%. BHS were obtained in 39 cases(6.3%) among 619 children while GAS was obtained in 3 cases (0.4%). Among 39 specimens of BHS, 33 specimens were classified as non-grouping streptococcus. 4. Conclusion The poor recovery rate of GAS inpatient compared with normal carrier rate is likely due to possible antibiotic abuse, errors in processing samples, and epidemiologic factors such as seasons and geographic areas. It is necessary to evaluate the clinical significance of non-A,B,C,G streptococcal infections and carriers.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.107-107
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• 2022

Scrophularia koraiensis Nakai is widely used to remedy fever, edema, and neuritis. S. koraiensis has harpagoside and angoroside C, these compounds have been reported to alleviate inflammation, rheumatic diseases, and analgesic stimulation. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract of S. koraiensis (SKE) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced macrophages. At cellular levels, SKE decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO), the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cytokines (IL-1b, TNF-a, and IL-6) under the LPS stimulation. SKE inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and its inhibitor (IκB-α). In addition, SKE suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In conclusion, SKE could be considered a potential resource for attenuating inflammation response and it may be utilized in the material for cosmetics, food additives, and tea.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 1983

Between 1974 and 1982, 31 patients from 7 to 15 years of age have undergone valve replacement for their acuqired cardiac valvular diseases at Seoul National University Hospital. Furteen patients (45.2%) had a definite history of rheumatic fever and only 4 patients (12.9%) had atrial fibrillation on their preoperative electrocardiograms. Characteristically, the valvular lesions were ones of insufficiency with or without associated stenosis in all patients except only one whose mitral valve was tightly stenotic. Thrity-seven valves were replaced in 31 patietns including a case of successful replacement of his failed xenogragt mitral valve : 4 mechanical valves were used in 3 patients and 33 xenograft valves were used in the remaining 28 patients. The size of the valves were not the major problem at the time of opertion because most of the patients had a dilated heart from disease. There were 3 diaths within 30 days of surgery (9.7% operative mortality rate) and 3 late deaths (9.7% late mortality rate) with an overall mortality rate of 19.4%. Twenty-eight early survivors were followed up for a total of 488 patient-months. Thromboembolic complications occurred in 5 patients with 2 deaths: cmbolic rate of 17.9% or the actuarial embolic incidence of 12.29%/patients-year. four xenograft tissue valves in 4 patients had failed during the period from 19 to 41 months of surgery with an overall valve failure rate of xenograft of 14.3% or the actuarial incidence of 9.84% failure/patient-year. One of these 4 patients had required replacement of his failed mitral xenograft valve which had severe calcification and tissue disruption with primary tissue failure rate of 3.6% or the actuarial incidence of 3.13% failure/patient-year. The actuarial survial including the operative morality was 50.0% at 5 years of surgery. /the actuarial incidence free from thromboembolism in bioprosthetic group was 85.4% at 42 months, while it was 33.4% in mechanicial group at 60 months after operation. The actuarial incidence free from overall valve failur of 100.0% until 18 months after surgery was followed by a rapid decrease during the next 2-year period, and it was only 17.8% at the follow-up end of 42 months after surgery. It was suggested that the major advantage of low thrombogenecity with xenograft valve should be balanced against the high incidence of accelerated valve failure when it is used in children whose age is younger than 15 years old. The possible role of recurrent rheumatic attacks to the early failure of xenograft tissue valve was also discussed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.13-26
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• 2003

Background and Objectives: Bee venom therapy is a new acupuncture theraphy using both acupuncture effect and a medical effect that the biochemical peculiar material affects body. The bee venom theraphy is efficacious of injecting region of disease and acupoint with extracting bee venom from bee and processing it. There have been more than 20 dissertations in Korea about bee venom and the bee venom research has actively been carrying done in other countries such as US, China, Russia, Northern Europe since 1980s. This paper is to understand the trend of arthritis and bee venom, and will be contributed to further bee venom study by analyzing local and international theses. Material and Method: This paper is reported by analyzing the dissertations regarding arthritis and bee venom of Korea and other countries and referencing PubMed. The reference terminology is as follows. bee venom, bee venom therapy, apitoxin, apitherapy, bee sting, bee sing therapy, arthritis, rheumatoid, rheumatic arthritis and so on. Results and Conclusions: The following result have been obtained. 1. Bee venom has an effect on both in vivio and in vitro of arthritisthis with suppressing inflammation, fever and pain. 2. Occasionally bee venom may induce either pain or inflammation. 3. Bee venom induces acute pain in healthy condition, while it suppresses inflammation and pain in regional inflammation state. 4. Bee venom may either induce or suppress pain and inflammation according to the used dosage.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.311-314
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• 1996

Eighteen patients (13 female and ave male) aged from 15 to 62 years (mean age 42.6 years) underwent excision of cardiac myxoma(17 left atrial, one right atrial) between 1985 and 1994 at Pusan National University hospital. All patients complained of exertional dyspnea and most had a few additional symtoms including palpitation, chest pain, syncope, general weakness, weight loss, fever, cough and epigastric disconyort. The diagnosis was made by echocardiography alone in left atrial myxomas but a myxoma in right atrium was diagnosed incidentally during mitral valve replacement for rheumatic valvular heart disease. The tumor attachment sites were fossa ovalis in 13, other interatrial septum in 4, mitral valve annulus in one and free wall of left atrium in two cases. The tumor was excised successfully via right atriotomy in 8 and biatriotomy in 10 cases. There was no hospital nor late death, and no recurrent case during the follow up period. Curative surgical excision of cardiac myxoma can be performed with low morbidity and very low r currence rate.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2013

Objectives : It has been reported that higher percentage of B cells react with monoclonal D8/17 antibody in patients with rheumatic fever, childhood onset obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette's disorder, or prepubertal anorexia nervosa. The purpose of this study is to replicate the previous studies in a Korean young population with tic disorder and to identify any relationship between D8/17 and clinical symptoms. Methods : The binding of D8/17 to B cells was determined in patients with tic disorder (N=21) and healthy controls (N=9) by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter analysis. Results : In the sample examined by this study, the average percentage of B cells expressing D8/17 in tic disorder was 2.05%; healthy controls was 3.15%. No statistically significant differences were found in the mean percentages of D8/17 between the two groups. Conclusion : The expression of D8/17 in B cells was very low in this study. No subjects with tic disorder or healthy controls was above 12% in D8/17 positive proportion. Further studies, including higher number of patients and control group members, should be performed.