Purpose: The present study was conducted to compare the centration of RGP lens on cornea when lens was fitted based on keratometric astigmatisms measured by keratometer and the lens centration when fitted by corneal topography. Methods: Thirty eight eyes of 19 male and female in their twenties were applied RGP lens with 9.9 mm of diameter by the keratometric astigmatisms classified by the measurement with a keratometer. Then, lens centrations were estimated using high speed camera and compared with the lens centration when fitted by total keratometric astigmatism using corneal topography. The relationship of the steepest location of cornea and lens centration was further compared. Results: With the rule astigmatism, lens centration was not changed even with the difference in central and total keratometric astigmatisms. When the relationship of the steepest part of cornea measured by corneal topography and lens centration was analyzed, the lens centration in vertical direction was exactly correlated with the steepest part of cornea in 52.3% of subjects. In the case of non-correlation, the steepest part of cornea was mostly upper part of cornea, however, lens centration was located on lower part of cornea. The lens centration in horizontal direction was exactly correlated with the steepest region of cornea in 65.6% of subjects. In non-correlated case, the difference in cornea curvatures between the steepest and the flattest parts was smaller than 0.05 mm in 76.9% of subjects. Conclusions: From these results, we conclude that corneal topographic patterns may more contribute the centration of RGP lens on cornea than the difference in central and total keratometric astigmatisms.
This paper investigates the effect of recycled glass powder (RGP) on flowing properties of self-compacting mortars (SCMs) containing different ratios of fillers and superplasticizer dosages. Fly ash (FA), nano-silica (NS), micro-silica (MS), metakaolin (MK) and rice husk ash (RHA) are used as fillers and their synergistic effect with RFP is studied. The effects of fillers and high-range water reducer (HRWR) on flowing ability of mortars are primarily determined by slump flow and V-funnel flow time tests. The results showed that for composites with a higher RGP content, the mortar flowing ability increased but tended to decrease when the composites containing 10% MK or 5% RHA. However, the flowing ability of samples incorporating 5% RGP and 10% SF or 25% FA showed an opposite result that their slump flow spread decreased and then increased with increasing RGP content. For specimens with 3% NS, the influence of RGP content on flowing properties was not significant. Except RHA and MS, the fillers studied in this paper could reduce the dosage of HRWR required for achieving the same followability. Also, the mixture parameters were determined and indicated that the flowability of mixtures was also affected by the content of sand and specific surface area of cement materials. It is believed that excess fine particles provided ball-bearing effect, which could facilitate the movement of coarse particles and alleviate the interlocking action among particles. Also, it can be concluded that using fillers in conjunction with RGP as cementitious materials can reduce the material costs of SCM significantly.
Purpose: Usefulness in predicting the power of spherical rigid gas-pearmeable (RGP) lenses prescription using dioptric power matrices and arithmetic calculations was evaluated in this study. Noncycloplegic refractive errors and over-refractions were performed on 110 eyes of 55 subjects (36 males and 19 females, aged $24.60{\pm}1.55$years) in twenties objectively with an auto-refractometer (with keratometer) and subjectively. Tear lenses were calculated from keratometric readings and base curves of RGP lenses, and the power of RGP lenses were computed by a dioptric power matrix and an arithmetic calculation from the manifest refraction and the tear lens, and were compared with those by over-refractions in terms of spherical (Sph), spherical quivalent (SE) and astigmatic power. Results: The mean difference (MD) and 95% limits of agreement (LOA=$MD{\pm}1.96SD$) were better for SE (0.26D, $0.26{\pm}0.70D$) than for Sph (0.61D, $0.61{\pm}0.86D$). The mean difference and agreement of the cylindrical power between matrix and arithmetic calculation (-0.13D, $-0.13{\pm}0.53D$) were better than between the others (-0.24D, $0.24{\pm}0.84D$ between matrix and over-refraction; -0.12D, $0.12{\pm}1.00D$ between arithmetic calculation and over-refraction). The fitness of spherical RGP lenses were 54.5% for matrix, 66.4% for arithmetic calculation and 91.8% for over-refraction. Arithmetic calculation was close to the over-refraction. Conclusions: In predicting indications and powers of spherical RGP lens fitting, although there are the differences of axis between total (spectacle) astigmatism and corneal astigmatism, Spherical equivalent using an arithmetic calculation provides a more useful application than using a dioptric power matrix.
Kim, Ra-Jeong;Lee, Soo-Jung;Kim, Mi-Joo;Hwang, Cho-Rong;Kang, Jae-Ran;Jung, Woo-Jae;Sung, Nak-Ju
Journal of agriculture & life science
/
v.44
no.6
/
pp.159-170
/
2010
This study was aimed to evaluate the effects garlic such as fresh garlic powder (FGP), red garlic powder (RGP) and black garlic powder (BGP) by lyophilized, on serum lipid metabolism in obese rats induced high fat diet. Food efficiency ratio (FER) of the experimental groups was lower than the control group and it was significant difference. Total lipid content of serum decreased from 7.0 to 20.9% compared to the control group. Especially, triglyceride content decreased from 40.8% (BGP) to 42.1% (RGP) group as compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in HDL-C content between groups fed garlic powder and normal group. LDL-C contents of the experimental groups were lower than the control group, but has not showed significant diggerence compared to control group. Total lipid content was significantly increased in liver compared to the control group, but decreased over 30% in RGP and BGP groups to the control group. The lipid level in feces was increased by feeding periods of garlic powder, while total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly increased in feces of RGP group. TBARS content in serum and liver of RGP and BGP groups was significantly decreased than the control group. Antioxidant activity of serum was 68.05% in the RGP group, which was significantly higher than the control group. From the above result, we suggested that red and black garlic powder were effective in the improvement of lipid level in obese rats induced high fat diet.
Kim, Young-Hoon;Baarg, Saangbai;Kim, Kwang-Bae;Kim, Dae-Hyoun;Lim, Byung-Kwan;Sun, Kyoung-Ho
Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
/
v.12
no.3
/
pp.7-17
/
2007
There has been an increase in rigid gas permeable contact lens prescription by the optometrists in Korea since 1995. Therefore, the aim of our study was to find out which equipment is needed for adequate RGP contact lens prescription and the level of the clinical knowledge that they have and the level of education for the patient, to seize about the extended lens education programmes for the Korean optometrist. Also, we tried to figure out the problem that they had in the RGP contact lens prescription, to develope the educational programs for students and to improve legal uncertainties, through this research. The result came out with the following through questionnaires of 400 male and female opticians who is in clinical field. The distributions of respondents are 270 male (67.5%), 130 female (32.5%), and 356 optometry major (89%). We found out the optometry-majored people had faster clinical lens prescriptions (p=0.000), 72.5% of opticians prescribe the RGP-Lenses, and 27.5% do not because of laking in experience (P=0.000). They responded that they need slit-lamp, button lamp, fluorescein dry paper, and etc,for prescription or fitting test. In regular-check-up (Follow-up), the result came out very low by 83% of respondents who are not getting it regularly. And 83.5% (334 people) of them wanted to have those Extended Educational Programs and also the Clinical Education Programs.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the visual performance by contrast sensitivity (CS) and disability glare (DG) in low astigmatic eyes corrected with toric soft lenses and other optical corrections. Methods: Twenty university students with myopia (-1.00 to -6.50D Sph. with astigmatism up to 1.50 cyl) were enrolled and corrected by five different methods: 1) soft toric lenses; 2) spherical soft contact lenses; 3) RGP lenses; 4) best spectacle corrected visual acuity; 5) spherical equivalent spectacles. All subjects had corrected vision acuity of 20/20 or better. Contrast sensitivity and disability glare were measured using the OPTEC 6500 contrast sensitivity view-in tester included the EyeView Functional Vision Analysis software at photopic or mesopic conditions with glare. Results: At photopic condition, best corrected spectacle wearers had the highest monocular contrast sensitivity at all spatial frequency followed by soft toric lenses, RGP lenses, spherical equivalent spectacles, and spherical soft contact lenses. However, all of them were in normal contrast sensitivity value at photopic condition. At mesopic condition with glare, toric soft lenses were the highest and followed by RGP lenses, spherical equivalent spectacles, best spectacle corrected visual acuity and spherical soft contact lenses. It was observed that spherical soft contact lens wearers demonstrated lower range than normal contrast sensitivity value at mesopic condition with glare. Conclusion: Toric soft lenses gave better visual performance than spherical soft lenses in low astigmatic eyes. Subjects requiring the use of contact lenses under mesophic conditions could benefit from toric soft lenses.
To develop a functional probiotic that inhibits gingipain, a major virulence factor of Porphyromonas gingivlais (P. gingivalis), we screened over 30 probiotic strains for their ability to inhibit gingipian activity. We investigated the inhibition of expression of gingipain genes kgp, rgpA, and rgpB as well as gingipain activity, using freeze dried cell-free supernatants of Weisiella cibaria SPM402 (WC402) and Lactobacillus paracasei SMP412 (LP412), both of which demonstrated antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis. Thus, it was verified that kgp expression was reduced by approximately 0.71±0.02 folds and rgpB expression was reduced by approximately 0.71±0.14 folds at a concentration of WC402 10 mg/mL. Meanwhile, at the same concentration of 10 mg/mL of LP412, kgp expression was reduced by approximately 0.19±0.08 folds, rgpA expression was reduced by approximately 0.09±0.02 folds, and rgpB expression was reduced by approximately 0.24±0.03 folds. At a concentration of 10 mg/mL, Kgp activity was inhibited by approximately 78.65±3.58% (cell associated gingipain, CAG), 82.45±1.22% (cell-free gingipain, CFG) by WC402 and 80.71±2.11% (CAG), and 85.81±0.05% (CFG) by LP412 respectively. Rgp activity was also effectively inhibited by approximately 78.6±1.01% (CAG), 86.78±0.47% (CFG) and 82.93±1.26% (CAG), 88.81±0.36% (CFG) by WC402 and LP412 respectively. Based on these results, W. cibaria SPM402 and L. paracasei SPM412 can be regarded as functional probiotics with the ability to inhibit gingipain activity and exhibit antibacterial effects against P. gingivalis.
We have measured the spectral transmittances of UV blocking soft contact lenses, regular soft contact lenses and regular RGP lenses using the method suggested in ANSI Z80.20 standard. In order to evaluate visible light transmitting and UV blocking characteristics, we have calculated transmittances by integrating over the specific spectral ranges, i.e., visible light, UVA, UVB and UVC. We found that mean transmittances of visible light for all three categories were over 90.0 % which could be considered as within acceptable range for a contact lens. The transmittance of the UVA and UVB radiation for the UV blocking soft lenses except some cases was within UVR (Ultraviolet radiation) transmittance standard. The UV blocking ability of regular soft and RGP lenses was poor as rather expected. These results will be expected to assist clinical opticians and practitioners in utilizing the transmittance characteristics about the contact lens.
Byun, Hyun Young;Lee, Eun Jung;Oh, Dae Hwan;Kim, So Ra;Park, Mijung
Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
/
v.20
no.2
/
pp.237-246
/
2015
Purpose: The present study was conducted to reveal the correlation of structural denaturation and decrease of enzyme activity when the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were repeatedly exposed to UV-B, and further investigate whether the denaturation and inactivation of those enzymes can be effectively blocked by using UV-inhibitory RGP lens. Methods: Each enzyme solution was prepared from the standardized SOD and CAT, and repeatedly exposed to UV-B of 312 nm for 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours a day over 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days. Structural denaturation of SOD and CAT induced by repeat UV-B irradiation was confirmed by the electrophoretic analysis, and their enzyme activity was determined by the colorimetric assay using the proper assay kit. At that time, the change in structure and activity of the antioxidant enzymes directly exposed to UV-B was compared to the case that UV-B was blocked by UV-inhibitory RGP lens. Results: SOD exposed repeatedly to UV-B showed the polymerization pattern in the electrophoretic analysis when it repeatedly exposed for 30 min a day, however, the change of its activity was less than 10%. On the other hand, CAT repeatedly exposed to UV-B reduced size and density of the electrophoretic band which indicated a structure denaturation, and its activity was significantly decreased. In the case that the repeat exposure time was longer, CAT activity was completely lost even though some enzyme band occurred in the electrphoretic analysis. In addition, the degeneration of CAT due to UV-B irradiation was inhibited to some extent by using RGP lens with a UV-B blocking of 63.7%, however, it was not completely inhibited. Conclusions: From these results, it was revealed that the structural denaturation of antioxidative enzymes was not perfectly correlated with the reduction in enzyme activity according to the type of enzyme. It is recommended to minimize the exposure time to UV when wearing contact lens, or wear the contact lenses having UV blocking rate of the FDA Class I blocker or the sunglasses having equivalent UV-blocking rate for reducing the damage of antioxidative enzymes induced by UV.
The Anterior surface and posterior surface of rigid gas permeable(RGP) contact lenses has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Results point out that the ultrastructure of contact lenses surface was some different on the anterior and posterior surface of RGP. The Quantitative study of surface roughness suggest that the anterior surface was more smooth than the posterior surface. These results suggest that the materials characters appeared the contact lens surface. The morphology of the anterior and posterior surface have different, Maybe, these result have a manufacture processing of the contact lenses. But some surface appeared a foreign body particles.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.