• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.249-253
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• 2019

Purpose: We aimed to analyze the trend in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) use in Korea from 2011 to 2018. Materials and Methods: We collected data from the Health and Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) big data based on the National Health Insurance Service claims and reimbursements records using primary treatment planning codes (HD 041) for IMRT from 2011 to 2018. We analyzed the changing patterns in clinical application to specific tumor sites and regional differences in IMRT utilization. Results: The use of IMRT has exhibited an 18-fold steep rise from 1,921 patients in 2011 to 34,759 in 2018. With regard to IMRT in 2018, 70% of patients (24,248/34,759) were treated in metropolitan areas (Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi Province). IMRT was most commonly used to treat breast, lung, and prostate cancers in 2018. Among these, the use of IMRT for breast cancer shows the most remarkable increase from 2016 when the National Health Insurance began to cover IMRT for all solid tumors. Conclusion: The use of IMRT is steadily increasing to treat cancer and is concentrated in metropolitan areas.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to develope energy eco-audit evaluation scheme for the sustainable energy management at schools in accordance with education for sustainable development. Energy eco-audit evaluation scheme was developed through critical review of preexisting evaluation methods, consensus searching for the process from field. The results of this study are as follows. The school energy eco-audit evaluation scheme has three criteria: data collection, energy program, and environmental review. First, criteria of data collection includes general affairs, school building construction, and energy use. Second, criteria of energy program stresses school administration system such as the democratic decision-making process and structures. Third, criteria of environmental review includes reporting process and preparing teaching/learning materials for sustainable energy management. In conclusion, school energy eco-audit evaluation scheme could find a new way to achieve extended effect for sustainable energy management in school. It also could continue to seek opportunities to raise their awareness of energy issue and environment. School committee and whole school are involved to continue to implement present action plan and prepare updated plan in order to reduce environmental impact in school. By doing so, it would be possible to play important role in both school administration and education for sustainable development.

• BMB Reports
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.179-183
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• 2014

Investigators planning to use animals in their research and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) members who review the research protocols must take personal responsibility for ensuring that they have the skills and knowledge to perform their duties, applying the Three Rs principles of Russell and Burch. The two Korean laws introduced in 2008 and 2009 regulating animal use for scientific purposes in line with the Three Rs principles have been revised a total of 11 times over the last 6 years. Both regulatory agencies, e.g., the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, provide regular training based on the legal requirements. Based on the amended Animal Welfare Act, the IACUC appointment framework has been upgraded: appointments are now for two-year terms and require a qualified training certificate issued by the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency since 2012. The authors reviewed the current curricular programs and types of training conducted by the two governing agencies through Internet searches. Our Internet survey results suggest that: a) diversity should be provided in training curricula, based on the roles, backgrounds and needs of the individual trainees; b) proper and continued educational programs should be provided, based on trainees' experiences; and c) active encouragement by government authorities can improve the quality of training curricula.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.409-422
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• 2021

The growing use of prescription analgesic opioids has rapidly escalated the treatment of chronic pain since the 1990s; however, it is also highly needed to control opioid-related issues, including opioids misuse, abuse, and addiction. In 2018, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) secretariat administered the survey on opioids use and policies to OECD countries and presented it at the Health Committee meeting of December 2018. This study aimed to review the opioids use in OECD countries and their policies to prevent and reduce associated harms, also seek the available policy lessons from OECD countries. More recently, opioids prescribing rate have been increased 14.7% between 2011-2013 and 2014-2016 and steadily focused on the main substance misused and abused in Korea. In addition, policy efforts have contributed to developing a guideline for prescribing opioids to steer the appropriate use of prescription analgesic opioids since 2000 in Korea, so it is not enough to control opioids compared with other OECD countries. Therefore, taking a people-centered and public health perspective, it will consider the health system policies and interventions at a national level to improve their preparation and approach to control opioid-related issues.

• 의료법학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.153-185
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• 2020

불가항력 의료사고 보상사업의 근거 법률인 현행 「의료사고 피해구제 및 의료분쟁 조정 등에 관한 법률」 제46조제1항에서는, 보건의료인이 충분한 주의의무를 다하였음에도 불구하고 불가항력적으로 발생한 '분만에 따른 의료사고'를 사업의 대상으로 정하고 있다. 또한, 동법 시행령에서 보건의료기관개설자 중 분만실적이 있는 자가 보상재원의 30%를 부담하게 규정하고 있는바, 이에 대하여 헌법재판소에서는 2015헌가13 결정을 통해 의료분쟁조정법에서 위 사업의 분담금 납부의무자의 범위와 보상재원의 분담비율을 시행령에 위임하였다고 하여 헌법에 위반되지 않는다고 결정한 바 있다. 그러나 이는 의료진으로 하여금 의료과실이 없는 분만사고에 대하여 금전적으로 보상하게 하는 것으로 과실책임주의를 배제한 것인바, 이 제도의 본질이 사회보상적 성격을 갖는 사회보장제도의 일종이라면, 보건의료개설자의 비용분담 규정을 삭제하고 국가가 비용 전부를 부담하는 방법을 고려할 수 있을 것이다. 다만, 이와 더불어 의료사고 원인분석 및 재발방지 조치 등 의료기관의 노력을 강화하기 위한 제도적 장치를 함께 검토할 필요가 있다. 더불어, 의료분쟁조정법상 보건의료개설자가 부담하여야 할 보상재원의 분담비율의 상한을 정하는 것이 포괄위임금지원칙의 취지에 부합할 것이다. 한편, 의료사고 보상심의위원회의 분담금 지급기준과 관련하여, 시행령에서 보상의 기준이 되는 재태주수, 출생체중 등을 적시하고, 그 세부기준을 의료사고 보상심의위원회에서 정함이 타당하다. 마지막으로 불가항력 의료사고 보상사업에서 보상의 회색지대를 방지하기 위함은 물론, 의료'과실'이 규범적 판단임을 고려할 때 위 동법 제48조 제1항의 규정에서 '보건의료인의 과실이 인정되지 않는다는 취지의 감정서가 제출되고'의 요건은 삭제하는 것이 바람직하며, 반드시 의료중재원 조정·중재절차가 선행되어야 하는 현행의 규정을 개선할 필요가 있을 것이다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a standard instrument of pattern identification and evaluation for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).Methods: The advisory committee for this study was organized by 12 professors of traditional Korean medicine from the Korean Association of Traditional Oncology. The items and structure of the instrument were designed based on a review of previous publications. We revised the instrument in consultation with the advisory committee and received additional advice via email.Results: We divided the symptoms and signs of CIPN into four pattern identifications: wind arthralgia (風痺), cold arthralgia (寒痺), dampness arthralgia (濕痺), and arthralgia of the deficiency type (虛痺). We obtained the mean weights to reflect the standard deviations from each symptom of the four pattern identifications, which were scored on a 5-point scale by the advisor committee. After we obtained the answers to discrimination between variable symptoms (變症) and ordinary symptoms (素症) from the 12 experts, we gained the final weight from the combination of the ratio of pattern identification to the number of total answers of the advisory committee and the mean weight.Conclusions: The Instrument on Pattern Identification and Evaluation for CIPN was developed through a discussion between 12 experts. There was a limitation that the validity and reliability of this instrument have not been proven. However, the significance of this study was that it is the first Instrument on Pattern Identification and Evaluation aimed at assessing CIPN in traditional Korean medicine.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.241-265
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• 2013

은행은 오직 서류만을 기초로, 서류가 문면상 일치하는 제시인지 여부를 심사하여야 하며, 물품이나 기초거래 또는 기타 거래관련 사항들을 심사할 필요는 없다. 은행은 제시서류의 형식 충분성 정확성 진정성 위조 여부 또는 법적효력에 대하여 어떠한 의무나 책임도 지지 아니한다. 본 논문의 연구 목적은 신용장거래에서 은행의 서류 심사에 관하여 고찰하는바, 특히 국제상업회의소(ICC)가 제정한 신용장통일규칙(Uniform Customs and Practices for Documentary Credit, 2007 Revision, ICC Publication No.600)과 국제표준은행관행(International Standard Banking Practice, ISBP Publication No.745), Banking Committee의 견해 및 영국의 판례를 중심으로 연구를 진행하였다. 그동안 신용장에 대하여는 그 중요성만큼이나 다양한 분야에서 연구가 진행되어 왔으며, 특히 은행의 서류심사 기준과 요건, 서류심사표준과 불일치서류 제시에 따른 효과, 사기의 문제 및 수익자의 일치하는 제시에 따른 개설은행의 의무 등 다수의 논문이 발표되었다. 선행연구와의 차별성에 관하여, 본 논문은 은행의 서류심사 시 고려사항과 서류불일치에 따른 은행의 조치를 중심으로 UCP600 규정(UCP500과의 비교)의 해석은 물론 2013년 발행된 ISBP745와 다수의 외국판례를 분석 고찰함으로써 실무당사자들에게 필요한 사전지식과 정보를 제공하는데 의의를 두었다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.287-305
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• 2016

본 연구는 기업 지배구조 개선을 위한 핵심 통제장치임에도 불구하고 지금까지 지배구조 개선과 관련하여 중요하게 여겨지지 않았던 경영자 유인보상제도가 다른 기업 지배구조 통제장치와 어떠한 상호관련성을 가지는지를 확인해 보고 기업 지배구조 통제장치가 기업가치에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 확인해보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 경영자 유인보상제도에 대한 대리변수로 보상위원회 도입을 고려하였고 기업 지배구조 통제 장치로 외부 대주주의 감시통제(외부 대주주 지분율), 외국인 투자자의 감시통제(외국인 지분율), 소유-경영의 결합을 통한 지배구조 개선(경영자 지분율), 사외이사 제도(사외이사 비율), 채권자의 감시 통제(부채비율), 기업이 속한 산업에서의 경쟁강도(경쟁강도) 등을 고려하여 보상위원회 도입과의 상호관련성과 기업 가치에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 금융업을 제외한 유가증권 시장에 상장된 기업을 대상으로 회귀분석을 통해 실증분석한 결과를 요약하면, 먼저 보상위원회 도입과 기업 지배구조 통제장치 사이의 상호관련성을 확인한 결과 상호관련성이 거의 없는 것으로 나타났고, 일부 변수에서 기업 지배구조 통제장치와 보상위원회 도입 사이에 상호관련성 보다는 인과관계가 확인되었다. 또한 기업 지배구조 통제장치가 기업가치에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 보상위원회 도입 여부와 외국인 지분율만이 기업가치에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 이런 결과는 아직까지 국내 대부분의 기업에서 기업 지배구조 개선을 위한 유용한 통제장치로 경영자 유인보상제도를 적극적으로 활용하고 있지 않고, 기업 지배구조 개선을 위해 도입한 사외이사 제도 등이 기업가치 증대에 긍정적인 역할을 수행할 수 있도록 하는 제도적 개선 등이 필요하다고 결론지을 수 있겠다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.653-660
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• 2010

Along with the steady growth of health functional food (HFF) markets, research evaluating the human effects of HFF has been expanding. In this study, we investigated the regulatory and management system of human study on HFF in the USA, Japan and UK, and the Korean domestic regulations on HHF, medicines, medical devices, cosmetics and biotechnology in order to improve the domestic management system. In these four countries, institutional review board (IRB) or research ethics committee (REC) approvals are required for on human study of HHF, but regulatory and management systems differ from country to country. In the USA, human studies on HFF for structure/function claims do not require the FDA's prior approval but clinical trials of the disease treatment effects of HHF require prior approval from the FDA. In the USA, IRBs are managed by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) rather than the FDA, and IRBs in those institutions which would execute the clinical trials requiring prior approval from the FDA or human studies funded by the USA federal government are required to be registered on the DHHS. In the UK, although the government does not require prior approval of human study, authorized RECs managed by the National Research Ethics Service (NRES) and other independent RECs review the human study. In Japan, human study for HFF must conform with "Ethical guidelines for epidemiological research" and IRB registration has not been required. In Korean domestic regulations, the responsibilities, compositions, functions and operations of IRBs on medicines, medical devices and biotechnology are legally specified, but not those of IRB on HHF. These foreign statuses for the management of human study on HFF and comparisons with Korean regulations are expected to be used as basic data to improve the domestic legal system.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2011

In this study, the internal development of the Saemangeum basic concept of the changes being promoted as a lead construction and agricultural land works(54.2 km) has established a numerical model for the scenario. Inner dike to the construction site to reflect the following conditions to reproduce the numerical model by each areas during construction inner dike where scour expected to perform a numerical analysis for the hydraulic review by areas with possible future changes were to predict. Simulation results showed that numerical simulation results for scour expected frequency of 100 years in flood conditions is simulated with 0.02 m/s~l.27 m/s scour velocity for high-impact factor is considered to be stable. Each start point and end point work area of inner dike reviewed and flow rate of 100 years flood, the velocity distribution in the influx of a large flow rate of 0.02 m/s~1.68 m/s occur during construction inner dike are not being evaluated as a special issue does not occur will be considered according to the method and order of construction inner dike stability review suggests that the future need to be made.