• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.9-18
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• 2023

Climate change affects the safety of river revetments, especially those associated with external flooding. Research on slope reinforcement has been actively conducted to enhance revetment safety. Recently, technologies for producing embankment blocks using recycled materials have been developed. However, it is essential to analyze the impact of block shapes on the flow characteristics of exclusion zones for revetment safety. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of revetment block shapes on the hydraulic characteristics of revetment surfaces through 3D numerical simulations. Three block shapes were proposed, and numerical analyses were performed by installing the blocks in an idealized river channel. FLOW-3D was used for the 3D numerical simulations, and the variations in maximum flow velocity, bed velocity beneath the revetment, and maximum shear stress were analyzed based on the shapes of the revetment blocks. The results indicate that for irregularly sized and spaced revetment blocks, such as the natural stone-type vegetation block (Block A), when connected to the revetment in an irregular manner, the changes in flow velocity in the revetment installation zone are more significant than those for Blocks B and C. It is anticipated that considering the topographical characteristics of rivers in the future will enable the design of revetment blocks with practical applicability in the field.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.167-170
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• 1999

Recently, it is often reported that many rivers are polluted with diverse swages etc. Concrete blocks for retaining wall and revetment is considered as one of the reasons that bring about water pollution, which is indicated by the grouops related to the conservation of environment. From the viewpoint of theoretical matters, although concrete blocks for retaining wall and revetment are know to have no relations to water pollution, it is required to measure the level of water pollution more accurately. Therefore, in this paper, analysis of water, which concrete blocks for retaining wall and revetment is put in for certain periods, are carried out in order to the level of water pollution.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.5-12
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• 2015

A large amount of dredged soils occur in the marine purification project but dredged fine-grained soils have been abandoned as a waste. The standards as filling materials, banking materials, revetment blocks and concrete blocks were surveyed. Through the geotechnical tests of marine dredged fine-grained soils and the alkali-activation reaction, the usability as banking materials, revetment blocks and concrete blocks were analyzed. Dredged sands could be used as banking materials, and dredged fine-grained soils could be used as filling materials. A mixture of dredged fine-grained soils and dredged sands could be used as banking materials. Materials produced by the alkali-activation reaction could be used as a revetment block and a concrete block.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.42-51
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• 2022

Aggregate resources in Korea are expected to run out owing to an increase in development demand and construction investment. Recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), extracted from waste concrete, have a lower quality than natural aggregates. However, RCA can produce concrete similar in quality to the normal concrete by aggregate pretreatment, use of admixtures, and quality control. RCA are most suitable for use in precast concrete products such as sidewalk blocks and revetment blocks. Herein, the feasibility of producing revetment blocks using recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), similar in quality to normal concrete, was analyzed. The amount of RCA was varied, and moderate high early strength cement and steam curing were used to produce the concrete test blocks. In the block test, the load resistance characteristics of the blocks were evaluated to determine optimal RAC and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebar compositions. Thus, the variable that reduced the cement content was determined at the same level as that of natural aggregate concrete by the control of steam curing. In the concrete block test, although this depends on the reinforcement ratio, the RAC block exhibited the same or better performance than a normal concrete block. Therefore, the low quality of RCA in RAC is no longer a problem when concrete mixing and curing are controlled and appropriate reinforcement is used.

• KCID journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.56-67
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• 2009

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.29 no.B
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• pp.207-213
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• 2009

The propose of this study is to survey the revetments installed in Gangwon Province for identifying their characteristics. The survey showed that in eastern Gangwon Province, gabion, retaining wall and concrete blocks took about 63% or more, and in western Gangwon Province, dry wall, gabion and retaining wall, 68% or more. Gabion and dry wall had better vegetation coverage in western Gangwon Province than in eastern Gangwon Province. That is thought to be due to slope of river and under-water frequency.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 2011

This study has analyzed the vegetation composition in the areas using different slope revetment techniques of riverbanks, in a way to improve the vegetation induction in the future considering the ecological aspects of the induction in Garaeyoul Village, Gangdong-gu, Seoul. The result of the vegetation distribution in each different slope revetment technique was analyzed, that the naturalized herb was dominant in the pole block accounting for 70.7%, while native herb was dominant in the lawn block occupying 48.5% and in the crib block occupying 55.7%. The vegetation coverage measured by different slope revetment techniques was highest in the crib block(average 97.5%), followed by the lawn block(average 95.3%) and pole block(average 27.9%). The vegetation base area was the most wide in the crib block and the most narrowest in the pole block. The result of community analysis in areas using different slope revetment techniques, dry herbs and vine herbs were dominated and the coverage was very poor in the pole block. In the lawn block, the barb was fragmented into narrow areas due to the blocks, which prevented the creation of large-scale plant communities. In the crib block, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Fescue arundinacea and Aster pilosus, which also consisted of large-scale communities. Average dry weight was also measured by each slope revetment technique. The weight was heaviest in the crib block with $187.63g/m^2$, followed by the lawn block($137.65g/m^2$) and pole block($6.75g/m^2$). The soil moisture contents in the crib block and lawn block was 16.3% and 15.2%, respectively, while that of the pole block was 4.7%, which revealed the highly dry condition of the pole block soil. The analysis result of soil chemical property showed that there was little difference in soil texture, soile acidity(pH), and exchangeable ion content, however, the soil organic matter(OM) content and available $P_2O_5$ were highest in the pole block. In the future, in order to induce more vegetation into river banks and walls, a proper construction method should be applied so that the vegetation area can be expanded as much as possible, considering the safety of the banks.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.667-667
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• 2012

호안블록을 설치하는 목적은 제방의 비탈면 및 저수로 하안을 강수나 유수에 의한 침식작용으로부터 보호하는데 있다. 근래에 들어서는 친수성, 경관, 생태계 보전 및 재생 등과 같은 기능을 가진 다양한 호안블록의 시공이 이루어지고 있는데 이러한 국내 상황은 호안블록에 관한 수리적 연구와 안정성 검토의 필요성을 증가시키고 있다. 현재 국내에서는 호안의 설계 및 시공시에는 하천공사 표준시방서 등을 이용하고 호안블록 제작에는 콘크리트 표준 시방서 등을 이용하고 있다. 그리고 이런 시방서의 내용들은 호안블록 설치 후 호안의 안정성을 보장하는 듯 하다. 하지만 이는 모두 호안블록의 재료 및 설치 기준에 관한 지침서일 뿐이며, 어느것도 호안블록 설치 이후에 호안의 안정성을 보장하지는 않는다. 따라서 현재 국내 상황을 고려한 호안블록 주변의 수리특성에 관한 연구와 안정성 평가 기법의 개발은 매우 시급한 과제이다. 본 연구에서는 한국건설기술연구원 안동 하천실험센터 실규모 수로에 최근 미국과 일본에서 적용하고 있는 호안블록의 안정성 평가 지침을 참고하여 호안블록 시험구간을 설치한 뒤, 서로 다른 형태의 호안블록 두 종류에 대하여 실험을 수행하였다. 실험에 사용된 호안블록은 실재 현장에서 사용되는 블록과 동일한 제품을 사용하였다. 실험 결과 두 종류의 호안블록에서 모두 기반 토층의 침하 현상이 발견되었으며, 그 중에서 블록 중앙에 구멍이 있는 형태의 호안블록의 경우에는 구멍 내부에서 발생한 강한 세굴 현상이 침하로 이어져 결국에는 호안블록이 설치된 구간 전체가 파손되는 양상을 보였다. 또한 유속이 빠른 구간에서 블록의 파손이 더 심화되는 양상도 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.122-130
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• 2016

The past few decades of industrialization enabled human-centered stream developments, which in turn resulted in constructing straight or covered streams, which are used only for sewage disposal purpose. However, these types of streams have become the cause of flood damages such as localized heavy rain. In response, various construction methods have been implemented to prevent stream and embankment damages. However, regulations regarding these measures only lay out minimum standards such as the height of slopes and the minimum angle of inclination. Moreover, examination of tractive force, the most crucial factor in preventing flood damage, is nonexistent. Therefore, this study evaluates various tractive forces by implementing a porous concrete tetrapod at a full scale artificial stream for experiment, controlling the rate of inflow, and measuring the velocity and depth of the stream under different experiment conditions. The test results of the compressive strength, and porosity and density of rock of the porous concrete tetrapod was between 16.6 and 23.2 MPa, and the actual measurement of air void was 10.1%, thus satisfying domestic standard. The result of tractive force experiment showed a limiting tractive force of $47.202N/m^2$, not satisfying the tractive force scope of $67N/m^2$ the stream design working expertise proposes. However, there was neither damage nor loss of blocks and hardpan. Based on previous researches, it can be expected that there will be resistance against a stronger tractive force. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct another experiment on practical limiting tractive force by adjusting some experimental conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.229-238
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• 2024

This study evaluated the odor removal performance of a bacteria-based odor reduction kit. The bacteria used were Rhodobacter capsulatus, Paracoccus limosus, and Brevibacterium hankyongi, which can remove ammonia (NH₃), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), total nitrogen (T-P), and total phosphorus (T-N), which are odor pollutants. The materials used were bacteria and porous aggregates (expanded vermiculite, zeolite beads, activated carbon), and the combination of the materials varied depending on the removal mechanism. Materials with a physical adsorption mechanism (zeolite beads and activated carbon) gradually slowed down the concentration reduction rate of odor pollutants (NH₃, H₂S, T-P, and T-N), and had no further effect on reducing the concentration of odor pollutants after 60 hours. Expanded vermiculite, in which bacteria that remove odors through a bio-adsorption mechanism were immobilized, had a continuous decrease in concentration, and the concentration of odor pollutants reached 0 ppm after 108 hours. As a result, the odor removal performance of materials with physical adsorption mechanisms in actual river water did not meet the odor emission standard required by the Ministry of Environment, while the expanded vermiculite immobilized with bacteria satisfied the odor emission permissible standard and achieved water quality grade 1.