• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.645-650
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• 2015

Image restoration is required when the image is blurred due to out of focus or motion during the image acquisition. This type of image restoration is known as ill-posed inverse problem because the estimate of an original image should be derived from only one blurred image. This paper introduces a reference image to facilitate the restoration process. The experimental result shows that computation time is significantly reduced, compared with other methods. The proposed method obtains the estimate of the kernel used in blurring processing. New cost function is defined to update both the image and the kernel alternately. In the last stage, Wiener filter produces the estimate of an original image using the kernel and the reference image.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.431-434
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• 2001

The mechanical and phase transformation of the cold isostatically pressed $\alpha$-SiC ceramic were investigated as a function of the sintering temperature. The result of phase analysis by XRD revealed 6H, 4H, 3C and phase transformation between 6H and 4H showed a sudden change over 200$0^{\circ}C$. However, the alongrightarrow$\beta$ reverse transformation did not occur to any sintering temperature. The relative density and the mechanical properties of $\alpha$-SiC ceramic was increased with increased sintering temperature. The flexural strength rapidly inclosed below 210$0^{\circ}C$ and showed the highest value of 410 MPa at 220$0^{\circ}C$. This reason is because crack was propagated through surface flaw. The fracture toughness showed the highest value of 3.3 MPa.m$_{1}$2/ at 220$0^{\circ}C$.

• Mycobiology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2015

A mutant library of Cordyceps militaris was constructed by improved Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and screened for degradation features. Six mutants with altered characters in in vitro and in vivo fruiting body production, and cordycepin formation were found to contain a single copy T-DNA. T-DNA flanking sequences of these mutants were identified by thermal asymmetric interlaced-PCR approach. ATP-dependent helicase, cytochrome oxidase subunit I and ubiquitin-like activating enzyme were involved in in vitro fruiting body production, serine/threonine phosphatase involved in in vivo fruiting body production, while glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase and telomerase reverse transcriptase involved in cordycepin formation. These genes were analyzed by bioinformatics methods, and their molecular function and biology process were speculated by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. The results provided useful information for the control of culture degeneration in commercial production of C. militaris.

• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.331-335
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• 2010

In this study, we developed an efficient electroporation-mediated transformation system featuring Flammulina velutipes. The flammutoxin (ftx) gene of F. velutipes was isolated by reverse transcription-PCR. pFTXHg plasmid was constructed using the partial ftx gene (410 bp) along with the hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene (hygB) downstream of the glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) promoter. The plasmid was transformed into protoplasts of monokaryotic strain 4019-20 of F. velutipes by electroporation. High transformation efficiency was obtained with an electric-pulse of 1.25 kV/cm by using 177 transformants/${\mu}g$ of DNA in $1{\times}10^7$ protoplasts. PCR and Southern blot hybridization indicated that a single copy of the plasmid DNA was inserted at different locations in the F. velutipes genome by non-homologous recombination. Therefore, this transformation system could be used as a useful tool for gene function analysis of F. velutipes.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1080-1085
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• 2005

A hybrid control scheme is proposed for the stabilization of backward movement along simple paths for a vehicle composed of a truck and six trailers. The hybrid comprises the combination of a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and a neurocontroller (NC) that is trained by a genetic algorithm (GA). Acting singly, either the NC or the LQR are unable to perform satisfactorily over the entire range of the operation required, but the proposed hybrid is shown to be capable of providing good overall system performance. The evaluation function of the NC in the hybrid design has been modified from the conventional type to incorporate both the squared errors and the running steps errors. The reverse movement of the trailer-truck system can be modeled as an unstable nonlinear system, with the control problem focusing on the steering angle. Achieving good backward movement is difficult because of the restraints of physical angular limitations. Due to these constraints the system is impossible to globally stabilize with standard smooth control techniques, since some initial states necessarily lead to jack-knife locks. This paper demonstrates that a hybrid of neural networks and LQR can be used effectively for the control of nonlinear dynamical systems. Results from simulated trials are reported.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.16 no.5 s.95
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• pp.354-359
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• 2007

Effects of forging and mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy wheel for automobiles were investigated in the present study. Microstructural and tensile characteristics of automobile wheel after hot forging process using dynamic screw press were analyzed to evaluate effect of metal flow on mechanical properties. The results showed advanced mechanical properties of 6061 alloy wheel because of $Mg_2Si$ precipitation by T6, elongated grain by forging, and work hardening by dense metal flow, etc. Hot compression tests were conducted in order to characterize high temperature compression deformation behaviors and microstructural variation in the range of $300{\sim}450^{\circ}C$, in the strain rate range of $10^{-3}{\sim}10^1\;sec^{-1}$. As strain rate increased, maximum compression stress increased but it was shown the reverse linear relation between temperature and maximum stress irrelevant to strain rate variation. On the other hand, temperature and yield stress didn't have any linear relation and its relation showed big deviation by a function of strain rate and test temperature.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.2165-2170
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• 1997

In this paepr, the distortion effects of impairments in CDMA transmitter system were analyzed. We considered not only linear distortion effects, for example, I/Q imbalance, quadrature offset and carrier leakage, but also nonlinear distortion effects such as AM-AM and AM-PM noise in power amplifier. To investigate how the impariments impact on the performance of CDMA transmitter, all effects represented as a function of CDMA modulation quality which is an important measure of the transmitted signal. These results show the limitation value of each impairment which is required to satisfy the IS-95 standard.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.87-87
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• 2003

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, $^{+}NH_3CH_2CH_2{SO_3}^{-}$) is endogenous $\beta$-amino acid which is essential in fetal nutrition and development and is present in abundant quantities in several tissues of fetus. In utero, taurine deficiency causes abnormal development and abnormal function of brain, retina, kidney and myocardium. Thus, transfer of taurine into fetus is important during embryonic development. Taurine transporter (TauT) has 12 hydrophobic membrane -spanning domains, which is typical of the $Na^{+}$- and $Cl^{-}$-dependent transporter gene family. Among the various biosynthetic enzymes of taurine, cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSD) is the rate-limiting enzyme for biosynthesis of taurine. However, the enzyme activities of taurine biosynthesis are limited in early stage of embryonic development. To analyze the expression period of TauT and CSD during embryonic development, we have investigated the gene expression of TauT and CSD using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in mouse and chicken embryos. RT-PCR anaylsis revealed that both TauT and CSD mRNAs were already expressed at Day-4.5 in mouse embryo. In chicken whole embryo, TauT and CSD mRNAs began to appear on developing times of 48 hrs and 12 hrs, respectively. TauT mRNA was detected in the organs of heart, brain and eye of the day-3 chicken embryo. Our data show that TauT and CSD mRNAs were expressed in early stage of embryonic development.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6863-6867
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• 2013

Phyllanthus emblica (PE) is known to exhibit various pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antimetastatic potential of a PE aqueous extract. Cytotoxicity to human fibrosarcoma cells, HT1080, was determined by viability assay using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol,2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reagent. Cell migration and invasion were investigated using chemotaxis chambers containing membranes precoated with collagen IV and Matrigel, respectively. Cell attachment onto normal surfaces of cell culture plates was tested to determine the cell-adhesion capability. The molecular mechanism of antimetastatic activity was assessed by measuring the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases, MMP2, and MMP9, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The mRNA levels of both genes were significantly down-regulated after pretreatment with PE extract for 5 days. Our findings show the antimetastatic function of PE extract in reducing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion in both dose- and time-dependent manners, especially growth arrest with low $IC_{50}$ value. A decrease in the expression of both MMP2 and MMP9 seems to be the cellular mechanism for antimetastasis in this case. There is a high potential to use PE extracts clinically as an optional adjuvant therapeutic drug for therapeutic intervention strategies in cancer therapy or chemoprevention.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

The inverse Rayleigh model distribution and Rayleigh distribution model were widely used in the field of reliability station. In this paper applied using the finite failure NHPP models in order to growth model. In other words, a large change in the course of the software is modified, and the occurrence of defects is almost inevitable reality. Finite failure NHPP software reliability models can have, in the literature, exhibit either constant, monotonic increasing or monotonic decreasing failure occurrence rates per fault. In this paper, proposes the inverse Rayleigh and Rayleigh software reliability growth model, which made out efficiency application for software reliability. Algorithm to estimate the parameters used to maximum likelihood estimator and bisection method, model selection based on mean square error (MSE) and coefficient of determination($R^2$), for the sake of efficient model, were employed. In order to insurance for the reliability of data, Laplace trend test was employed. In many aspects, Rayleigh distribution model is more efficient than the reverse-Rayleigh distribution model was proved. From this paper, software developers have to consider the growth model by prior knowledge of the software to identify failure modes which can helped.