• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.185-188
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• 2006

We studied on the reverse twist near the pixel edge depending on the rubbing direction for the fringe field switching (FFS) mode. Liquid crystal (LC) dynamic and the transmittance near the pixel edge, where the various field directions are generated, depend on the initial rubbing direction because the position of reverse twist is decided by the angle between the electric direction and the LC director at a bias voltage. For example, when the rubbing angle is $7^{\circ}$, the reverse twist appears on the bottom position of the right sharp comer of the pixel edge so that the reverse region exists far away from main active region. But, when the rubbing angle is $-7^{\circ}$, the reverse twist appears on the top position of the right sharp comer of the pixel edge, resulting that the region becomes more close to the main active area and the unstable disclination lines (DLs) easily intrude into the active region. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the reverse twist region far from the active region and it is possible by controlling the rubbing direction in the design of a pixel electrode.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.214-221
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• 2019

Objective: To investigate the effects of reversing the coiling direction of nickel-titanium closed-coil springs (NiTi-CCSs) on the force-deflection characteristics. Methods: The samples consisted of two commercially available conventional NiTi-CCS groups and two reverse-wound NiTi-CCS groups (Ormco-Conventional vs. Ormco-Reverse; GAC-Conventional vs. GAC-Reverse; n = 20 per group). The reverse-wound NiTi-CCSs were directly made from the corresponding conventional NiTi-CCSs by reversing the coiling direction. Tensile tests were performed for each group in a temperature-controlled acrylic chamber ($37{\pm}1^{\circ}C$). After measuring the force level, the range of the deactivation force plateau (DFP) and the amount of mechanical hysteresis (MH), statistical analyses were performed. Results: The Ormco-Reverse group exhibited a significant shift of the DFP end point toward the origin point (2.3 to 0.6 mm), an increase in the force level (1.2 to 1.3 N) and amount of MH (1.0 to 1.5 N) compared to the Ormco-Conventional group (all p < 0.001), which indicated that force could be constantly maintained until the end of the deactivation curve. In contrast, the GAC-Reverse group exhibited a significant shift of the DFP-end point away from the origin point (0.2 to 3.3 mm), a decrease in the force level (1.1 to 0.9 N) and amount of MH (0.6 to 0.4 N) compared to the GAC-Conventional group (all p < 0.001), which may hinder the maintenance of force until the end of the deactivation curve. Conclusions: The two commercially available NiTi-CCS groups exhibited different patterns of change in the force-deflection characteristics when the coiling direction was reversed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.6_2
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• pp.1055-1062
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• 2022

In this study, the mechanical properties of 80% cold-rolled austenitic 316L stainless steel were evaluated using specimens subjected to reverse transformation at 500-750℃ for 20 minutes and reverse transformation at 700℃ for 2-60 minutes. Also, for the elastic wave obtained from the tensile test, the dominant frequency according to the reverse transformation condition was investigated by time-frequency analysis. The SEM image of the 80% cold-rolled material was transformed into martensite and showed line and cross shapes. The TEM image showed that line shapes were shown at the grain, and grain boundary of martensite. The higher the heat treatment temperature and the longer time, the larger the grain. Tensile strength decreased as the heat treatment temperature and time increased, but elongation increased. Hardness was proportional to tensile strength. This is because the grain with different directions showed the same direction due to reverse transformation. The dominant frequency was decreased and then increased as the temperature and time increased. This is because the direction of the grain is different at a low temperature and the same direction is shown at a high temperature.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.774-783
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• 2020

For the issue of subsurface target localization by reverse projection, a new approach of target localization with different distances based on symmetric sub-array multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is proposed in this paper. By utilizing the particularity of structure of the two symmetric sub-arrays, the received signals are jointly reconstructed to eliminate the distance information from the steering vectors. The distance-independent direction of arrival (DOA) estimates are acquired, and the localizations of subsurface targets with different distances are realized by reverse projection. According to the localization mechanism and application characteristics of the proposed algorithm, the grid zooming method based on spatial segmentation is used to optimize the locaiton efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed localization method and optimization scheme.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.423-426
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• 2006

Distance relays achieve selective tripping by measurement of all short circuit fault conditions inside set reaches. The direction of the fault, forward or reverse is commonly determined with a dedicated measurement to ensure selectivity under all conditions. For the direction decision (measurement) a number of alternatives are available. This paper describes a loop selective direction measurement and illustrates by means of a typical fault why this is superior to a non loop selective direction measurement such as that based on negative sequence quantities.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.129-137
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• 2008

The studies on the logistics has been mainly centered on the logistics information system and logistics performance on the supply chain for the enterprise's profit making. For sustainable development, it's being required the construction of recycling-oriented system, and it's also necessary to construct the efficient system not only in forward but in reverse channel. In addition, it's required to construct information system for supporting reverse logistics smoothly. In this study of manufacturing enterprises, recognition on the environmental problems is set as the adaptation degree to the national environmental regulations and enterprise's concern to the environmental logistics, and it presents the direction through analyzing the effects of such environmental logistics recognition on reverse logistics information system and performance. In order to achieve these aims, it was performed through combining philological and positive studies.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2000

The tensile properties of polyester warp knitted fabrics of satin and reverse satin structure with various lengths of underlap were studied. In the range of low tension, the satin warp knitted fabric showed larger tensile energy and elongation in the direction of $0^\circ$ and larger tensile linearity, tensile resilience and initial modulus in $90^\circ$. Meanwhile, reverse satin one showed larger initial moduli in 0$^{\circ}$ and larger the others in $90^\circ$. In the range of high tension, the tendencies of both fabrics in $0^\circ$ direction were almost the same as those in all direction. As the under laps were shorter for both fabrics, tensile linearity, tensile energy and elongation increased, but tensile resilience decreased in all directions. However initial moduli were changed little.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.12a
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• pp.36-41
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• 2006

Reverse flow (i.e. flow in the direction opposite to the free stream) inside a channel occurs when an obstruction is placed at certain positions near the near to the channel, placed in another wider channel. In this paper the reverse flow in a duct (diameter D) with an obstruction at the front (which is a disc), is investigated using PIV. The gap g between the obstruction and the entry to the duct is systematically varied and it is found that maximum reverse flow occurs at a g/D value of 0.5. The flow is stagnant around g/D of 1.25 and forward flow occurs for g/D values of 1.5 and above.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.67-73
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• 2021

In this study, we installed forward and reverse rotation rotavators on a tractor to measure the load in the field and analyze the power consumed. The rotavator is attached to the rear of the tractor and transmits the power applied from the power take off (PTO) of the tractor to the rotating shaft of the rotavator, and it plows or reverses the soil according to the rotational direction of the rotating shaft. Depending on the rotational direction of the rotavator, the power consumed in the tractor engine and the power transmitted to the tractor axle and rotavator also vary, thus, research of load and power is an essential factor in designing the system. As a field test results, 84.1-93.5% power was consumed by the forward rotation rotavator, and 37.8-57.5% power was consumed by the reverse rotation rotavator. In addition, depending on the rotation direction of the rotavator, the power consumed by the tractor was in the order of PTO and axle. Based on the research results, development of reliable rotavator systems would be possible in the future research.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.60-73
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• 2014

The seaward reverse wave, occurring on the submerged dual porous horizontal plate, can contribute to the reduction of the transmitted wave as it reflects the propagating wave. However, the collision between the propagating and seaward reverse waves increases the water level and acts as a weight on the horizontal plate. This study investigated the characteristics of the wave pressure created by the seaward reverse wave through the analysis of experimental data. The analysis confirmed the following results: 1) the time series of the wave pressure showed reverse phase phenomena due to the collision, and the wave pressures acted simultaneously on both upper and lower surfaces of the horizontal plate; 2) the horizontal plate became repeatedly compressed and tensile before and after the occurrence of the seaward reverse wave; and 3) the seaward reverse wave created the total wave pressure to the maximum towards the direction of gravity, primarily on the upper plate. It was also confirmed that the wave distributions showed a similar trend to the wave steepness. Such outcome of the analysis will provide basic information to the structural analysis of the horizontal plate as a wave dissipater of the steel-type breakwater (STB).