• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 2017

This experiment was carried out to analyze the effects of substrate reuse on the growth and yield of summer paprika in cyclic hydroponics. The test group was divided into a new coco slab, one year reused coco slab two year reused coco slab based on 30% nutrient solution reuse, and was performed from April 18 to November 31, 2016 for 30 weeks. As a result, plant height of early growth was that the 2 year reused slab was longer than the new slab but the final growth period was 56.58 cm shorter. First group flower position was that reused slab was shorter by 2.92 cm than the new slab and the second group flower position was 0.31 cm long. The relative internode length of early growth, when the reused slab was used, the imbalance in the late growth stage was increased compared with the use of the new slab. The number of growth nodes in the 1 and 2 year reused slab was the smallest with 27.4 nodes. However, the number of harvested nodes did not show the difference in the test group, and the ratio of harvested that the 2 year reused slab was the highest at 26.8%. The ratio of unmarketable fruit tended to increase as the growth progressed. Fresh weight was 227.7g for new slab, 219.2g for 2 year reused slab and 21.2g for 1 year reused slab. The dry weight of the new slab increased with the reuse of the slab. It was 17.13g for new slab, 18.26g for 1 year reused, and 19.28g for 2 year reused. The average water content of the entire growth period was smaller as the slab was reused, and the 1 year reused slab was about 20g less than the 2 year reused slab. This trend was steadily occurring throughout the entire growing season. Especially, the reused slab for 1 year was less than 60g after 3 groups compared to other test groups. In conclusion, If will control seriously occurrence of unmarketable fruits by weakening after medium growth in summer-cultivated paprika in EC-based recycling hydroponic cultivation with reused cocopeat substrate, It is not what I have to worry that decrease of the yield and deterioration of the quality due to the change of physical and chemical properties of the slab and the pathogenic bacteria infection.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.493-500
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• 2018

The distribution of standing wreaths has reached about 7.1 million per year and the size of the standing wreath market is estimated to be at least 700 billion won. Among them, 20 to 30 percent are estimated to be reused, resulting in damage to flowerfarms' sales of 110 to 160 billion won per year. Due to the unique characteristics of conventional 3-tier standing wreaths in terms of transportation and installation, companies that lack design expertise have monopolized local distribution markets, and the issue of illegally using standing wreaths has been raised. These issues have highlighted the need for developing new designs and establishing a distribution system to expand the consumption of flowers. This study was carried out to identify consumers' perception of reused standing wreaths and the current systems introduced to prevent the distribution of reused standing wreaths such as the real-name standing wreath production system, the authenticity certificate system, and new standing wreaths. The results of a consumer survey showed that consumers' perception of reused standing wreaths has been high and that reused standing wreaths need to be actively regulated to establish fair trade order and protect consumers' rights. Although the effectiveness of the real-name system, the authenticity certificate system, and new standing wreaths was found to be insufficient, the introduction of these systems was essential and necessary for continuous promotion through broadcasting media.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.29-36
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• 2021

The allowable strength based on experiments and the design allowable strength calculated using the design criteria were compared, which suggested a ratio between the allowable strengths for the reused vertical members of the system scaffolding and system support. By investigating a total of 421 certification reports for reused vertical members, the experimental allowable strengths were collected. Using design criteria such as the road bridge design and KDS 14 30 10, the design allowable strengths were calculated for various slenderness ratios. For the system scaffolding, the average ratio between the experimental and design allowable strengths was calculated to be 0.880 by assuming a normal distribution for all specimens. However, by analyzing the strength ratio according to the slenderness ratio, the lowest average strength ratio was found to be at least 0.844. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the allowable strength of the reused vertical members was 80-84% of the design allowable strength. In addition, assuming the allowable strength to be 85% of the design allowable strength is a possible method for reused vertical members of system supports.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 1992

Air pressure decay (APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those reused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF 15-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained (rom the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAK dialyzers had a larger APD($11.70{\pm}1.32$mmHg/min) compared to CF dialyzers($4.32{\pm}0.55$mmHg/min) (p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHg/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CF and 5 out 26 C DAK) were attributed to the possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD Is a more son sitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.4992-4998
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate that which Goon office buildings were reused from existing buildings and to identify remodeling and extension ways of the reused to match Goon's administration work. This study used literature research method, i.e., analysing the digital images, the annotation, and the official documents between the Japanese government-general of Korea and To(道), and articles of newspapers and journals. The reused were governmental offices of Joseon(朝鮮) dynasty, existing Goon office buildings of Korean empire government and old buildings with unknown purposes. They were remodelled and extended to match Goon's administration work. Common remodelling was making large space with desks for civil petitions and projecting an small entrance from the center of main building's facade. Common extension was constructing accessory buildings with simple wooden structure, locating them to back or side of the reused, and connecting them through external corridor. As many as 30% of 218 Goon office buildings were reused. About 57% of them were replaced as new office buildings, however the number of the new was rapidly decreased after mid 1930s.

• Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.205-213
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• 2017

The current study was performed to investigate the effect of recycling coir substrates on the growth, fruit yield, and quality of strawberry plants. Analysis of physical properties revealed that the pH of a fresh coir substrate was 5.04 while those of substrates reused for one and two years were 5.20 and 5.33, respectively. The electrical conductivity (EC) of a new substrate was as high as $4.58dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. This can cause salt stress after transplanting. The EC tended to decrease as the substrate was recycled, and the EC of a two-year recycled substrate was $1.48dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The fresh substrate had lower nitrogen and calcium concentrations, but higher phosphate, potassium, and sodium concentrations than the recycled coir substrate. The coir substrates recycled for one or two years maintained better chemical properties for plant growth than the fresh substrate. Strawberry growth varied depending on the number of years that the coir substrate was recycled. In general, strawberries grown in substrates that had been reused for two years did better than those grown in substrates that had been reused once or were fresh. Ninety days after transplanting, a plant grown in a substrate that had been reused for two years contained 25 leaves, which was 3.6 more than with a fresh substrate. In addition, the plants grown in a substrate that had been reused for two years exhibited larger leaf areas than those grown in other substrates. Coir substrates that had been reused for one year increased the number and area of leaves, but not as much as the substrate that had been reused for two years. One- and two-year reused coir substrates increased the weight of strawberries produced relative to the unused substrate, but the difference was not statistically significant. The plants grown in two-year reused substrates were longer and wider, as well. Also, the number of fruits per plant was higher when substrates were reused. Specifically, the number of fruits per plant was 28.7 with a two-year reused substrate, but only 22.2 with a fresh substrate. The fruit color indices (as represented by their Hunter L, a, b values) were not considerably affected by recycling of the coir substrate. The Hunter L value, which indicates the brightness of the fruit, did not change significantly when the substrate was recycled. Neither Hunter a (red) nor b (yellow) values were changed by recycling. In addition, there were no significant changes in the hardnesses, acidities, or soluble solid-acid ratios of fruits grown in recycled substrates. Thus, it is thought that recycling the coir substrate does not affect measures of fruit quality such as color, hardness, and sugar content. Overall, reuse of coir substrates from hydroponic culture as high-bed strawberry growth substrates would solve the problems of new substrate costs and the disposal of substrates that had been used once.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.39-42
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• 2002

Recently, CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) technology has been widely used for global planarization of multi-level interconnection for ULSI applications. However, COO (cost of ownership) and COC (cost of consumables) were relatively increased because of expensive slurry. In this paper, we have studied the possibility of recycle of reused silica slurry in order to reduce the costs of CMP slurry. The post-CMP thickness and within-wafer non-uniformity(WIWNU) were measured as a function of different slurry composition. As a experimental result, the performance of reused slurry with annealed silica abrasive of 2 wt% contents was showed high removal rate and low non-uniformity. Therefore, we propose two-step CMP process as follows In the first-step CMP, we can polish the thick and rough film surface using remaked slurry, and then, in the second-step CMP, we can polish the thin film and fine pattern using original slurry. In summary, we can expect the saving of high costs of slurry.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a high gain, current reused ultra wideband (UWB) low noise amplifier (LNA) that uses TSMC 0.18 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technology. To satisfy the wide input matching and high voltage gain requirements with low power consumption, a resistive current reused technique is utilized in the first stage. A ${\pi}$-type LC network is adopted in the second stage to achieve sufficient gain over the entire frequency band. The proposed UWB LNA has a voltage gain of 12.9~18.1 dB and a noise figure (NF) of 4.05~6.21 dB over the frequency band of interest (1~10 GHz). The total power consumption of the proposed UWB LNA is 10.1 mW from a 1.4 V supply voltage, and the chip area is $0.95{\times}0.9$ mm.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 1985

Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.737-746
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• 2013

This research aim is to investigate the rate and pattern of re-using the four-digit personal identification numbers(PINs). 1313 types of PINs were observed by 224 students who took this author's classes from last 2006 to 2011 at A-university. Some students used PINs as few as 3-4 and as many as 12-13. The average is 5.86 per person. The rates of re-using PINs were calculated by each student. 87%(195/224) of students reused PINs and 64% of them reused with just only one type of PINs, 20% reused with 2 types, and about 3% reused with 3-4 types. With respect to PINs, 884 out of the total 1313 PINs were reused, that is around 64.3%. In a broad sense, a pair of slight modification of PINs were also observed, that is, new PINs were partly matched in position or size of numbers of previous PINs. And if the reuse rate falling under the slight modification of PINs, 10.4% is added, about 75% of the PINs were reused in a broad sense. The re-using rate of male students is higher than the one of female students. This paper's results may provide to make plan for hacks of passwords.