• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 2009

The effect of diet supplemented with red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf on antioxidant status of plasma and tissue was investigated in C57BL/6J mice. The mice were randomly divided into two groups after one-week acclimation, and fed a high fat (20%) and high cholesterol (1%) diet without (control group) or with 8% freeze-dried red beet leaf (RBL group) for 4 weeks. In RBL mice, lipid peroxidation determined as 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS value) was significantly reduced in the plasma and selected organs (liver, heart, and kidney). Levels of antioxidants (glutathione and $\beta$-carotene) and the activities of antioxidant enzyme (glutathione peroxidase) in plasma and liver were considerably increased, suggesting that antioxidant defenses were improved by RBL diet. Comet parameters such as tail DNA (%), tail extent moment, olive tail moment and tail length were significantly reduced by 25.1%, 49.4%, 35.4%, and 23.7%, respectively, in plasma lymphocyte DNA of RBL mice compared with control mice, and indicated the increased resistance of lymphocyte DNA to oxidative damage. In addition, the RBL diet controlled body weight together with a significant reduction of fat pad (retroperitoneal, epididymal, inguinal fat, and total fat). Therefore, the present study suggested that the supplementation of 8% red beet leaf in high fat high cholesterol diet could prevent lipid peroxidation and improve antioxidant defense system in the plasma and tissue of C57BL/6J mice.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2010

Background: The target of lumbar sympathetic ganglion block is the anterolateral surface of the L2, 3 and 4 vertebral bodies, where the lumbar sympathetic ganglion usually lies. In most cases, a block-needle is inserted approximately 5-8 cm lateral to spinous process on the skin and directed to the anterolateral surface of vertebral body obliquely. The purpose of this study is to determine the safe entry angle and entry point in Korean by using the abdominal CT scan images. Methods: The abdominal CT images of eighty five patients were recruited to this study. The minimal angle aimed at the lumbar sympathetic ganglion that can pass through the lateral aspect of body and maximal angle that avoids puncturing the kidney, ureter or retroperitoneal space were measured. The distance from midline to skin entry point was also measured. Results: There was no significant difference in entry angle among L2, 3, and 4 level. The entry angle was similar in the right and left side, and in males and females. The entry angle of old age group was significantly smaller than that of young age group. The calculated safe entry angle was $30.5{\pm}0.4^{\circ}$ and entry point was $7.7{\pm}0.2\;cm$ and $6.7{\pm}0.1\;cm$ lateral from midline in males and females respectively. Conclusions: These measurements can be used as a reference for lumbar sympathetic ganglion block and radiofrequency lesioning. Prior to performing the lumbar sympathetic ganglion block for cancer patients, the abdominal CT scan should be reviewed to prevent complications.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.503-510
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a water extract of L. cladonioides (LC) has an anti-obesity effect in 3T3-L1 cells and obese mice. Treatment of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with LC caused a significant increase in glycerol release and reduced the protein expression of the adipogenic transcription factors, $PPAR{\gamma}$ and C/$EBP{\alpha}$. In an animal model, obese mice were artificially induced by a high fat diet for 10 weeks. Experimental groups were treated with LC (100 mg/kg/day) by gavage for the next 10 weeks. At the end of experiment, the body weight of the LC group mice was reduced by 14.2% compared to the high fat diet (HFD) group. The treatment also decreased liver (31.0%), epididymal (18.0%) and retroperitoneal (19.3%) adipose tissue, and kidney (6.7%) weights, respectively, compared with those of the HFD group. LC prevented diet-induced increases in the serum level of TC (22.6%), TG (11.6%), and glucose (35.0%), respectively, compared with the HFD group. However, the HDL-C level was higher in the LC group (26.1%) than the HFD group. The results of this study thus suggest that LC suppressed lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenic transcription factors, and increased the amount of glycerol release. LC also indicated an anti-obese and anti-hyperlipidemic effect.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 2006

Objective : Acute vertebral burst fractures warrant extensive fixation and fusion on the spine. Osteoplasty [vertebroplasty with high density resin without vertebral expansion] has been used to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. We report our experiences with osteoplasty in acute vertebral burst fractures. Methods : Twenty-eight cases of acute vertebral burst fracture were operated with osteoplasty. Eighteen patients had osteoporosis concurrently. Preoperative MRI was performed in all cases to find fracture level and to evaluate the severity of injury. Preoperative CT revealed burst fracture in the series. The patients with severe ligament injury or spinal canal compromise were excluded from indication. Osteoplasty was performed under local anesthesia and high density polymethylmethacrylate[PMMA] was injected carefully avoiding cement leakage into spinal canal. The procedure was performed unilaterally in 21 cases and bilaterally in 7 cases. The patients were allowed to ambulate right after surgery. Most patients discharged within 5 days and followed up at least 6 months. Results : There were 12 men and 16 women with average age of 45.3[28-82]. Five patients had 2 level fractures and 2 patients had 3 level fractures. The average injection volume was 5.6cc per level Average VAS [Visual Analogue Scale] improved 26mm after surgery. The immediate postoperative X-ray showed 2 cases of filler spillage into spinal canal and 4 cases of leakage into the retroperitoneal space. One patient with intraspinal leakage was underwent the laminectomy to remove the resin. Conclusion : Osteoplasty is a safe and new treatment option in the burst fractures. Osteoplasty with minimally invasive technique reduced the hospital stay and recovery time in vertebral fracture patients.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2002

Purpose: Chylous ascites is an accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the peritoneal cavity due to trauma or to an obstruction on the lymphatic system. Postoperative chylous ascites is a rare complication of abdominal surgery. It is frequently reported after retroperitoneal dissections and results in high morbidity and mortality. However, there have been few report of such a complication following a radical gastrectomy. Therefore, we review the clinical analysis and treatment of chylous ascites based on our experience. Materials and Methods: From July 1992 to June 2001, we treated 13 cases of chylous ascites after operations for gastric cancer. We reviewed medical charts of those patients retrospectively. Results: The incidence of chylous ascites after operations for gastric cancer was $0.83\%$ (13/1552). The mean time from ingestion of a meal after the operation to the development of symptoms was 2 days (range: $1\∼6$ days). Conservative treatment by fasting, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and repeated paracentesis was successful in all patients. The mean time from diagnosis to complete resolution was 25 days (range: $2\∼105$ days). Conclusion: Chylous ascites should be considered in any patient with a typical milky color of drainage who has recently undergone radical gastrectomy. Treatment with fasting, TPN, and repeated paracentesis usually is successful.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.417-421
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• 2009

This report describes the normal radiographic and ultrasonographic morphological features of premature minipigs at 4, 8, 12 and 20 weeks of age. Radiographic examination is a simple diagnostic method used to identify the general morphologic state of major organs and their adjacent structures, and to assess the presence of abnormalities. The parameters for evaluation in plain abdominal radiographs are the degree of diffuse serosal margin details, extent of visualization of each organ, their size, shape, and contour, locations of main organs - such as the liver, stomach, spleen, kidneys, urinary bladder - the distribution of the intestines, and assessment of the retroperitoneal space and its contents. Ultrasonographic examinations are used to investigate their internal condition. The parameters for evaluation in abdominal ultrasonography are echogenicity, echotexture, and size and shape of the main organs such as the liver, spleen, kidney, urinary bladder and gastrointestinal tract. Minipigs had similar findings compared to dogs or cats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.613-618
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• 2000

Twelve castrated male Black Bengal goats with an average live weight of 10.3 kg (8 months old) were used in a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement to study the effects of dietary crude protein concentration [20.3% (HP) and 16.9% (LP)] and feeding level [ad libitum and 85% of ad libitum (restricted)] on growth and carcass characteristics. Ad libitum feeding, on average, significantly (p<0.05 to p<0.01) increased daily live weight (6.27 vs -5.86 g), dry mater intake (409 vs 351 g/d), estimated gain in carcass (0.195 vs -0.200 kg) and empty body weight (0.385 vs -0.350 kg), chemically extracted fat in meat sample (6.89 vs 6.48%), depth of M. longissimus dorsi (22.1 vs 18.3 mm) and gut and caul fat (170 vs 130 g) compared with restricted feeding regime. The greater intake of dietary protein from the HP diet resulted in significantly (p<0.05 to p<0.01) greater values for depth (20.9 vs 19.5 mm) and width (32.4 vs 27.9 mm) of M. longissimus dorsi, gut and caul fat (190 vs 110 g) and also perirenal and retroperitoneal fat (85 vs 50 g) than those of the goats that received the LP diet. Similarly, the HP diet had significantly (p<0.05 to p<0.01) higher values for CP digestibility and DCP concentration than those of the LP diet. The results indicated that growth rate and carcass gain were highest in goats fed the HP diet ad libitum and therefore, diet containing 20.3% CP may be suggested for feeding growing goats.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6889-6892
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• 2013

Background: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are a relatively common malignancy in young men. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features and survival of young Turkish patients with TGCT. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, the clinical and pathological characteristics of young Turkish patients with TGCT who were monitored by the Department of Medical Oncology of a military hospital between 2008 and 2013 were investigated. Overall survival data were analyzed. Results: Ninety-six patients were included in the study. The mean age was 26.4 years. Among the patients, 17.7% had seminoma and 43.8% had mixed non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. Some 46.9% were Stage I, 30.2% were Stage II, and 22.9 were Stage III. Of the patients, 83.3% received chemotherapy, 25% underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND), 3.1% received radiotherapy, and 12.5% were followed-up without treatment. In addition, 18.8% of the patients were administered salvage chemotherapy due to relapse or progression. The 5-year overall survival rate was 90.2% for all patients. The 2-year overall survival rate was 100% for Stage I patients, 94% for Stage II patients, and 70.2% for Stage III patients. The difference between the survival curves of stages was statistically significant (p=0.029). Conclusions: In young Turkish patients with TGCT, good results were obtained with appropriate treatment, most receiving chemotherapy. The prognosis of the disease was good even in the advanced stage.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 1995

Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a newly described high-grade lymphoma and is defined by histopathological and immunologic criteria. We experienced a case of systemically involving Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma in a 44 year-old female which initially manifested as pleural effusion. Abdominopelvic CT scan showed the evidence of marked lymphadenopathy in retroperitoneal and both external and inguinal lymph nodes. On cytologic examination of pleural fluid, tumor cells revealed pleomorphic large isolated cells with prominent nucleoli and abundant cytoplasms. The nuclei were large with irregular profiles including some deep invaginations. Also, occasional multilobed/multinucleated and binucleated nuclei were seen. Immunohistochemical examination was performed to differentiate from the undifferentiated adenocarcinoma, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and malignant histiocytosis. The neoplastic cells were positive for leukocyte common antigen, CD3, CD30(Ki-1) but negative for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and CD15. A histologic diagnosis of Ki-1 positive anaplastic lymphoma was made by biopsies of the inguinal lymph node, polypoid lesions of the stomach and cecum.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.525-528
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• 2010

Congenital interruption of the inferior vena cava (IVC) can lead to secondary hepatic congestion, portal hypertension, and liver cirrhosis. A 49-year-old woman was admitted to the gynecology department with symptoms of menorrhalgia, known uterine myoma, and anemia. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and venography performed at our hospital revealed congenital interruption of the IVC. The patient underwent retrohepatic cavoatrial bypass surgery with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 16-mm ringed graft via posterolateral thoracotomy, and recovered without major complications. A retroperitoneal approach via posterolateral thoracotomy provides appropriate visualization during dorsal cavoatrial bypass in treating patients with congenital interruption of IVC.