• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1075-1083
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• 2015

Adipose tissue deposited within muscle fibers, known as intramuscular fat (IMF or marbling), is a major determinant of meat quality and thereby affects its economic value. The biological mechanisms that determine IMF content are therefore of interest. In this study, 48 genes involved in the bovine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, which is involved in lipid metabolism, were investigated to identify candidate genes associated with IMF in the longissimus dorsi of Hanwoo (Korean cattle). Ten genes, retinoid X receptor alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), phospholipid transfer protein, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3, fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase long chain (ACADL), acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 2 branched chain, and fatty acid binding protein 4, showed significant effects with regard to IMF and were differentially expressed between the low- and high-marbled groups (p<0.05). Analysis of the gene co-expression network based on Pearson's correlation coefficients identified 10 up-regulated genes in the high-marbled group that formed a major cluster. Among these genes, the PPARG-FABP4 gene pair exhibited the strongest correlation in the network. Glycerol kinase was found to play a role in mediating activation of the differentially expressed genes. We categorized the 10 significantly differentially expressed genes into the corresponding downstream pathways and investigated the direct interactive relationships among these genes. We suggest that fatty acid oxidation is the major downstream pathway affecting IMF content. The PPARG/RXRA complex triggers activation of target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation resulting in increased triglyceride formation by ATP production. Our findings highlight candidate genes associated with the IMF content of the loin muscle of Korean cattle and provide insight into the biological mechanisms that determine adipose deposition within muscle.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.14.1-14.9
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• 2016

Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPA) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRA) are nuclear transcription factors that play important roles in regulation of adipogenesis and fat deposition. The objectives of this study were to characterise the variability of these three candidate genes in a mixed sample panel composed of several cattle breeds with different meat quality, validate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a local crossbred population (Angus - Hereford - Limousin) and evaluate their effects on meat quality traits (backfat thickness, intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition), supporting the association tests with bioinformatic predictive studies. Results: Globally, nine SNPs were detected in the PPARG and CEBPA genes within our mixed panel, including a novel SNP in the latter. Three of these nine, along with seven other SNPs selected from the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database (SNPdb), including SNPs in the RXRA gene, were validated in the crossbred population (N = 260). After validation, five of these SNPs were evaluated for genotype effects on fatty acid content and composition. Significant effects were observed on backfat thickness and different fatty acid contents (P < 0.05). Some of these SNPs caused slight differences in mRNA structure stability and/or putative binding sites for proteins. Conclusions: PPARG and CEBPA showed low to moderate variability in our sample panel. Variations in these genes, along with RXRA, may explain part of the genetic variation in fat content and composition. Our results may contribute to knowledge about genetic variation in meat quality traits in cattle and should be evaluated in larger independent populations.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.405-408
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• 2004

레티노이드 효과가 나타나는 것을 목적으로 하여 다양한 히드록삼산 유도체를 합성하였고, 레티노익산 수용체에 대한 전사 활성을 측정하여 스크리닝하였다. 합성된 화합물 중에서 N-(4-N-hydroxycarbamoyl)phenyl) [4-(tort-butyl)phenyl] carboxamide (2f)가 수용체에 대한 가장 강력한 적합성을 나타내었다. 히드록삼산 구조에서 산도를 나타내는 히드록시기는 쉽게 이온화하여 음이온을 형성한다. 형성된 히드록삼산의 음이온은 레티노익산의 음이온과 유사한 역할을 한다. 이와 같이 히드록삼산 화합물이 레티노이드 효과를 나타내는 예는 이전에 알려진 바가 없다. 화합물 2f의 레티노이드 효과는 레티노이드와 연관된 유전자의 발현 증가 효과로 한번 더 검증하였다. 노화 원료로서의 가능성을 확인하기 위해서 MMP-1의 발현 억제능을 레티노익산, 레티놀과 비교하여 살펴보았다. 10 uM 농도에서 화합물 2f는 MMP-1의 발현을 억제하였다. 이와 같은 결과로 화합물 2f는 항노화 원료로서의 가능성을 가지고 있다.