• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.169-178
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• 2024

Recently, several attempts have been made to integrate AI into the field of dentistry. To overcome the limitations of traditional fixed prosthetic fabrication methods such as CAD-CAM (computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing), AI programs are being developed for automated crown fabrication, and various studies are underway to applicate in clinical situation. In these case studies, single-unit fixed prostheses were fabricated using an AI program (Dentbird Crown, Imagoworks Inc, Seoul, Korea) in both the anterior and posterior regions and the fabrication time and accuracy were compared with previously used CAD-CAM method. The first case is a 44-year-old woman who presented for re-fabrication of a zirconia prosthesis due to a prosthesis fracture on the lingual side of the upper right lateral incisor. The second case is a 53-year-old male patient who presented for a crown restoration on an upper left first molar following root canal treatment, where he received a final zirconia restoration. In both cases, the first prosthesis was designed manually using a CAD program, the second prosthesis was designed using AI alone, and the third prosthesis was designed using AI and then modified by CAD program, and the three designs were superimposed to compare suitability. When evaluated after temporary placement, the final prosthesis demonstrates adequate stability, retention and support, resulting in functional and esthetic satisfaction.

• School Science Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 2018

This study was to develope a high school education program for students to understand features of organisms and classify them using everyday life materials, which are in 'Biodiversity and Evolution' unit of Biology II subject, by applying IMSA(Illinois Mathematics & Science Academy) problem based learning. The program made students perform IMSA problem based learning stages for 3 periods and do homework. Students' task was that they, as a curator in the Museum of Natural History, had to make an exhibition panel which explains 3 domains and 6 kingdoms by using items in a supermarket. The program was revised through a validity test of experts and high school teachers in biology education. It was completed by applying to 77 high school students in Incheon. A rubric was devised to assess students' product as well. The students showed an interest in learning and understood learning content well. After class, there was a long term retention, in which they try to apply knowledge to their everyday life. A supermarket has an advantage in that it is a place where students could easily get access without time limit and meet diverse organisms. In addition, presenting a specific place could provide creative thinking opportunity for students. This study has significance for learning through connecting biology classification with everyday life materials

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.317-327
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• 2024

Implant-fixed prostheses and removable partial dentures are standard treatments for partially edentulous patients. Recently, implant-assisted removable partial dentures have become popular as a cost-effective and practical solution, especially for patients who cannot receive full-arch fixed prostheses. This method enhances retention, support, and stability, particularly in cases with few remaining teeth that are biomechanically disadvantaged. This case report presents a partially edentulous patient who had lost multiple teeth and implants in the maxilla and had an uneven occlusal plane. Considering the patient's general health and oral hygiene capability, the treatment plan was adjusted to avoid additional surgeries. Instead, the remaining teeth and Locator (Locator attachments, Zest Anchors LLC, Escondido, CA, USA) attachments were used to create an implant-supported removable partial denture. The Functionally Generated Path (FGP) technique was used to customize the occlusal surfaces of the artificial teeth. The outcomes were satisfactory for both the clinician and the patient, suggesting the effectiveness and practicality of this approach. This case highlights the potential benefits of these methods.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.9
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• pp.3835-3850
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• 2024

The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) with spherical fuel elements contains complex pebble flow. The flow behavior of pebbles is influenced by various factors, such as pebble density, friction coefficient, wall structure, and discharge port size. Using a GPU-DEM numerical model, the effects of the friction coefficient on the cyclic loading and unloading of pebbles in the full-scale HTR-PM are studied. Numerical simulations with up to 420,000 spherical pebbles are conducted. Four sets of friction coefficient values are determined for comparative analysis based on experimental measurements. Discharging speed, residence time, stress, porosity, and velocity distribution are quantitatively analyzed. In addition, a comparison with the CT-PFD experiment is carried out to validate the numerical model. The results show that near-wall retention phenomena are observed in the reactor core only when using large friction coefficients. However, using friction coefficient values closer to the measured experimental values, the pebble bed in HTR-PM exhibited good flow characteristics. Furthermore, the friction coefficient also influences the porosity and velocity distribution of the pebble bed, with lower friction coefficients resulting in lower overall stress in the bed. The discharge outlet's influence varies with different friction coefficient values. In summary, this study demonstrates that the value of the friction coefficient has a complex influence on the pebble flow in HTR-PM, which provides important insights for future numerical and experimental studies in this field.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.173-191
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• 2024

This study aims to investigate the impact of the leadership styles of organizations on the organizational commitment of instructors dispatched to social welfare facilities. To achieve this, a survey was conducted with 253 instructors working in welfare facilities, and the results were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. The analysis included frequency analysis, reliability and validity testing, correlation analysis, hypothesis testing, and mediation effect analysis. The findings of this study are as follows: First, servant leadership significantly affected organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and mindfulness. Second, transactional leadership had a significant impact on organizational commitment but did not significantly influence job satisfaction or mindfulness. Third, both mindfulness and job satisfaction were found to significantly affect organizational commitment. Fourth, there was a significant relationship between mindfulness and job satisfaction. These results suggest that leaders who exhibit servant leadership in organizations where dispatched instructors work have a more meaningful impact on increasing the instructors' organizational commitment compared to leaders who display transactional leadership, which may help reduce turnover rates. Additionally, the job satisfaction and mindfulness of dispatched instructors were found to influence organizational commitment, contributing to lower turnover rates and encouraging long-term employment. The mutual influence between job satisfaction and mindfulness enhances the self-efficacy of dispatched instructors, which in turn improves the quality of instruction, positively impacting young children and the elderly. This study sets servant leadership and transactional leadership as independent variables affecting organizational commitment, while examining the mediating roles of job satisfaction and mindfulness. The findings provide foundational data for enhancing organizational commitment among dispatched instructors, reducing turnover, and promoting long-term retention.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.905-919
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• 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study was to report the clinical course of complex Korean medicine to treat a patient with hemorrhagic transformation following cerebral infarction. Case presentation: A 46-year-old Korean male was hospitalized with cerebral infarction followed by hemorrhagic transformation classified as parenchymal hematoma type 2. Based on the symptoms and condition, the pattern identification of the patient was deficiency of qi and retention of fluid (Qi-xu, Tan-yin). The patient was treated with herbal medicine, acupuncture, and rehabilitation programs for 187 days. The herbal medicine consisted of modified Geopoongjaeseup-tang (modified Qufeng Chushi decoction) for the first 62 days, followed by another modified Geopoongjaeseup-tang for the next 76 days, and finally Gagamyoonjo-tang (Jiajian Runzao decoction) for the last 30 days, administered 3 times a day. After 187 days, the functional independence measure and modified Barthel index improved (from 75 to 100 and from 44 to 84, respectively), and the MMT of the right upper and lower extremities also improved (from 2+ to 3+ and from 3+ to 4, respectively). In particular, right finger flexion improved from 1 to 3- and right ankle and greater toe improved from 1+ to 4. There were no reports of adverse effects of the treatment. Conclusion: The results suggest that complex Korean medicine treatment for motor and language impairments caused by parenchymal hematoma type 2 hemorrhagic transformation may be effective in improving functions for daily living. Further studies should be conducted with a larger number of patients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.561-569
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• 2014

This study was carried out to get the characteristics of anaerobic digestion for chemical/biological sludge produced from municipal sewage treatment plant for phosphorus. Anaerobic mesophilic batch tests showed that the ultimate biodegradability of waste activated sludge showed 31%, PACl sludge 24%, Alum sludge 26%, respectively. At the S/I 1.0, 75% of total biodegradable volatile solids (TBVS) of waste activated sludge was degraded with an initial rapid decay coefficient, k1 of $0.1129day^{-1}$ and 74% of TBVS of PACl sludge with k1 of $0.0998day^{-1}$, and 76% of TBVS of Alum sludge with k1 of $0.1091day^{-1}$ for 20 days. During the operation of SCFMRs, the 3 reactor (Control, PACl, Alum) pH maintained 6.7~7.0 and the reactor alkalinity maintained 1,800~ 2,200 mg/L as $CaCO_3$. The average biogas production rates of SCFMRs fed with PACl sludge and Alum sludge were 0.089 v/v-d and 0.091 v/v-d, respectively, which was 27~28% lower than that of the control (0.124 v/v-d) at an HRT (hydraulic retention times) of 20 days. And the methane content during the operation ranged 70~76% in 3 reactor. The average TVS removal efficiency of SCFMRs fed with PACl sludge and Alum sludge were 19.6% and 19.9%, respectively, at an HRT of 20 days, which showed 4% lower than that of the control (23.8%). The average BVS removal efficiency of SCFMRs fed with PACl sludge and Alum sludge were 25.8% and 26.9%, respectively, at an HRT of 20 days, which was 8~9% lower than that of the control (34.5%).

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.274-282
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• 1984

In order to study the effect of seed-fertilizer vertical distance with soil moisture and fertilizer levels on the emergence and initial growth, barley cv. Olbori was seeded in the pots filled with sandy loam or loamy sand soils which were adjusted to 80-100% (higher soil moisture) or 50-60% (lower soil moisture) of soil moisture retention percent at 1/10 atmosphere tension. Prior to seeding of barley seed-fertilizer distance was appropriately controlled by adding soils after dressing fertilizer at three levels-normal application ($N:P_2O_5:K_2O=6-9-7kg/10a$), 50% increase of normal dose and double application. In addition, germination experiment was conducted in the various concentrations of fertilizer solutions under room temperature. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Seed-fertilizer vertical distance must be more than three centimeters to avoid from the decrease and retardation of emergence and poor initial growth of bareley by fertilizer application. 2. Emergence of barley more decreased and retarded in sandy soils than loamy soils and was decelerated with increase of application rate in fertilizer and decrease of soil moisture content. 3. Germination rate remarkably decrease from 0.4 percent of nitrogen solution and 0.5 percent of potassium solution and reached zero at 2.3 and 2.4 percent of nitrogen and potassium solutions, respectively. 4. Germination of seeds affected by concentrated fertilizer solutions was remarkably recovered with dilution degree of fertilizer solution.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.478-485
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• 2009

This study was conducted to reclassify Yongheung series based on the second edition of Soil Taxonomy and to discuss the formation of Yongheung series in Jeju Island. Morphological properties of typifying pedon of Yongheung series were investigated and physico-chemical properties were analyzed according to Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual. The typifying pedon contains 3.2~3.4% oxalate extractable (Al + 1/2 Fe), less than 85% phosphate retention, and higher bulk density than $0.90Mg\;m^{-3}$. That can not be classified as Andisol. But it has an argillic horizon from a depth of 15 to 150 cm and a base saturation (sum of cations) of less than 35% at 125 cm below the upper boundary of the argillic horizon. That can be classified as Ultisol, not as Andisol or Alfisol. The typifying pedon has 0.9 % or more organic carbon in the upper 15 cm of the argillic horizon and accordingly, can be classified as Humult. It has a clay distribution in which the percentage of clay does not decrese from its maximum amount by 20% or more within a depth of 150 cm from the mineral soil surface, and keys out as Palehumult. Also that meets the requirements of Typic Palehumult. That has 35 % or more clay at the particle-size control section and has mesic soil temperature regime. Yongheung series can be classified as fine, mixed, thermic family of Typic Palehumults, not as fine, mixed, thermic family of Typic Hapludalfs. Most soils distributed in the southern coastal areas in Jeju island which have a humid climate are developed as Andisols. But Yongheung series distributed in this areas and derived from mainly trachyte, trachytic andesite, and volcanic ash are developed as Ultisols.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2010

This study was conducted to reclassify Donggui series based on the second edition of Soil Taxonomy and to discuss the formation of Donggui series in Jeju Island. Morphological properties of typifying pedon of Donggui series were investigated and physico-chemical properties were analyzed according to Soil survey laboratory methods manual. The typifying pedon has very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam A horizon (0~17 cm), gravelly very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam BA horizon (17~42 cm), gravelly very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam Bt1 horizon (43~80 cm), brown (7.5YR 4/6) silty clay Bt2 horizon (80~105 cm), and brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay Bt3 horizon (105~150 cm). It is developed in lava plain and are derived from basalt and pyroclastic materials. The typifying pedon contains 1.3~2.1% oxalate extractable (Al + 1/2 Fe), less than 85% phosphate retention, and higher bulk density than 0.90 $Mg/m^3$. That can not be classified as Andisol. But it has an argillic horizon from a depth of 22 to 150 cm and a base saturation (sum of cations) of less than 35% at 125 cm below the upper boundary of the argillic horizon. That can be classified as Ultisol, not as Andisol and Inceptisol. It has udic soil moisture regime, and can be classified as Udalf. Also that meets the requirements of Typic Hapludalf. It has 18-35% clay at the particle-size control section, and have thermic soil temperature regime. Therefore Donggui series can be classified as fine loamy, mixed, thermic family of Typic Hapludalfs, not as fine silty, mixed, thermic family of Dystric Eutrudepts.