• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2020

A novel method is proposed for controlling the distance of an image plane in Fourier holograms using varifocal electric-field-driven liquid-crystal (ELC) lenses. Phase Fresnel lenses are employed to reduce the thickness and response time of the ELC lenses. The voltages applied to the electrodes of the ELC Fresnel lens are adjusted so that the lens has the same retardation distribution as an ideal lens. The focal length can be controlled by changing the retardation distribution with the applied voltages. Simulations were conducted for the image reconstruction of Fourier holograms with various focal lengths of the ELC Fresnel lenses. The simulation results indicate that the distance of the image plane can be properly controlled with the varifocal ELC Fresnel lens.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.363-368
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• 2008

Two genes of temperate mycobacteriophage L5, namely, gp63 and gp64, were hypothesized to be toxic to M. smegmatis. An identical L5 gp64 ortholog (designated hlg1) was cloned from homoimmune mycobacteriophage L1 and characterized at length here. As expected, hlg1 affected the growth of M. smegmatis when overexpressed from a resident plasmid. HLG1 (the protein encoded by hlg1) in fact caused growth retardation of M. smegmatis and the region encompassing its 57-114 C-terminal amino acid residues was found indispensable for its growthretardation activity. Both nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis were severely impaired in M. smegmatis expressing HLG1. Interestingly, HLG1 also affected E. coli almost similarly. This putative delayed early lipoprotein did not participate in the lytic growth of L1.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2010

Our objective of current study was to investigate the development of bone and heart in association with diabetes mellitus (DM). DM was induced by administering an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg) to 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Body weight and blood glucose were monitored, and rats were sacrificed after 2 or 5 weeks. The left ventricle (LV), including the interventricular septum, was weighed, and body weight and tibial bone length were assessed. Young diabetic rats showed reduced growth in terms of tibial length and body weight compared to controls. Moreover, diabetic males showed more significant growth suppression and reduced LV size than diabetic females. Morphometric analysis of tibiae from diabetic rats revealed suppressed bone growth at 2 and 5 weeks, with no difference between genders. STZ-induced diabetes decreased bone growth and retarded pre-pubertal heart development. As a result, diabetes may increase cardiovascular risk factors and lead to eventual heart failure. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are required for diabetic children exhibiting growth retardation. Heart growth factor, exercise, and cardiopulmonary physical therapy may be required to promote heart development and physiological function.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.219-222
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• 1998

In this study, The water tree characteristics were investigated when crosslinking coagent was added in XLPE/EnBA blends. When XLPE was blended with EnBA, there was a decrease of water tree length as an increase of nBA contents in XLPE/EnBA20 blends. The effect of crosslinking coagent. A was better than those of other crosslinking coagents B, C and D in water tree retardation. In case of XLPE/EnBA/Crosslinking coagent blends, water tree length was increased as the crosslinking coagents were increased from 0.2 to 2 phr in 2.0 phr DCP content. To clarify the effects of crosslinking coagent, the DCP contents were changed from 1.5 to 2.0 par in the same crosslinking coagent contents. Then, there was a decrease of water tree length as an increase of crosslinking coagent contents in 1.5 and 1.8 phr DCP contents.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07c
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• pp.1588-1590
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• 1996

The fractal characteristics of AC electrical tree grown in DGEBA/MDA/ SN/HQ system was investigated. As the applied voltage decreased, tree initiated after retardation. All the trees were fractals in spite of tile applied voltage. Fractal dimension increased with tree length. When the tree grew slowly, the fractal dimension or tile degree of treeing deterioration increased.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 1980

Seven different rice cultivars treated with different levels of gibberellic acid (0, 10, 50 and 100 PPM GA3) at panicle initiation stage. showed retardation effect on the panicle length and the 2nd internode from the top, where as, the total culm lengths were remarkably elongated, about 50-120% in short varieties and about 10-15% in the tall varieties over the control, mainly, because of the lower internodes elongation. The 2nd internode of Gamadi variety from Nepal was almost entirely shortened with GA3 application.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.247-252
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• 2002

The effect of paraquat (PQ, 1,1＇-dimethyl-4,4＇-bipyridium) on the histogene-sis and glycoconjugates (GCs) properties of the pyloric region of the stomach in a perinatal rat was examined by histological and histochemical methods. Oral administration of PQ (9 mg/kg per day in 0.2 mL of D.W.) on 7 to 14 days of gestation revealed growth retardation with significant reductions in the length of pyloric gland and their pit. As for histochemical properties of GCs in the pyloric region of the stomach, the PQ-treated rats showed some differences, such as delayed initial appearance of the sulfated GCs and lectin affinities compared with the vehicle group. These different GCs properties in the surface and gastric pit were usually detected in the fetal rats and more prominent and evident differences were revealed in the gland epithelium of the early postnatal rat. These results suggest that maternal PQ administration causes intrauterine growth retardation asso-ciated with delayed histogenesis and GCs immaturation of pyloric mucosa in developing rat.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.80-88
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• 1997

An experimental investigation of the fatigue through crack growth behavior under simple stepped variable loading condition has been performed using Al7075-T651. Experiments were carried out by using cantilever bending type specimens, with chevron notches on a small electro-magnetic test machine. Tensile overloads have a retarding effect on the fatigue crack growth rates, therefore tensile overloads were used for the beneficial effect on the fatigue life. While in most cases compressive overloads have only a vanishing effect on crack growth rates, some experiments with single edge crack tension specimens reveal a marked growth retardation. The stress ratios used in this investigations varies from R=0.32 to 0.81, from R=0.04 to 0.76, from R=-0.15 to 0.73, and from R=-0.33 to 0.68 and the peak load for each case was not varied. The crack growth and crack closure were measured by Kikukawa's compliance method with a strain gauge mounted on the backside of each specimens. The results obtained are as follows. When the stepped variable load was applied, the smaller the stress ration was, the larger the delayed retardation of the crack growth rate was. The fatigue crack growh rate data obtained for through cracks were plotted well against the effective stress intensity factor range from 4.0 to 20.0MP{a^{SQRT}m}. It was found that the effective stress intensity factor range ratio was related well to the opening stress intensity factor, the maximum stress intensity factor, and crack length.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.73-78
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• 2002

Ships and ocean structures are generally under random loading. Various type of variable-amplitude loading affects fatigue crack growth and fatigue life. However interaction effects due to irregularity of loading including random loading have not explained exactly and it is difficult to examined fatigue crack growth behaviour and fatigue life for this reason. Therefore in this paper crack growth tests with constant-amplitude loading including a single overload were conducted to measure plastic zone size near crack tip of DENT specimen. And the observed plastic zone sized were discussed in terms of crack growth rate. As a result of this the effect the plastic rue size due to the overload is examined on the effect on crack growth rate and, consequently, fatigue life.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 1994

Autonomously replicating sequence Binding Factor 1(ABF1) is a DNA-binding protein that specifically recognizes the $RTCRYN_5ACG$ at many sites in the yeast genome including the promoter element, mating-type silencer and ARS. To express the intact full-length ABF1 gene in E. coli, the ABF1 gene has been cloned into pMAL-c2 and His-61, Leu-353 and Leu-360 were substituted with other amino acid. ABF1 fusion proteins of wild type ABF1 and H61A, L353R and L360R nutants were purified by amylose resin affinity chromatography. Fusion protein of MBP and ABF1 was digested by Factor Xa and Characterized by gel retardation assay and complementation test. As aresult, we suggested that other DNA binding motif except atypical inc-finger motif is in the middle region of ABF1.