• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.288-301
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• 2023

This study aims to identify benthic macroinvertebrate fauna inhabiting at the mountain valley stream (Mt. Cheonggye) in Korea and the relationship between physical environmental factors and biological indices. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected at five locations on August 24 and October 14, 2020, and were identified as 4 phyla, 7 classes, 16 orders, 42 families, and 72 species. Dominance ranged from 0.38 to 0.59, diversity 2.81 to 3.75, richness 3.25 to 4.63, evenness 0.65 to 0.84, and %EPT (Ephemeroptera-PlecopteraTrichoptera) richness value 42% to 73%, respectively. All sites were evaluated as a very good status by mostly biological indices based on tolerance of indicator organisms in Korea. As a result of principal component analysis, biological indices are classified into species-level indices and higher cartegory-level indices according to the taxonomic level of the indicator organism considered in each index. As a result of canonical correspondence analysis, it was confirmed that current velocity was a major factor that increased species richness and classified biological indices according to taxonomic category level. Water depth was a major factor related to the community indices, and the deeper the water depth, the lower the diversity and the evenness.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제33권1_2호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2015

In this paper, we present exact formulae for the multiplicatively weighted Harary indices of join, tensor product and strong product of graphs in terms of other graph invariants including the Harary index, Zagreb indices and Zagreb coindices. Finally, We apply our result to compute the multiplicatively weighted Harary indices of fan graph, wheel graph and closed fence graph.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제42권9호
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• pp.681-690
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 기상인자를 반영하여 확률강수량을 산정하고 불확실성을 평가하였다. 기상인자는 범지구적으로 관측되고 있는 해수면온도와 습윤지수 자료를 이용하였다. 분석 방법은 기상인자와 연최대시간강수량 사이의 지체상관계수를 산정하여 비교함으로써, 우리나라의 시간최대강수량과 상관관계가 큰 기상인자의 관측지역과 지체시간을 선정하고 지역가중다항식을 이용하여 회귀관계를 설정하였다. 다음으로 기상인자를 변동핵밀도함수를 이용하여 확률 밀도함수를 추정하여 모의발생을 수행하였다. 마지막으로 모의된 기상인자를 지역가중다항식을 통해 강수량을 추정하여 확률강수량을 산정하였다. 분석 결과에서 기상인자를 반영한 확률강수량은 강수자료를 빈도해석한 확률강수량과 큰 차이를 보이지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지구온난화와 같은 기후변화를 반영하는 기상인자를 반영한 확률강수량 산정의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.123-135
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• 1979

Weapon System effectiveness indices are a key factor to the cost-effectiveness analysis in the process of allocating national resources in an optimal fashion. First part of this paper reviews the need of weapon -effectiveness indices, historical development of methodologies on military strength evaluation with various models of indices, and the interrelation-ship between weapon effectiveness indices and war-game. Second part of this paper analyzes the concepts and usage of the already developed methodologies, i .e., index of power, weapon lethality index (W.L.I.), index of fire power potential (I.F.P), fire power potential (F. P. P), and weapon effectiveness indices/weighted unit value (W. E. I/W. U. V.). Finally, weaknesses and limits of these methodologies are compared and evaluated. Result of this research shows that the W. L. I, I. F. P, and F. P. P seem to possess many non-scientific or ambiguous facets, but the W. E. I/W. U. V method produces more detailed, inclusive, and reasonable indices. The paper concludes with the emphasis on the importance of the provision of the theoretical bases to develop effectiveness indices which can be used to evaluate Korean weapon systems, and the early establishment of a specialized research group to manage and develop methodologies on the weapon effectiveness indices.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2007

Purposes: There have been many efforts to improve the service of emergency centers. In spite of these, no evidence is showing any landmark advancement of emergency services, especially in the hospital stage, exists. We need some efficient standard criteria to evaluate emergency service in the hospital stage, and a useful method might utilize the overcrowding index. We want to know the change in the overcrowding index at a regional emergency center after injury area administration. Injury area means an area in which only an assigned duty physician manages patients with injuries such as those from traffic accidents, falls, assualts, collisions, lacerations, amputations, bums, intoxication, asphyxia, drowning, animal bites, sexual assualts, etc. Methods: We started to operate an injury area in our emergency department from late 2004, and from January to June in 2004 and in 2005, we collected patients' data, age, sex, assigned department, and result from hospital order communication system to figure out overcrowding indices and result indices. We found the daily number of patients, the turnover rate, the admission rate, the ICU admission rate, the emergency operation rate, the ED stay duration, and the ED patient volume to be overcrowding indices. Also we found the withdrawal rate, the transfer rate, and mortality to be result indices. We compared these indices between 2004 to 2005 by using a t-test. Results: There was a significant increase in the daily number of visiting patients in 2005, overcrowding indices, such as the turnover rate, the admission rate, the ICU admission rate, and the emergency operation rate, also showed statistically significant increases in 2005 (P<0.001). As for the result indices, there was a noticeable decrease in the number of withdrawals (11.77/day in 2004 to 4.53/day in 2005). Conclusion: Operating an injury area in a mildly overcrowded local emergency center is beneficial. Evaluating the effect of operating an injury area and it's impact on hospital finances by conducting a similar study analyziing patients for a longer duration would be valuable.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제38권6_4호
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• pp.1945-1953
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• 2022

한국항공우주연구원에서는 위성영상의 활용 증진과 활용 활성화를 위하여 매년 한반도 모자이크 영상을 제작하여 공공분야 사용자에게 제공하고 있다. 그러나 해당 영상은 모자이크 과정에서 영상 융합 및 컬러 밸런싱의 과정을 거치기 때문에 본래의 분광 정보가 왜곡되어 있다. 또한 모자이크 영상은 Near Infrared (NIR) 밴드를 제외한 Red, Green, Blue 밴드만 제공하고 있기 때문에 해당 모자이크 영상을 활용하여 영상을 분석하는 데 한계가 존재한다. 따라서 이러한 한계점을 보완하고자 본 연구에서는 주성분분석(Principal Component Analysis, PCA) 기법과 R, G, B 밴드를 활용한 지수를 추출하여 영상 분류를 수행하고, 그 결과를 비교해 보았다. 분석 결과, 모자이크 영상의 분류 결과 정확도는 약 67.51%인 반면, PCA 기법과 RGB 지수를 모두 함께 활용한 영상 분류 결과의 정확도는 약 75.86%로 나타나 PCA와 RGB 지수를 함께 활용하면 영상 분류 결과의 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있는 것을 확인하였다. PCA 기법과 RGB 지수 활용 기법을 비교한 결과, PCA 기법만 활용하였을 때의 영상 분류 결과 정확도는 약 64.10%로 나타났으며, RGB 지수만 활용했을 때의 영상 분류 결과 정확도는 약 74.05%로 나타났다. 이를 통해 두 기법 중에서는 RGB 지수를 활용한 분류 정확도가 더 높게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 양질의 보조 정보를 활용하는 것이 중요하다는 시사점을 도출할 수 있었다. 추후 모자이크 영상의 분류 및 분석결과를 향상시키기 위한 추가적인 지수 및 기법 개발이 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 관련 연구를 통해 모자이크 영상 및 제한된 분광 정보만을 제공하는 영상의 활용도를 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.436-442
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop indices and a scoring method for effectively evaluating the project of rural well-longevity villages which makes up for insufficient parts of existing projects on improving settlement foundation and production environment. Evaluating indices include qualitative factors originated from the characteristics of the project so a scoring method based on an information measure technique is used for evaluating the results from each village. Evaluating indices are provided differently depending on each purpose for evaluation. Result indices can be used for ranking project villages and fundamental indices can be used to analyze villages elaborately to improve project plans.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.105-112
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• 1999

Landcover change is an important factor that changes structure and function of regional ecosystem. As the rise of concern on environment quality, many studies are trying to quantify and evaluate the landsacpe in recent days. In this study, using landscape indices with RS(Remote Sensing) and GIS(Geographic Information System) technology, spatio-temporal variations of areas and distribution of forest patches were examined in the Chonan from 1985 to 1996. Fragstats 2.0 was employed to analyze and compute 31 landscape indices from 52 landcover maps. A result of this study showed that area of forest and paddy decreased as a result of urban sprawl. Especially from 1993 to 1996, the change of land use progressed rapidly because of merging a city and a country in Chonan. The size of patch in forest had been smaller and irregular form, heterogeneity of size of forest patches within sub-basin increased, and variety of patch types around forest patches increased from 1985 to 1996.

• 농촌계획
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2006

This study attempts to develop an interim evaluation system for the Integrated Rural Village Cluster Development Project(IRVCDP) which can secure its identity and sustainability, and induce its early settlement, and to derive plans for its steady progress. The evaluation system consists of three levels. The highest-order level is evaluation purposes, which describe IRVCDP's goals. They are expansion of income bases(EIB), improvement of living environments(ILE), strengthening of regional capabilities(SRC) and constructing effective project operation system(CEPOS). The second level is evaluation items, which each characterize the relevant evaluation purposes. The last level is evaluation indices, which observe achievement f3r evaluation purposes. 22 evaluation indices are selected to satisfy the purposes of this study through a brainstorming process and a survey on opinions of experts for those evaluation purposes and evaluation items which are derived from analyzing the IRVCDP's properties. The relative importance of the evaluation indices selected are determined through the AHP analysis. The most intriguing result from the AHP analysis is that strengthening of regional capabilities is found to be the most important one among evaluation purposes. It can be said that this result is parallel to a ultimate goal of the IRVCDP.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.215-225
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• 2003

Purpose: Sasang constitutional medicine is Korea's creative medical science, that has attracted public attention. But for lack of indices in objectifying constitutions, there are difficulties for most of health professionals in approaching Sasang medicine. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of clinical diagnostic data according to the type of Sasang constitution. Method: The subjects were 195 examinees who had a general health check-up at A hospital. The instrument used for this study were Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution Class II(QSCCII) program for personal computer developed by Kim Sun Ho et al. Result: The distribution of constitutions of the subjects were the So-eum 46.7%, the Tae-eum 36.9% and the So-yang 16.4%. The level of body compositionrelated indices(body weight, obesity) of the Tae-eum were significantly higher than those of other constitutions. In heart-related indices, systolic BP were the highest in the Tae-eum. In liver-related indices, the level of triglyceride, SGPT were significantly higher in the Tae-eum. But the hematologic indices and lung-related indices were not showed significantly difference among any constitutions. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there were significant difference of clinical diagnostic data according to Sasang constitutions, especially in the Tae-eum. So, to understand the human nature of nursing clients, nurses need to apply the oriental based medical theory, like Sasang constitution, to the discipline of nursing.