• 보존과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2011

이 연구에서는 석조문화유산의 손상유형별 표준범례를 제시하고, 손상지도 작성방법에 대한 공정시스템을 구축하였으며, 균열지수 개발과 표면 및 3차원 손상율 평가기법을 제시하였다. 손상유형별 표준범례는 균열, 박리, 박락, 탈락, 입상분해 및 공동으로 세분한 다음 상용 그래픽 프로그램으로 제작하였으며, 손상지도는 손상 영역에 대한 정확도와 신뢰도를 높이기 위해 3차원 디지털복원과 고해상도 사진맵핑 기술을 적용하였다. 또한 균열지수를 개발하여 대상 석조문화유산의 물리적 손상도에 대한 정량평가를 수행하였고, 가상복원 모델링을 통해 탈락부의 부피와 3차원 손상율을 산출하였다. 이를 통해 마곡사오층석탑의 손상도를 정량적으로 평가한 결과, 전체적으로 북측면이 구조상 균열(1.70), 미세균열(1.34), 박락(20.2%), 탈락(13.0%)의 손상점유율이 높게 나타났으며, 1층 옥개석의 3차원 손상율은 6.7%로 산출되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

This study prepared the list of planning components required for constructing environment-friendly industrial complex and grasped major environment-friendly planning components by measuring the importance per each planning component via the survey for specialists. As a result of measuring the importance of planning component according to each field for constructing environment-friendly industrial complex, it is indicated that important planning components in natural environment field are establishing complex location plan considering its configuration and slope, excluding projects for steep slope-land, establishing countermeasures for reducing contaminants per its source, and separated location of contamination industry around living space. In living environment field, proposed planning components having relatively high importance are separated location of pollution causing industry, establishing energy saving land use plan, linking with green way, circulation network plan, lowering noise level at roadside, plan for separating between pedestrian and vehicle, securing parking space, extending green park and proper location, installing green buffer zone, conserving and forming landscapes, land use for raising energy efficiency, and expansion of energy source. In case of ecological environment, core planning components such as conserving upper class of ecological naturality degree, conserving main habitat, and biotope forming plan are suggested. This study is limited to find out planning components for constructing environment-friendly physical environment of industrial complex which is a part of non-production process. The approach to solve environmental problem by linking spatially production process and non-production process. There is a need to conduct follow-up study to constructing technique for environment-friendly industrial complex considering production & nonproduction process afterward.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.101-113
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• 2011

The purpose of this study are to develop a SDSS (Spatial Decision Support System) that can incorporate diverse opinions of stakeholders related the designation of protected areas (PA), and to employ the model for the readjustment of the boundary line of the Jirisan National Park of Korea. The SDSS would lead to more rational and less controversial decision-making during the expansion or removal of PA in Korea. Research methods are as follows. Firstly, to select evaluation criteria for SDSS for PA designation by using expert interview and literature survey. Secondly, to measure their preferences on the designation of additional PA or the removal of a part of PA based on the opinions of various stakeholders such as local residents, environmental groups, or public officials. Thirdly, to produce conservation priority maps based on a multi-criteria decision making technique. The SDSS would be used to rational decision making for the expansion of PA or the release of a certain part of PA by reflecting diverse preferences on biodiversity conservation and economic interest of residents. The visualization of conservation priority maps would also increase the efficiency of such decision making processes. The evaluation criteria for the expansion of PA for biodiversity conservation includes vegetation conservation value, wildlife conservation value, and the habitats of key species. The evaluation criteria for the removal of PA includes the proximity to roads and the boundary of PA, land use types, and conservation zoning of the PA. Preference weights are based on data collected from the Jirisan National Park. Both the conservation priority and removal priority maps are based on land parcels so that property rights of all parcels would be correctly represented.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

The effects of floating islands on the changes in phytoplankton community structure were investigated in a small artificial pond. The floating islands planted with various emergent macrophytes covered 35% of total water surface area of the pond. Total 17 genera and 25 species of phytoplankton were found in the pond, of which Dinophyceae was 1 genera and 1 species, Cyanophyceae 1 genera and 1 species, Bacillariophyceae 6 genera and 8 species, and Chlorophyceae 9 genera and 15 species. Dominant phytoplanktons under floating islands were changed from Aphanizomenon sp. as a Cyanophyceae to Golenkinia radiata, Kirchneriella contorta and Micractinium pusillum as a Chlorophyceae for 56 days after the construction of floating islands on July 24, 2001. The changes of dominant phytoplanktons of the control without floating islands were similar to those under floating islands in July and August, but Aphanizomenon sp. was rapidly increased in the control sites in September. About 99% of the cell number of Aphanizomenon sp. was disappeared for a month after construction of floating islands. Species diversity of phytoplankton under the floating islands of Iris pseudoacorus was higher than those of other macrophytes as well as the control without floating islands. The cell numbers of Cyanophyceae and Chlorophyceae were fewer under the floating islands of I. pseudoacorus than those of other macrophytes. Our results showed that the floating islands could be a useful eco-technique for the control of water bloom by Cyanophyceae and Chlorophyceae in a pond ecosystem.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2006

Recently, the population growth, industrial and agricultural development are rapidly undergoing in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) in Texas. The Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) composed of the 4 counties and three of them are interesting for Non-point and point source pollutant modeling: Starr, Cameron, and Hidalgo. Especially, the LRGV is an intensively irrigation region, and Texas A&M University Agriculture Program and the New Mexico State University College of Agriculture applied irrigation district program, projects in GIS and Hydrology based agricultural water management systems and assessment of prioritized protecting stream network, water quality and rehabilitation based on water saving potential in Rio Grande River. In the LRGV region, where point and non-point sources of pollution may be a big concern, because increasing fertilizers and pesticides use and population cause. This project objective seeks to determine the accumulation of non-point and point source and discuss the main impacts of agriculture and environmental concern with water quality related to pesticides, fertilizer, and nutrients within LRGV region. The GIS technique is widely used and developed for the assessment of non-point source pollution in LRGV region. This project shows the losses in $kg/km^2/yr$ of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), TN (total Nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) in the runoff from the surface of LRGV. Especially, farmers in Cameron County consume a lot of fertilizer and pesticide to improve crop yield net profit. Then, this region can be created as larger nonpoint source area for nutrients and the intensity of runoff by excess irrigation water. And many sediment and used irrigation water with including high nutrients can be discharged into Rio Grade River.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.61-75
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• 2011

This study aims to investigate the changing aspects about research methodology of stone pagoda from the period of Japanese colonial to now. There were the differences in purpose, method and analysis of the research according to each period. In Japanese colonial period, the purpose of research was to make lists of almost stone pagodas in Korea. Following this, Japanese researchers conducted detailed research for academic purpose. They took measurements of stone pagodas and made drawings. After liberation the research was focused on the relics contained in pagodas. They proceeded to investigate the inner relics in order to attract the attention of the people. In the late 1900's, the repair works of cultural heritages were increased. Many reports of the repair works were released and sent to administration offices. The reports contained the change aspects of situation between before work and after with drawings or simple investigation documents. In the 1990's, the restoration works for important stone pagodas were started by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. Since then, researches from various way - architectural and conservational researches about historical interpretation, shape, structure, proportion, technique, etc. - progressed for careful restoration and accurate study. In Recent years, various professional organizations(in the field of structure, physics, chemistry, biology, lithology, etc.) started to join the researches. Researches conducted studies directly with the stone pagodas, as well as conducting indirect studies with the stone pagodas, such as the structural stability of stone pagodas, the characteristics of rock, and conservation chemicals. Today the research project 'The preservation project of stone cultural property' is being conducted by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. The purpose of this project is to gain more detailed and accurate investigation documents to be provided for the people. In conclusion, researches from various fields must be included in the research. Furthermore, a synthetic study should be done through comparing similar characteristics or different characteristics among many research results.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.918-922
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• 1998

With the development of industry, the qualitical advancement of power is needed. Since it is placed in the end step of power system, the fault at the distribution system causes some users blackout directly. So if the fault occurs, quick restoration is very important subject and, for the reason, induction of the distribution automation system is now being progressed briskly. For the quick restoration of the faulted distribution system, the load shedding of the blackout-area must be followed, and the other problems like the shedded load, faulted voltage and the rest may cause other accident. Accordingly load shedding must be based on the precise calculation technique during the distribution system load flow(dist flow) calculation. In these days because of its superior convergence characteristic the Newton-Raphson method is most widely used. The number of buses in the distribution system amounts to thousands, and if the fault occurs at the distribution system, the speed for the dist flow calculation is to be improved to apply to the On-Line system. However, Newton-Raphson method takes much time relatively because it must calculate the Jacobian matrix and inverse matrix at every iteration, and in the case of huge load, the equation is hard to converge. In this thesis. matrix equation is used to make algebraical expression and then to solve load flow equation and to modify above defects. Then the complex matrix is divided into real part and imaginary part to keep sparcity. As a result time needed for calculation diminished. Application of mentioned algorithm to 302 bus, 700 bus, 1004 bus system led to almost identical result got by Newton-Raphson method and showed constant convergence characteristic. The effect of time reduction showed 88.2%, 86.4%, 85.1% at each case of 302 bus, 700 bus system 86.4%, and 1004 bus system.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.475-488
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• 1996

The opaque porcelain layer of porcelain-fused-to-metal(PFM) restoration is critical for the success of PFM restoration because it is the first layer placed over the treated alloy. But, the methods of opaquing technique have not been confirmed. Usually, the one layer method and two layer method have been used for the application of opaque porcelain. In the past, alloys with porcelain veneers which have been used successfully have contained various precious metals. Recent increase in the cost of precious metals stimulates considerable interest in nonprecious alloys. Although nickel-chromium alloys and nickel-chromium-beryllium alloys have been widely used, the use of cobalt-chromium alloys would be gradually increased with elimination of any potential risk of nickel-related allergic responses and/or beryllium-related toxic responses. This investigation examined one- and two-layer opaque porcelain applications to determine the effect on the bond strength of titanium added cobalt-chromium metal ceramic alloy. Bond strength of Ceramco II porcelain to titanium added cobalt-chromium alloy(2Dentitan) and gold-platinum-palladium alloy(Degudent H) were evaluated by direct shear bond strength test with Instron universal testing machine. The results were as follows; 1. When the mean shear bond strength of each experimental group were compared in $0.25cm^2$ unit area, the titanium added cobalt-chromium alloy/two layer method exhibited the greatest strength(79.7kg), followed by titanium added cobalt-chromium alloy/one layer method(76.2kg), gold-platinum-palladium alloy/two layer method(71.4kg), gold-platinum-palladium alloy/one layer method(64.2kg). 2. No significant differences in bond strength were recorded between the two opaquing techniques for gold-platinum-palladium alloy and titanium added cobalt-chromium alloy. 3. No significant differences in bond strength were recorded between the gold-platinum-palladium alloy and the titanium added cobalt-chromium alloy.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2004

For the slope stability and revegetation of retaining wall, Eco-Stone was built beside a newly constructed road in August, 2002. Eco-Stone blocks were constructed in 4 different combinations of irrigation and soil types. Within the Eco-Stone, planted were 6 species such as Forsythia koreana, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora, Rhododendron sp. Euonymus japonica, and Aster koraiensis. Shoot growth was greater on common soils than at a better soil treatment for Forsythia koreana(P<0.01) and Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora(P<0.05), while there were no significant differences for the other species. Biomass increment of the planted species also did not show significant differences between irrigation types, except Rhododendron sp. and Aster koraiensis of which biomass was higher under irrigation than at no irrigation for common soils. Most of the planted individuals were alive, showing survival ratio of 90~97% with no significant differences among treatment blocks. These results imply that the Eco-Stone can be used economically for slope stability and revegetation instead of concrete blocks, without a specific soil and irrigation requirement.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2008

The forest soil sediment disasters occurred in Jinbu-myeon Pyeongchang county were investigated characteristics by the aerial photograph analysis. After digitizing from aerial photographs, forest soil sediment disaster sites were classified into 695 collapsed sites, 305 flowed sites and 199 sediment sites. DEM (Digital Elevation Model) were generated from 1 : 5,000 digital topographic map. Factors of geography, hydrology, biology, and geology were analyzed using DEM, geologic map, and forest stand map with aerial photographs by GIS spatial analysis technique. The forest soil sediment disasters were mainly occurred from southeastern slope to southwestern slope. In collapsed sit es, the average slope degree is $28.9^{\circ}$, the average flow length is 163.5m, the average area of drainage basin is 897$m^2$. In case of flowed sites, the average slope degree, flow length, the area of drainage basin and confluence order is $27.0^{\circ}$, 175m, 2,500$m^2$ and 1, respectively. In sediment sites, the average slope, flow length, the area of drainage basin and confluence order is $12.5^{\circ}$, 2,50m, 25,000$m^2$ and 4, respectively. Also the forest soil sediment disasters were occurred most of collapsed sites in the afforest land after felling and igneous rocks composed of granite.