• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권11호
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• pp.2079-2088
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• 2009

The optimal operation in distribution system is to select tie switches considering important elements(Load balance, Loss minimization, Voltage drop, Restoration index..) in distribution system. Optimal Tie Switches Selection is very important in operation of distribution system because that is closely related with efficiency and reliability. In this paper, a new algorithm considering important elements is proposed to find optimal location of tie switches. In the case study, the proposed algorithm has been testified using real distribution network of KEPCO for verifying algorithm and complex network for applying future distribution network.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.24-41
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• 2010

Distributional characteristics of vascular plants and plants selection for revegetation in bare ground of lakeside was investigated in nine artificial lakes. The vascular plants were composed of 64 families, 194 genera, 268 species, 3 subspecies, 30 varieties, 3 forma, totaling 304 taxa. Dominant species of nine investigated areas were represented as Ambrosia trifida, Calystegia hederacea, Matricaria matricariodes, Xanthium italicum. Dominant species of three parts based on the location of artificial lakes were as follows:Ambrosia trifida, Bidens tripartita, Calystegia hederacea, Equisetum arvense, Setaria viridis, Spergula arvensis, Torilis japonica in northern part (Lake Paro and Soyang); Calystegia hederacea, Matricaria matricariodes, Rumex crispus, Xanthium italicum in middle part (Lake Chungju, Daecheong, Andong and Imha); and Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Bidens frondosa, Chenopodium glaucum, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Persicaria pubescens, Setaria viridis in southern part(Lake Juam, Hapcheon and Jinyang). Among the 304 taxa, Korean endemic, endangered and rare plants were not investigated. The naturalized plants were 46 taxa, and life form was Th-$R_5-D_4$-e type. Above the results, Calystegia hederacea, Equisetum arvense, Xanthium italicum, Matricaria matricariodes, and Spergula arvensis were considered with proper species for revegetation in bare ground of lakeside in artificial lakes.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.41-55
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• 2005

In an effort to preserve biodiversity in increasingly fragmented green patches, Korea has been installing eco-corridors over or under some arterial or expressways. In a survey of 43 such eco-corridors installed up until the year 2003, some problems and issues were identified. Some selected overseas eco-corridors were also investigated to find implications for the improvements of future installations in Korea. Major findings are; - For most existing eco-corridors, target species are not specified and locations of the eco-corridors are not well considered, and consequently it is questionable if wildlifes are crossing them - Most of existing eco-corridors lack supporting facilities such as fences that guide wildlife to cross them and prevent them from running into the road - Planting on the eco-corridors is not sufficient, not diverse enough in species, and not very considerate of wildlife but designed and planted in a similar manner as in urban parks - Where target species are not well specified, the location, width, cross section, and other aspects of the eco-corridors can not be optimized - It is suggested that eco-corridors are planned at early stages of road planning so that the number and locations of eco-corridor(s) decided as necessary and even the alignment and design of roads consider the installation of eco-corridors in advance - Monitoring of wildlife crossings is needed for improved eco-corridor planning and design - Nationwide green network plan is desirable to be made first and eco-corridors fit into it.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the location and prospects of the bear shelves built by Asiatic black bears in the Jirisan National Park. Previous researchers have been analyzed bear shelves in terms of places for resting and eating, but we are going to analyze based on the prospect-and-refuge theory. Characteristics of the sites of bear shelves are measured through field survey and topographic analysis by using digital elevation model (DEM). The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used to evaluate the optimum location of bear shelves in terms of crown density. Man-made objects are identified by viewshed analysis based on geographical information system (GIS). Findings of this paper can be summarized as follows. First, most bear trees are located deep inside of the mountainous national park, slopes of 30~40 degrees, altitude of 400~1,200m, and relatively low vegetation density with NDVI value of 0.4~0.6 compared to the average NDVI of the park. Second, the average height of bear shelves is 12.44m, or 74% of the average height of bear trees. They are located at suitable places to observe nearby trails and other park facilities. Third, man-made objects within the 100m radius of bear trees include lodge, bear training center, beekeeping camp, and hiking trails. Thus we may temporarily conclude that one of the main criteria of the bear tree selection in the park has been to identify optimum places for the monitoring of human activities in their habitat.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.23-38
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• 2022

This study investigates the characteristics and physical habitat requirements for each Bufo gargarizans life history through a literature survey. After deriving variables for each component of Bufo gargarizans, in order to reduce regional deviations from eight previously studied literature research areas for deriving the criteria for variables, a total of 12 natural habitats of Bufo gargarizanss are selected as spatial ranges by selecting four additional sites such as Umyeonsan Ecological Park in Seoul, Wonheungibangjuk in Cheongju in the central region, Changnyeong Isan Reservoir in the southern region, and Mangwonji in Daegu. This study presents Bufo gargarizans SI, a species endemic to Korea, whose population is rapidly declining due to large-scale housing site development and road development, and develops a Bufo gargarizans HSI model accordingly to improve the function of the damaged Bufo gargarizans habitat and to present an objective basis for site selection of alternative habitat. At the same time, it provides basic data for adaptive management and follow-up monitoring. The three basic habitat requirements of amphibians, the physical habitat requirements of Bufo gargarizans, synthesized with shelter, food, and water, and the characteristics of each life history, are classified into five components by adding space and threats through literature research and expert advice. Variables are proposed by synthesizing and comparing the general characteristics of amphibians, among the previously studied single species of amphibians, the components of HSI of goldfrogs and Bufo gargarizans, and the ecological and physical environmental characteristics of Bufo gargarizans. Afterwards, through consultation with an amphibian expert, a total of 10 variables are finally presented by adjacent forest area(ha), the distance between spawning area and the nearest forest land(m), the soil, the distance from the wetland(m), the forest layered structure, the low grassland space, the permanent wetland area(ha), shoreline slope(%), PH, presence of predators, distance from road(m), presence or absence of obstacles. n order to derive the final criteria for each of the 10 variables, the criteria(alternative) for each variable are presented through geographic information analysis of the site survey area and field surveys of the previously studied literature research area. After a focus group interview(FGI) of 30 people related to the Bufo gargarizans colony in Cheongju, a questionnaire and in-depth interviews with three amphibians experts are conducted to verify and supplement the criteria for each final variable. Based on the finally developed Bufo gargarizans HSI, the Bufo gargarizans habitat model is presented through the SI graph model and the drawing centering on the Bufo gargarizans spawning area

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2023

The fragmentation of habitats resulting from human activities leads to the isolation of wildlife and it also causes wildlife-vehicle collisions (i.e. Road-kill). In that sense, it is important to predict potential habitats of specific wildlife that causes wildlife-vehicle collisions by considering geographic, environmental and transportation variables. Road-kill, especially by large mammals, threatens human safety as well as financial losses. Therefore, we conducted this study on roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus), a large mammal that causes frequently Road-kill in Jeju Island. So, to predict potential wildlife habitats by considering geographic, environmental, and transportation variables for a specific species this study was conducted to identify high-priority restoration sites with both characteristics of potential habitats and road-kill hotspot. we identified high-priority restoration sites that is likely to be potential habitats, and also identified the known location of a Road-kill records. For this purpose, first, we defined the environmental variables and collect the occurrence records of roe deer. After that, the potential habitat map was generated by using Random Forest model. Second, to analyze roadkill hotspots, a kernel density estimation was used to generate a hotspot map. Third, to define high-priority restoration sites, each map was normalized and overlaid. As a result, three northern regions roads and two southern regions roads of Jeju Island were defined as high-priority restoration sites. Regarding Random Forest modeling, in the case of environmental variables, The importace was found to be a lot in the order of distance from the Oreum, elevation, distance from forest edge(outside) and distance from waterbody. The AUC(Area under the curve) value, which means discrimination capacity, was found to be 0.973 and support the statistical accuracy of prediction result. As a result of predicting the habitat of C. pygargus, it was found to be mainly distributed in forests, agricultural lands, and grasslands, indicating that it supported the results of previous studies.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.135-146
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• 2014

The improvement of adaptation capability against heat island (ACHI) by greening buildings is considered as an important measure to cope with a climate change. This study aimed to select the most appropriate zones for green roof initiative in case study sites, Bucheon, Anyang, and Suwon Cities and to investigate the characteristics of buildings for greening to improve ACHI. Relative ACHI for each lot was estimated from 0 to -9, assuming that it decreases with the distance from green space and waterbody. Low adaptation capabilities were mostly shown in the old urban blocks with dense low-rise buildings and lack of green space. Three blocks with the lowest ACHIs were chosen as a green roof initiative zone in each city. They are largely residential areas including low-rise buildings such as single, multi-household houses, townhouses, 5 or lower story apartments and few are industrial areas crowded with small factory buildings. The areas of building roof available for greening are 8.8% within the selected zones in Bucheon City, 5.3% in Anyang City, and 4.9% in Suwon City. As it were, 25.2~41.7% of the roof top areas are available for greening in these zones. It means that roof top areas of $25,000{\sim}120,000m^2$ can be used for greening within the selected zones of $0.64{\sim}1.65km^2$ to improve ACHI. The approach and results of the study are significant to provide a logical basis and information on location, scale, effect, and target figure of greening as a measure to cope with climate change.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2021

The study aims to propose a locating method of green space for reducing Particulate Matter (PM) in ambient air in conjunction with its source traces and vulnerable groups. In order to carry out the aims and purposes, a literature review was conducted to derive indicators of vulnerable area to PM. Based on the developed indicators, the vulnerable areas and green spaces creation strategies for each cluster were developed for the case of Seongdong-gu, Seoul. As a result, six indicators for vulnerability analysis were came out including the vulnerable groups (children's facilities, old people's facilities), emission sources (air pollutant emission workplaces, roads), and environmental indicators (particulate matter concentration, NDVI). According to the six selected indicators, the target area was divided into 39 hexagons and analyzed to result the most vulnerable areas to particulate matter. As a result of comprehensive vulnerability analysis, the Seongsu-dong area was found to be the most vulnerable to particulate matter, and 5 clusters were derived through k-means cluster analysis. Cluster 1 was analyzed as areas that most vulnerable to particulate matter as a result of the comprehensive analysis, therefore urgent need to create green spaces to reduce particulate matter. Cluster 2 was areas that mostly belonged to the Han River. Cluster 3 corresponds to the largest number of hexagons, and since many vulnerable groups are distributed, it was analyzed as a cluster that required the creation of a green spaces to reduce particulate matter, focusing on facilities for vulnerable groups. Three hexagons are included in cluster 4, and the cluster has many roads and lacks vegetation in common. Cluster 5 has a lot of green spaces and is generally distributed with fewer vulnerable groups and emission sources; however, it has a high level of particulate matter concentration. In a situation where various green spaces creation projects for reducing particulate are being implemented, it is necessary to consider the vulnerable groups and emission sources and to present green space creation strategies for each space characteristic in order to increase the effectiveness of such projects. Therefore, this study is regarded as meaningful in suggesting a method for selecting a green area for reducing PM.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.13-30
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• 2013

$CO_2$를 지중저장하는 과정에서 유체압력의 증가로 인한 단층 활성화는 저장영역의 기밀성 유지에 중대한 영향을 미치며, 상황에 따라 저장기능의 회복 또는 저장중인 $CO_2$의 처리 문제 등으로 확대될 수 있다. 따라서 현지조사 결과의 불확실성을 최소화하고 이를 토대로 부지 선정과 주입압력 결정 단계에서 실제 조건에 가까운 모델링을 수행하여 저장영역 내 단층의 안정성과 $CO_2$ 누출 가능성을 평가하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 이와 관련된 기존 연구 결과들을 살펴봄으로써 연구 동향 및 연구 방법에 대한 정보를 제공하고자 하였다. 먼저 인위적으로 지반에 주입된 유체 또는 자연 생성되어 응집되어 있던 $CO_2$에 의해 지진활동이 일어났던 사례들을 조사하였으며, 현지응력의 크기 및 방향, 단층 및 유체압력 분포 자료를 획득하는 방법에 대해 살펴보았다. 그리고 단층 활성화 가능성 평가 및 지진활동 시 진동 크기 추정, 활성화에 따른 $CO_2$ 누출 모델링 관련 연구 사례를 정리하였다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.6-20
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• 2023

2020년 세계유산 우선 등재 목록으로 신청된 세종대왕자 태실을 검토했던 문화재청 세계유산분과 위원회는 성주태실의 단독 등재 방식이 아닌 전국적으로 분포한 조선 왕실 태실로 확대하여 연속유산으로 등재하는 방안을 권고했다. 이에 따라 일부 자치단체에서는 세계유산 연속유산 대상에 해당 지역의 태실이 포함될 수 있는지가 중요한 화두로 대두되었다. 그래서 본 연구자는 유네스코 세계유산위원회가 요구하는 부동산 가운데 탁월한 보편적 가치, 유산의 보호와 관리, 진정성, 완전성의 조건을 토대로 연속 등재 대상을 검토하였다. 그 결과 다음 세 가지를 등재 대상으로 선정할 것을 제안하였다. 첫째, 문화재로 지정되어 국가와 자치단체에서 보호와 관리가 이루어지고 있는 부동산 문화재인 태실 22개소가 그 대상이 된다. 둘째, 유산의 진정성과 완전성 논리를 확보하기 위해 가봉태실로 한정하고, 연구조사와 학술고증을 통해 복원과 문화재 추가 지정이 가능한 태실을 그 대상으로 본다. 셋째, 조선 왕실 태실의 완전성을 갖추기 위해 일제강점기 이왕직에 의해 조성된 서삼릉과 표본으로 이설한 성종태실 등을 포함할 수 있다. 그러나 문화재로 지정된 대상이라 할지라도 원래의 위치가 아닌 것이 많으며, 이 가운데에는 일제의 의도에 따라 이설된 것과 그렇지 않은 것으로 구분된다. 따라서 연구자는 일제강점기 태실 이설에 대한 역사성을 이해할 수 있는 대상을 선별하여 추가하고, 문화재로 지정되지 않은 대상도 서둘러 지정해야 한다고 보았다. 따라서 기초자치단체에서는 문화재 지정 여부와 관계없이 철저한 고증을 바탕으로 복원과 지정을 추진하여 세계유산 연속유산 등재 대상 목록에 포함되도록 노력해야 한다. 또한 문화재청과 기초자치단체에서는 세계유산 연속유산 등재 대상에 포함되기 위해 개별 태실에 관한 지속적인 조사연구와 진정성 있는 복원을 추진해야 할 것이다.