• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.449-461
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• 2013

As the hydrofluoric acid leak in Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do or hydrochloric acid leak in Ulsan, Gyeongsangnam-do demonstrated, chemical related accidents are mostly caused by large amounts of volatile toxic substances leaking due to the damages of storage tank or pipe lines of transporter. Safety assessment is the most important concern because such toxic material accidents cause human and material damages to the environment and atmosphere of the surrounding area. Therefore, in this study, a hydrofluoric acid leaked from a storage tank was selected as the study example to simulate the leaked substance diffusing into the atmosphere and result analysis was performed through the numerical Analysis and diffusion simulation of ALOHA(Areal Location of Hazardous Atmospheres). the results of a qualitative evaluation of HAZOP (Hazard Operability)was looked at to find that the flange leak, operation delay due to leakage of the valve and the hose, and toxic gas leak were danger factors. Possibility of fire from temperature, pressure and corrosion, nitrogen supply overpressure and toxic leak from internal corrosion of tank or pipe joints were also found to be high. ALOHA resulting effects were a little different depending on the input data of Dense Gas Model, however, the wind direction and speed, rather than atmospheric stability, played bigger role. Higher wind speed affected the diffusion of contaminant. In term of the diffusion concentration, both liquid and gas leaks resulted in almost the same $LC_{50}$ and ALOHA AEGL-3(Acute Exposure Guidline Level) values. Each scenarios showed almost identical results in ALOHA model. Therefore, a buffer distance of toxic gas can be determined by comparing the numerical analysis and the diffusion concentration to the IDLH(Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health). Such study will help perform the risk assessment of toxic leak more efficiently and be utilized in establishing community emergency response system properly.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.spc1
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• pp.1107-1118
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• 2021

Climate change brought on by global warming increased the frequency of flood and drought on the Korean Peninsula, along with the casualties and physical damage resulting therefrom. Preparation and response to these water disasters requires national-level planning for water resource management. In addition, watershed-level management of water resources requires flow duration curves (FDC) derived from continuous data based on long-term observations. Traditionally, in water resource studies, physical rainfall-runoff models are widely used to generate duration curves. However, a number of recent studies explored the use of data-based deep learning techniques for runoff prediction. Physical models produce hydraulically and hydrologically reliable results. However, these models require a high level of understanding and may also take longer to operate. On the other hand, data-based deep-learning techniques offer the benefit if less input data requirement and shorter operation time. However, the relationship between input and output data is processed in a black box, making it impossible to consider hydraulic and hydrological characteristics. This study chose one from each category. For the physical model, this study calculated long-term data without missing data using parameter calibration of the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a physical model tested for its applicability in Korea and other countries. The data was used as training data for the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) data-based deep learning technique. An anlysis of the time-series data fond that, during the calibration period (2017-18), the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and the determinanation coefficient for fit comparison were high at 0.04 and 0.03, respectively, indicating that the SWAT results are superior to the LSTM results. In addition, the annual time-series data from the models were sorted in the descending order, and the resulting flow duration curves were compared with the duration curves based on the observed flow, and the NSE for the SWAT and the LSTM models were 0.95 and 0.91, respectively, and the determination coefficients were 0.96 and 0.92, respectively. The findings indicate that both models yield good performance. Even though the LSTM requires improved simulation accuracy in the low flow sections, the LSTM appears to be widely applicable to calculating flow duration curves for large basins that require longer time for model development and operation due to vast data input, and non-measured basins with insufficient input data.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.159-164
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• 2019

This study aims to minimize casualties in the event of an apartment fire by developing a virtual reality (VR) fire-training program (using the latest IT techniques) and verifying its validity as a learning tool. For this purpose, environmental parameters, such as the unit floor's size and the composition of the family, were established. Then, possible fire scenarios that could occur in the apartment building were developed and implemented in a VR setting. Finally, a survey was conducted to review the responses to the program. The results of the survey demonstrated that the responses were positive, confirming the effectiveness of the program.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.347-356
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic evidence to improve community health nursing practice education by analyzing the current status of actual operation, program outcomes and evaluation methods, and the level of achieving learning goals. Methods: Data were collected through an e-mail survey from 155 professors teaching community health nursing in April 2016. Out of 45 responses in total, 42 cases were used for analysis (response rate 29.0%). Results: Community health nursing practice was a 3-credit course in most of the schools (66.7%) and included a practice at public health centers without exception. The most common diagnosis classification system was OMAHA (81.0%). The core fundamental nursing skills evaluated during the practice were subcutaneous injection, vital signs, oral administration, and intradermal injection. Among the subjects of community health nursing practice, the area with the highest potential for achieving learning goals was primary health care provision (4.4/5) and the area with the lowest potential was disaster management (2.4/5). Conclusion: The results of this study show that there would be active efforts to complement and improve several problems of the community health nursing practice among the community health nursing practice instructors for more effective and qualitative community health nursing practice.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.16 no.4 s.82
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• pp.501-509
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• 2004

The proposed model can predict the compressive behaviors of concrete confined with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) jacket. To model confining concrete by FRP jackets, the hypoelasticity-based constitutive law of concrete In tri-axial stress states has been presented. The increment of strength of concrete has been determined by the failure surface of concrete in tri-axial states, and its corresponding peak strain is computed by the strain enhancement factor that is proposed in the present study, Therefore, the newly proposed model is a load-dependent confinement model of concrete wrapped by FRP jackets to compare the previous models which are load-independent confinement models. The behavior of FRP jackets has been modeled using the mechanics of orthotropic laminated composite materials in two-dimension. The developed model is implemented into the incremental analysis of compressive tests. The verification study with several different experiments shows that the model is able to adequately capture the behavior of the compression test by including better estimations of the axial responses as well as the lateral response of FRP-confined concrete cylinders.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1379-1385
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• 2017

Virtual training is a kind of training that proceeds as if it were a real situation. In recent years, there has been a growing demand for experiencing a situation in which a virtual reality technology has not been experienced directly in the real world due to the rapid development of the technology. Especially, safety education is very necessary in Korea where safety accidents are caused by many disasters. Therefore, simulation of disaster response training using virtual reality is more urgent than ever. Although the automatic defibrillator is the medical device that is most needed to rescue patients with cardiac arrest, few people know how to use it. Therefore, there are very few cases where the use of automatic defibrillators has saved the patient's life in Korea. The proposed Automated External Defibrillator virtual training system enables immersive and experiential training in real situations and effective training at low cost.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2010

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology mitigates the emission amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and can reduce green house effect which causes the climate change. Deep saline aquifer or obsolete oil/gas storage etc. in the marine geological structure are considered as the candidates for the storage. The injection and storage relating technology have been interested in the global society, however the adverse effect caused by leakage from the system failure. Even the safety level of the CCS is very high and there is almost no possibility to leak but, still the risk to marine ecosystem of the high concentrated carbon dioxide exposure is not verified. The present study introduces the system and environmental risk assessment methods. The feature, event and process approach can be a good starting point and we found the some possibility from the fault tree analysis for evaluation. From the FEP analysis, we drove the possible scenario which we need to concentrate on the construction and operation stages.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.407-417
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• 2002

Japanese oil companies have begun to set up a mutual support system to prepare for any large scale oil spillages due to the huge increase in size of tankers since 1973. In 1990, the Petroleum Association of Japan established the Oil Spill Response Department and has been conducting researches on management of oil spill combatting materials and the effective prevention of maritime oil disasters. Japan Coast Guard, in accordance with the regulations of the OPRC in 1995, formulated the national contingency plan and built a mutual-contact network among the related government institutions. Its Guard & Rescue Department. Disaster Prevention Section has been working for the maintenance of oil spill combatting materials and coordinating related work with private organizations. The Japanese government has been strengthening the maritime oil spillage management system since the Nakhodka wreck incident in 1997.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.55
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• pp.75-95
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to find the development of the examination security business plan based on the problem that guards are now aware of examination security service. To achieve the purpose of this study, the interview was conducted by interviewing interviews with five field related graduates and seven field specialists who are currently engaged in the examination for more than six years. The guard who perform national examination security service proposed a development plan of national examination security services as follows. First, the security guards at the national examination must complete an education program suitable for the nature of the workplace. Second, disaster and emergency response training should be added. Third, national examination security guards should be provided with mental training, search equipment and advanced equipment. Fourth, The National Examination Security Service should be specified in the Security Law so that laws and regulations can actively respond. Fifth, the related organization (contracting party) must raise the cost of service according to reality after realizing the property. Sixth, The national security service should ensure that security guards who have completed the security guards' training will be recruited.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.33-42
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• 2018

In the aftermath of an earthquake, seismic-damaged infrastructure systems loss estimation is the first step for the disaster response. However, lifeline systems' ability to supply service can be volatile by external factors such as disturbances of nearby facilities, and not by own physical issue. Thus, this research develops the bayesian model for probabilistic inference on common-cause and cascading failure of seismic-damaged lifeline systems. In addition, the authors present network robustness estimation metrics in the context of failure propagation. In order to quantify the functional loss and observe the effect of the mitigation plan, power and water supply system in Daegu-Gyeongbuk in South Korea is selected as case network. The simulation results show that reduction of cascading failure probability allows withstanding the external disruptions from a perspective of the robustness improvement. This research enhances the comprehensive understanding of how a single failure propagates to whole lifeline system performance and affected region after an earthquake.