• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1972

A study was planned to see if the mammillary bodies have any influence upon orienting response Thirty-nine male rats were divided into two groups. One group of animals received electrolytic lesion of the mammillary bodies through stereotaxically implanted electrodes (mammillary body group), and the other group received the same treatment short of electrolytic lesion(operated control group). All animals were tested for orienting response 3 weeks after surgery. Orienting response was regarded as elicited when an animal in alertness ceased ongoing activity upon 1,000 Hz tone presentation and/or turned head toward the source of stimulus. Weak (momentary and inconspicuous) and strong (marked and more persistent) responses were discriminated. Occurrence and duration of orienting response were measured, and the rate of habituation was estimated in 20 trials. Shift of attention from sound to light stimulus (10 trials) as well as orienting response of thirsty animals to sound stimulus while drinking (5 trials) and while at rest (5 trials) were also tested. 1. Simple orienting respons to sound stimulus tended to occur more often and its duration tended to be shorter in the mammillary body group than in the operated control group. 2. With repetition of trials, the occurrence of orienting response in each trial decreased progressively in both groups (habituation). However, the rate of habituation was significantly less prominent in the mammillary body group than in the operated control group. 3. Under attention·shift situation, orienting response tended to occur less often and its duration tended to be shorter in the mammillary body group than in the operated control group. 4. Orienting response to sound stimulus while drinking to quench thirst tended to occur more often and its duration tended to be shorter in the mammillary body group than in the operated control group. In quiet state, however, there existed no group difference with regard to the occurrence and duration of the orienting response. Although no obvious inference can be drawn from the above results, they may suggest the mammillary bodies being involved in the orienting response as a control mechanism inhibitory to the occurrence and facilitatory to the habituation of the response.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.533-543
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• 2010

Asking sensitive questions by a direct survey method causes non-response bias and response bias. Non-response bias arises from interviewees refusal to respond and response bias arises from giving incorrect responses. To rectify these biases, Warner (1965) introduced a randomized response model which is an alternative survey method for socially undesirable or incriminating behavior questions. The randomized response model is a procedure for collecting the information on sensitive characteristics without exposing the identity of the respondent. Many survey researchers have proposed diverse variants of the Warner randomized response model and applied their model to collect the information of sensitive questions. Using an optimal allocation, we proposed three-stage stratified randomized response technique which is an extension of the Kim and Elam (2005) two-stage stratified randomized response technique. In this study, we showed that the estimator based on the proposed response model is more efficient than Kim and Elam (2005). But by adding one more survey step to the Kim and Elam (2005), our proposed model may have relatively less privacy protection compared to the Kim and Elam (2005) model.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.632-640
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• 2015

This paper proposes a new method for fast graphic visualization of accurate frequency response of audio equalizer (EQ). When a logarithmic frequency scale is used, a frequency response in high resolution is required for accurate low-band frequency response. However, the high-resolution frequency response requires a huge amount of computational load, which makes the real-time graphic visualization of frequency response impossible. In order to solve the problem of computational load, the proposed method utilizes a low-resolution virtual frequency response in the mid band. It first computes the virtual frequency response of each filter of EQ in the mid band, and then moves it to the target band so that the result corresponds to the desired filter response. Then, it determines the final frequency response of EQ by combining all filter responses. The experiments confirm that the proposed method provides the frequency response of EQ which has an equivalent shape to that computed in high frequency resolution with huge computational load.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.687-701
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• 2022

Inevitable response loss under complex operational conditions significantly affects the integrity and quality of measured data, leading the structural health monitoring (SHM) ineffective. To remedy the impact of data loss, a common way is to transfer the recorded response of available measure point to where the data loss occurred by establishing the response mapping from measured data. However, the current research has yet addressed the structural condition changes afterward and response mapping learning from a small sample. So, this paper proposes a novel data driven structural response reconstruction method based on a sophisticated designed generating adversarial network (UAGAN). Advanced deep learning techniques including U-shaped dense blocks, self-attention and a customized loss function are specialized and embedded in UAGAN to improve the universal and representative features extraction and generalized responses mapping establishment. In numerical validation, UAGAN efficiently and accurately captures the distinguished features of structural response from only 40 training samples of the intact structure. Besides, the established response mapping is universal, which effectively reconstructs responses of the structure suffered up to 10% random stiffness reduction or structural damage. In the experimental validation, UAGAN is trained with ambient response and applied to reconstruct response measured under earthquake. The reconstruction losses of response in the time and frequency domains reached 16% and 17%, that is better than the previous research, demonstrating the leading performance of the sophisticated designed network. In addition, the identified modal parameters from reconstructed and the corresponding true responses are highly consistent indicates that the proposed UAGAN is very potential to be applied to practical civil engineering.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.17-32
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• 2023

Purpose: We aimed to identify disaster preparedness, disaster response competency, and willingness to participate in disaster response among university students. Methods: Data were collected from the paramedic students after consent to this study through online. The period of data collection was from June 13 to August 3, 2023 and 207 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 program. Results: The subject's disaster preparedness was 7.67±3.10 out of 15, disaster response competency was 2.79±0.69 out of 5, and willingness to participate in disaster response was 6.06±4.59 out of 15. There was a significant difference in disaster preparedness depending on the disaster education experience (p<.001), in disaster response competency depending on the number of courses completed (p<.05), in willingness to participate in disaster response in cases of disaster experience (p<.05) and number of times disaster education was completed (F=3.146, p=.047). In particular, if the number of disaster training courses completed was three or more, disaster response competency and willingness to participate in disaster response were significantly high. There was a significant positive correlation between the subjects' disaster preparedness and disaster response competency (r=.655, p<.001). Conclusion: Three or more sessions of continuous disaster education is important, it will be necessary to develop educational content that matches the characteristics of the target subjects or college.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1165-1172
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• 2007

The spacer grid set is a part of a nuclear fuel assembly. The set has a spring and the spring supports the fuel rods safely. Although material nonlinearity is involved in the deformation of the spring, nonlinearity has not been considered in design of the spring. Recently a nonlinear response structural optimization method has been developed using equivalent loads. It is called nonlinear response optimization equivalent loads (NROEL). In NROEL, the external loads are transformed to the equivalent loads (EL) for linear static analysis and linear response optimization is carried out based on the EL in a cyclic manner until the convergence criteria are satisfied. EL is the load set which generates the same response field of linear analysis as that of nonlinear analysis. Shape optimization of the spring is carried out based on EL. The objective function is defined by minimizing the maximum stress in the spring while mass is limited and the support force of the spring is larger than a certain value. The results are verified by nonlinear response analysis. ABAQUS is used for nonlinear response analysis and GENESIS is employed for linear response optimization.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.113-119
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• 2013

Spatial structures have the different dynamic characteristics from general rahmen structures. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately analyze dynamic characteristics and seismic response of spatial structure for seismic design of spatial structure. An arch structure is used as an example structure because it has primary characteristics of spatial structures. Multiple support excitation may be subjected to supports of a spatial structure because ground condition of spatial structures is different. In this study, the response analysis of the arch structure under multiple support excitation and simple support excitation is studied. By means of the pseudo excitation method, the seismic response is analyzed for long span spatial structure. It shows that the structural response is divided into two parts, ground displacement and structural dynamic response due to ground motion excitation. It is known that the seismic response of spatial structure under multiple support excitation and simple support excitation are the different in some case. Therefore, it has to be necessary to analyze the seismic response of spatial structure under multiple support excitation because the spatial structure supports may be different.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.2 no.12
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• pp.1557-1562
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• 2001

The echo response time has been a concern in the performance of the UNIX systems, a significant tail always appears in the distribution of echo response time, though the average echo response time is less serious. This paper addresses the issue of echo response times in the UNIX systems. We explain how the Fair Share Scheduler (FSS) works and explain why the FSS might cause excessive echo response times and show by analysis how echo response time reacts to key parameters under FSS. Finally, we present a recommended solution that should improve the echo response time drastically. This solution is a refined FSS which will overcome the echo response time problem while retaining the essence of the FSG. This will enhance the UNIX performance and productivity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1256-1261
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• 2004

Nonlinear Response Optimization using Equivalent Static Loads (NROESL) method/algorithm is proposed to perform optimization of non-linear response structures. It is more expensive to carry out nonlinear response optimization than linear response optimization. The conventional method spends most of the total design time on nonlinear analysis. Thus, the NROESL algorithm makes the equivalent static load cases for each response and repeatedly performs linear response optimization and uses them as multiple loading conditions. The equivalent static loads are defined as the loads in the linear analysis, which generates the same response field as those in non-linear analysis. The algorithm is validated for the convergence and the optimality. The function satisfies the descent condition at each cycle and the NROESL algorithm converges. It is mathematically validated that the solution of the algorithm satisfies the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker necessary condition of the original nonlinear response optimization problem. The NROESL algorithm is applied to two structural problems. Conventional optimization with sensitivity analysis using the finite difference method is also applied to the same examples. The results of the optimizations are compared. The proposed method is very efficient and derives good solutions.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 2000

Background : Dopamine receptors are strong candidates for involvement in schizophrenia and are target of a wide variety of antipsychotics. Dopamine $D_5$ receptor(DRD5) gene polymorphisms may be associated with various treatment response. The purpose of our study was define to what significance can be held as a predictor of treatment response in this polymorphism. Method : The total number of 116 Korean chronic schizophrenic patients was assessed after 48 weeks treatment. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) was rated for the clinical response to various antipsychotics. With the use of polymerase chain reaction amplification, we assessed this dopamine $D_5$ receptor polymorphism in schizophrenic patients who had been treated with antipsychotics, and related genotype with treatment response, to test the hypothesis that DRD5 polymorphism may lead to varying response to antipsychotics. Result : DRD5 polymorphism was not associated with treatment response to a variety of antipsychotics in chronic schizophrenic patients. Conclusion : Genetic variation of $D_5$ receptors do not predict treatment response to antispychotics.