• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of Sambok-go for upper respiratory tract infection. Methods: Sambok-go was performed to outpatients which had visited Daejeon university oriental medicine hospital. The number of participants who received Sambok-go at least once were 85, 21 patients did not receive Sambok-go three times were excluded first. Participants who received treatment three times were 64 patients. After the 2011 winter, 2012.05 we follow-up by telephone, except eight, 56 patients were analyzed. Sambok-go is composed of 8 kinds of medicinal herbs. Each Sambok-go weighs about 1.1g and attatchment surface diameter is about 1.5 cm. Sambok-go was attached to both side of 폐유(肺兪)(BL13), 심유(心兪)(BL15), 폐유(膈兪)(BL17), patients under the age of 15 were attached for an hour, patients over 15 years age were attatched for 3 hours. Results: Among the finally analyzed 56 participants, we compared the number of flu outbreak during winter before and after treatment. Before treatment measured $6.14{\pm}6.57$, after treatment measured $1.57{\pm}1.14$. In conclusion, the number of flu outbreak was significantly decreased(p<0.001). To investigate the effect of worsening factors on the pre-existing upper respiratory diseases, we checked whether the patients had pre-existing upper respiratory diseases. The patients who already had old upper respiratory diseases were 34. The increase in the frequency of deterioration in 5 patients, 4 patients no change, decreased in 24 cases, one patient was unresponsive. After evaluating the satisfaction of The patients who were treated with the Sambok-Go, the 29 cases were very satisfied, the 23 were satisfied, None of the paitents showed dissatisfaction or bad dissatisfaction. Conclusion: Sambok-go seems to be effective in the prevention of URI. Further studies are recommended to confirm this effect.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2012

Purpose: Human bocavirus (hBoV), a recently discovered virus, has been detected in children with respiratory tract infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency and molecular phylogeny of hBoV in the respiratory samples of children with acute respiratory tract infections in 2010. Methods: Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 953 children with lower respiratory tract infections at Severance children's hospital in Korea from January 2010 to December 2010. We applied the multiplex PCR technique for the identification of 12 respiratory viruses from the samples. Among the total specimens, hBoV positive samples were subjected to phylogenetic analysis by sequencing a fragment of the VP1/VP2 gene junction. Results: hBoV was detected in 141 (14.8%) among 953 patients. The 61.7% of hBoV-positive samples were found to co-exist with other respiratory viruses. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that all 141 hBoV-positive isolates were identified as hBoV 1, revealing a high similarity among the isolates (>98%). Conclusion: hBoV 1 with minimal sequence variations circulated in children with acute respiratory infections during 2010. More research is needed to determine the clinical severity and outcomes of the minimal sequence variations.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.185-197
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• 2003

This survey was performed to investigate frequency of clinical disease in Holstein dairy cattle and Korean native cattle in Chungbuk region of Korea. This study was conducted with the veterinary clinical charts recorded by veterinarians in an animal hospital for 387 Holstein herds(14,701$\pm$1,766 head) and 180 Korean native cattle herds(1,440$\pm$786 head) from October 1998 to September 2001. The prevalent disease classes in Holstein dairy cattle were digestive systems(26.84%), reproductive system(22.48%), locomotor system(21.43%) and metabolic disorders(10.08%). The locomotor diseases were increased with 1st year, 16.27%, 2nd year, 20.93% and 3rd year, 27.08%. The dieases of digestive and reproductive system occurred frequently in winter season(30.01%, 26.03% respectively) and the disease frequency of locomotor system were very high in fall(28.44%). The predominant diseases of Holstein dairy cattle were : claw overgrowth(13.58%), indigestion(11.23%), functional infertility(8.77%), metritis(8.28%), foot diseases(7.35%), LDA (6.57%) and ketosis(5.76%). The prevalent disease classes in Korean native cattle were digestive system(43.80%), respiratory system(28.11%) and reproductive system(10.69%). Seasonally, digestive diseases occurred frequently in spring (51.55%), whereas respiratory diseases occurred frequently in winter (39.60%). The predominant diseases in Korean native cattle were calf diarrhea(32.03%), calf pneumonia(21.79%), indigestion(8.26%), dystocia(7.65%) and pneumonia(5.90%).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.135-140
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• 2020

Background: Breastfeeding reportedly reduces the overall frequency of infections. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the most common respiratory pathogen in infants, involves recurrent wheezing and has a pathogenic mechanism related to airway structural damage. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether breastfeeding has a beneficial effect against RSV-induced respiratory infection compared to formula feeding among infants in Korea. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of infants under 1 year of age who were admitted with RSV infection between January 2016 and February 2018 at the department of pediatrics of 4 hospitals. We investigated the differences in clinical parameters such as cyanosis, chest retraction, combined infection, fever duration, oxygen use, oxygen therapy duration, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and corticosteroid treatment of exclusive breast milk feeding (BMF), artificial milk formula fed (AMF), and mixed feeding (MF) groups. Results: Among the 411 infants included in our study, 94, 161, and 156 were included in the BMF, MF, and AMF groups, respectively. The rates of oxygen therapy were significantly different among the BMF (4.3%), MF (8.1%), and AMF (13.5 %) groups (P=0.042). The odds ratios (ORs) for oxygen therapy was significantly higher in the AMF group than in the BMF group (adjusted OR, 3.807; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-11.90; P=0.021). The ICU admission rate of the BMF group (1.1%) was lower than that of the MF (3.5%) and AMF (4.5%) groups; however, the dissimilarity was not statistically significant (P=0.338). Conclusion: The severity of RSV infection requiring oxygen therapy was lower in the BMF than the AMF group. This protective role of human milk on RSV infection might decrease the need for oxygen therapy suggesting less airway damage.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.557-562
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• 2002

The present study was made with the aim of finding out the Kamihaepyoijin-tang's effect on the allergic asthma using the Egg-White Implant(EWI) method model recommended by de Siqueira et al. Kamihaepyoijin-tang has widely been prescribed and used in Oriental Medicine for controlling and curing of cough, asthma, nasal obstruction. Previous studies have demonstrated that Kamihaepyoijin-tang had analgesic, anticonvulsive effects. But it is uncertain whether Kamihaepyoijin-tang could inhibit the allergic reaction of rats with experimentally induced allergic asthma using EWI method. With such aim. the respiratory patterns and eosinophil infiltration in the tracheal mucosa of the rats were mainly observed. The results were summerized as follows ; 1. The frequency of malformed respiratory patterns in Kamihaepyoijin-tang treated groups were decreased as compared with the control group. 2. The Ratio of malformed respiratory patterns in Kamihaepyoijin-tang treated groups were significantly decreased as compared with the control group(p<0.02). 3. The eosinophil infiltration in Kamihaepyoijin-tang treated groups were decreased as compared with the control group. 4. The eosinophil infiltration that inside of trachea tissue in Kamihaepyoijin-tang treated groups were significantly decreased as compared with the control group(p<0.05). Depending upon above results, it is considered that Kamihaepyoijin-tang has the inhibitory effects on the allergic asthma of rats and suggested that it could be used in relieving patients of the symptoms which are caused by allergic asthma.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.9
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• pp.1350-1357
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• 2012

Medical system for personal health management recently changes its paradigm from hospital service to self home care based on ubiquitous technology for healthcare anywhere at any time. The present study developed a wireless bio-signal measurement system for patients to self manage pulmonary disease and benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH), both of which are chronic diseases with increasing frequency in modern society. Velocity-type respiratory air flow transducer adapted to develop respiratory module for pulmonary disease management was simplified in structure to measure uni-directional flow since most important diagnostic parameters are evaluated on the expiratory flow signal only. Standard weight measurement technique was introduced to obtain urinary flow signal for BPH management. Three load cell signals were acquired for averaging to minimize noise, followed by accuracy evaluation. Transmission and receiver modules were also developed with user program for wireless communication. Averaged relative errors were 2.05 and 1.02% for respiratory volume and maximal flow rate, respectively, and the relative error was 2.17% for urinary volume, demonstrating that both modules enabled very accurate measurements. Wireless communication distance was verified within 15m, long enough for home care application. The present system allows the user to select a necessary measurement module on a particular health demand and to immediately provide the self-test results, thus better quality health care would be possible.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.166-171
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• 1993

To compare the morbidity between the breast-fed and artificial formula-fed Infants, the frequency of diseases during infancy was studied. The subjects were 37 breast-fed infants and 41 formula-fed infants aged 12-15 months. The data were obtained while they visited the pediatric out-patient clinics. The results were as follows : 1. Most prevalent diseases in the infancy were respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses. 2. During the first 6 months the morbidity was significantly lower in the breast-fed than in the formula-fed 3. The frequency of respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases was significantly higher in the formula-fed than in the breast-fed infant during the first 6 months.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the frequency and clinical characteristics of anaphylaxis patients who are registered inaccurately with other disease codes. Methods: Study subjects presenting at the emergency department (ED) were retrospectively collected using disease codes to search for anaphylaxis patients in a previous studies. The study group was divided into an accurate and inaccurate group according to whether disease codes were accurately registered as anaphylaxis codes. Results: Among 266 anaphylaxis patients, 144 patients (54%) received inaccurate codes. Cancer was the most common comorbidity, and the radio-contrast media was the most common cause of anaphylaxis in the accurate group. Cutaneous and respiratory symptoms manifested more frequently in the inaccurate group, while cardiovascular and neurological symptoms were more frequent in the accurate group. Blood pressure was lower, and shock and non-alert consciousness were more common in the accurate group. Administration of intravenous fluid and epinephrine use were more frequent in the accurate group. Anaphylaxis patients with a history of cancer, shock, and epinephrine use were more likely to be registered as anaphylaxis codes accurately, but patients with respiratory symptoms were more likely to be registered with other disease codes. Conclusion: In cases of anaphylaxis, the frequency of inaccurately registered disease codes was higher than that of accurately registered codes. Anaphylaxis patients who were not treated with epinephrine at the ED who did not have a history of cancer, but had respiratory symptoms were at increased risk of being registered with disease codes other than anaphylaxis codes.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.101-128
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• 1999

A study on disease treated at oriental medical treatment facilities (OMTF) and patients' satisfaction levels was conducted in order to figure out why the patients visited oriental medical doctors and the level of satisfaction of the patients for the services offered to them by oriental medical doctors. This study was performed from March 2 through May 31, 1998 by interviewing 1.532 persons living in major and small cities in korea. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The general characteristics of subjects. The highest portion of each part was, 66.9% female, persons in the age group of over 60's 22.7%, high school graduated 34.9%, house wife 30.8%, The married 65.0%, Buddhist 36.9%, maj or city residents 60.2%, company covered insurance benefiter 39.0% and etc. 2. 40.5% of subjects visited OMTF for skeletal and connective tissue diseases. 21.5% for digestive system diseases. 16.2% for respiratory system diseases. 13.3% for circulatory system diseases and 9.0% for neurological problems. 3. 42.7% of males visited OMTF for skeletal and connective tissue diseases, which were the highest and respiratory system disorders, digestive system disorders, circulatory system disorders and neurological diseases in order. 39.4% of females visited OMTF for skeletal and connective tissue disorders which were the highest and other conditions such as digestive system, circulatory, respiratory, and neurological disorders in order. 4. The males with circulatory system disorders were treated by herbal medicine, combination of herbal medicine and acupuncture, only in order. The females with the some conditions above were treated by combination of herbal medicine and herbal medical and acupuncture only in order. The males and females with respiratory system and digestive system diseases were treated by herbal medicine, combination of herbal medicine and acupuncture only in order. But the males and females with skeletal and connective tissue diseases were by acupuncture are the highest in order. 5. The females and persons in the age group of over 60' s and house wife. the not married, the unhealthy persons, residents living in small cities, the persons with high income by medical treatments frequency in circulatory system diseases are the highest. 6, The females, middle school graduated and the married, persons in the age group of over 60's, unemployed, sales and service industry workers, Buddhists, major city residents, the unhealthy persons, the persons with middle income by medical treatments frequency in respiratory system diseases are the highest. 7. The females, persons in the age group of over 60's, under graduated or elementary school graduated, the unemployed and house wife, the unmarried, Buddhists, major city residents, the unhealthy persons, the persons with low income by medical treatments frequency in digestive system diseases are the highest. 8. The males, major city residents, old ages, under graduated or elementary school graduated, go earn officials, people grown in small city, the persons who had health insurance policies, the persons with low income, the unhealthy persons by medical treatments frequency in skeletal and connective tissue disorders diseases. 9. 50.8% of the respondents said that the treatments at the OMTF were very effective. 47.7% of them said that the treatments were effective. The males, persons in the age group of 40's, high school graduates, official workes, the married, the persons who did not have religion, major city residents, the persons who had health insurance policies, the persons with high income and the healthy persons said that the treatment effects at OMTF were satisfactory. 10. The patients' satisfaction rate for OMTF on each disease is, 1st. Musculo-Skeletal system(most satisfied), 2nd. the pregnancy & delivery complications, 3rd. Eye & ophthalmics, 4th. Respiratory system, 5th. Mental & bodily disorder, 6th. Digestive system and etc. 11. The factors affect OMTF are age, satisfaction for OMTF, current disease, religion, efficiency of Oriental Medicine, health condition and etc. This explained power of variable were 39.0%. 12. The satisfied factors for OMTF is correlate to educational level, and economical variables.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1276-1284
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• 2012

A 12-wk experiment was conducted to examine the hematological changes, survival, and respiratory exchange in the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, during starvation. The growth, survival and respiratory exchange rates of the starved group were lower than those of the fed group during the experiment. Blood analysis, including hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and mean corpuscular volume, did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between the fed and starved groups at the end of the experiment. There were no significant differences in plasma cortisol, glucose, $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, $K^+$, or aspartate aminotransferase between the fed and starved groups (p>0.05). Alanine aminotransferase levels were higher in the starved group than in the fed group, whereas plasma osmolality was lower in the starved group than in the fed group. It was shown that starved fish had various problems after four weeks, which did not occur in the fed group. Long-term starvation is infrequent in aquaculture farms. However, starvation studies of this kind are very useful for a basic understanding of how physiological changes affect fish health, life expectancy, and growth.