• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.435-445
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• 2023

A delta is a depositional landform that is formed when sediment transported by a river is deposited in a relatively low-energy environment, such as a lake, sea, or a main channel. Among these, a delta formed at the confluence of rivers has a great importance in river management and research because it has a significant impact on the hydraulic and sedimentological characteristics of the river. Recently, the equilibrium state of the confluence area has been disrupted by large-scale dredging and construction of levees in the Nakdong River. However, due to the natural recovery of the river, the confluence area is returning to its pre-dredging natural state through ongoing sedimentation. The time-series data show that the confluence delta has been steadily growing since the dredging, but once it reaches a certain size, it repeats growth and retreat, and the overall size does not change significantly. In this study, we developed a model to explain the sedimentation-erosion processes in the confluence area based on the assumption that the confluence delta reaches a dynamic equilibrium. The model is based on two fundamental principles: sedimentation due to supply from the tributary and erosion due to the main channel. The erosion coefficient that represents the Nakdong River confluence areas, was obtained using data from the tributaries of the Nakdong River. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using the developed model to understand how the confluence delta responds to changes in the sediment and water discharges of the tributary and the main channel, respectively. We then used annual average discharge of the Nakdong River's tributaries to predict the dynamic equilibrium positions of the confluence deltas. Finally, we conducted a simulation experiment on the development of the Gamcheon-Nakdong River delta using recorded daily discharge. The results showed that even though it is a simple model, it accurately predicted the dynamic equilibrium positions of the confluence deltas in the Nakdong River, including the areas where the delta had not formed, and those where the delta had already formed and predicted the trend of the response of the Gamcheon-Nakdong River delta. However, the actual retreat in the Gamcheon-Nakdong River delta was not captured fully due to errors and limitations in the simplification process. The insights through this study provide basic information on the sediment supply of the Nakdong River through the confluence areas, which can be implemented as a basic model for river maintenance and management.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.39
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• pp.143-175
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• 2008

The documentary letter of credit is the most preferred and frequently used method in International Payment System in Korea, as it has less possibility of occurring credit risks in export than any other payment system. That's because the exporter can get payment from the issuing bank(confirming bank) by delivering the goods and presenting documents following the required procedure under the letter of credit, as the payment is affirmed by the issuing bank(including the confirming bank in case of the confirmed letter of credit) regardless of the buyer's payment. However, the pattern of payment methods used in international trade of Korea is changing dramatically like the importance of the credit is decreasing continuously among the payment methods while the remittance is increasing. The increase of remittance has a positive aspect that International Payment System are changing into those of advanced countries, but the decrease of the credit also has a negative aspect that the exporter might have a greater credit risks. Therefore, we need a systematic device to deal with this. Exporters in Korea usually have used the export credit insurance to deal with the credit risks However, the export credit insurance also have a limitation as the policy finance due to the limitation based on the credit status of the business and the limitation of acceptance from the lack of financial resources of the government, etc. Korea, which is the 11th export power in the world, has a basic limitation to deal with the credit risks by depending on the export credit insurance only. So, in this thesis, I have studied on the international factoring, forfaiting, which are advanced export finances and widely used in advanced countries, as substitutes to deal with the credit risks. the international factoring is an trade financing in which a factor offers full services such as credit cover, offering prepayment, collection, account receivables, management, etc, instead of the exporter on the account receivables occurred by the exporter's delivering goods to the importer. This international factoring has a high possibility of using as a means to deal with the credit risks, because it offers prepayment without recourse. the forfaiting is another export financing in which a forfaiter purchases the draft, the promissory note and other negotiable instruments issued from the international trade, with fixed interest rate without recourse from the exporter or previous holder. By using this method, they can avoid foreign exchange risks, contingency risks as well as credit risks, as the conveyances like the promissory note, etc are issued with the note warranty so-called 'per aval' in business practice. These trade financing are good substitutes to deal with the credit risks in export, but they are not widely used in Korea. Though it can be explained with various reasons, the common reasons are the lack of understanding on the use of advanced export finance, the lack of experts to manage the advanced trade finance, the conservative way of thinking of domestic organizations related to trade financing, the lack of organizations supporting the trade financing, etc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.91-115
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• 1996

In the recent years, protected horticultural facilities have been modernized and glasshouses are also propagating in Korea, even most vegetables production are conducted in the traditional plastic houses covered with, for example, PVC film for just temperature keeping. It would limit the productivity and competitivity of the vegetable production industry without automatization and high quality year round production. A plant factory, aimed to produce vegetables in the limited areas, was initiated in Christensen farm, Denmark in 1957, and widely propagated in some developed countries. As it has the automatized system which enables to keep optimized environment conditions, it will be the best facility for high quality products as well as year round planned production. However, we have not even started the plant factory production. Since the plant factory is requiring lots of resources, besides plant cultivation technologies, such as environment control, automatic engineering and robotics, our approach to the development of plant factories should be minded on Practical Plant Factories considering our current farming practices and least capital needs rather than blindly employing the advanced technologies from developed countries. Thus, Korean plant factory development can be initiated with year round leaf vegetables production in NFT or DFT cultivation system instead of the moval bed system, in which aerial environment factors such as light, temperature, humidity and CO$_2$ concentration and root environment ones such as solution concentration, temperature, pH and water soluble oxygen shall be automatically controlled. And the seeding, seedling and transplanting operations shall be accomplished in the house entrance, and the harvesting and grading opreations shall be conducted in the house exit. For practical plant factories, environment control technologies including artificial light source, illumination and air conditioning, automatic management for nutrient solution and automatic production line of moval bed system, transplanting and harvest should be developed along with researches on the cost reduction of factory building construction.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.77-86
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• 2019

Purpose - The present study examined the reliability of accounting information based on the pay slice (CPS) information of chief executive officers (CEOs) in the service industry. The difference in the size of CPS under the capitalist system can be used as an index to gauge the influence of top management. Research design, data, and methodology - In accordance with the amendment of the Financial Investment Services and Capital Market Act in 2013, the pay information of individual registered executives with annual salary of more than 500 million won has been disclosed. The sample of the current study is 232 companies listed on the Korea Exchange excluding financial services from 2013 to 2015, when the individual pay-slice information for registration officers was published in the business report in accordance with the revision of the Capital Market Act. The financial data required for this study were extracted from the FnGuide and the TS-2000. With the data, we tested the relationship between CPS and accounting information reliability through a linear regression analysis. Results - The first result showed that the relationship between the CPS and human resource in internal accounting control system in the service industry is significantly negative only with the accounting department personnel. This result implied that the CEO can negatively affect the retention of the accounting department in the firm. Second, both the CPS and quality of audit in the service industry are negatively related both to audit fees and to audit time. Nonetheless, the relationship between the number of the auditor and the CPS is insignificant. This result indicated that the CEO can negatively affect audit fees and audit time of external auditors. The results of the present study suggested that CPS information may have a negative impact on the reliability of accounting information. Conclusion - This study is the first study to examine the reliability of CPS and accounting information for the service industry in terms of human resources in internal accounting control system and audit quality. Therefore, the present study is expected to provide some useful information to economic decision-making of various external parties for service firms.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.113-141
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• 2000

The aim of this paper is to project the state of the labor farce and employment in Korea from 2000 to 2005. The labor market in Korea is experiencing significant changes with the rapid development of Information and Telecommunication Technology (ICT) and the transition of the Korean economy into a knowledge-based economy. On the labor supply side, it is expected that the growth of the labor force will be sluggish; baby boomers will become the middle-aged, while the proportion of senior citizens, the highly educated and the female labor force will grow fast. These changes will alter the human resources management system in business sectors. Moreover, the permanent employment relationship, the hierarchy system and the seniority-based wage system are all expected to change. On the labor demand side, the employment share in highly skilled. knowledge-intensive industries will grow faster than the rest of the economy in tandem with the quickly growing output share of these industries. Especially, more jobs will be created in the ICT industries. The proportion of labor in highly skilled and professional occupations will also grow faster than in other occupations. At the same time, the employment share of female workers will grow more quickly than that of the male workers. These changes, however, may worsen income inequalities and/or increase the unemployment rate when workers do not have the suitable skills or knowledge required by the knowledge-based economy. To avoid this, it is necessary for the government to build up a lifetime learning system for workers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.171-175
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• 2017

In the non-destructive inspection field, we invest a lot of time and resources in developing the radiation source system to ensure the safety of the workers. However, the probability of accidents is still high. In order to prevent potential radiation accidents in advance, it is necessary to directly verify the position of the radiation source, but the research is still insufficient. In this study, we developed a monitoring system that can detect the position of the radiation source in the source guide tube in the gamma-ray irradiator. The characteristics of the radiation detector are estimated by monte carlo simulation. As a result, the radiation detector for Ir-192 gamma-ray energy was analyzed to have secondary electron equilibrium at $150{\mu}m$ regardless of the semiconductor material. Also, it is expected that the gamma ray response characteristic is the best in $HgI_2$. These results are expected to be used as a basis for determining the optimal thickness of the radiation detector located in the detection part of the future monitoring system. In addition, when developing a monitoring system based on this, radiation workers can easily recognize the danger and secure safety, as well as prevent and preemptively respond to potential radiation accidents.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2006

It has lately been recognized that the sharing and exchanging of the research results information is the critical factor to improve the research productivity. So many institutions are planning or developing the information systems which provide the research information services for researcher. But it has very difficulty in integrating the research resources information due to the dispersion and heterogeneity in data sources, and semantic and structural difference in describing data. We propose the semantic web based methodology and conceptual framework for raising the interoperability of metadata about research results information, which will support the integration of the distributed research data for information services in the end. We first introduce the ontology which is developed based on Standard Metadata of Research Results Information published by STISC. Then to show the applicability in real-world environment, we express the metadata of research information in RDF/RDFS according to ontology. Finally we proposed the conceptual architecture of research information service system which shows the main components, the functional requirements, and the principal and design direction at implementing the system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.233-239
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• 2001

최근 대부분의 회사들은 업무를 수행하는데 필요한 지식과 노하우를 공유하고 재사용하기 위하여 지적 자산 관리의 중요성을 인식하고 있다. 특히 고도로 지식 집약적인 업종이라 할 수 있는 IT컨설팅 회사에서는 지적 자산의 관리가 다른 어떤 회사에서보다 큰 중요성을 가지게 된다. 컨설팅 회사에 있어서 검증이 완료된 지적 자산의 공유 및 지능적이면서도 신속한 검색은 컨설팅 서비스의 품질과 고객 만족에 직결되는 중요한 요소이다. 따라서 대부분의 컨설팅 회사들은 자사의 지식 자산을 관리하기 위하여 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 본 논문의 목적은 IT 컨설팅 회사예서 관리되는 다양한 형태의 지적 자산들을 중앙 관리하여 설친 고객 사이트에 흩어져 프로젝트를 수행하는 컨설턴트들이 공유할 수 있도록 함으로써 컨설팅 서비스의 생산성과 품질들 높이고자 하는데 있다 이를 위하여 건설팅 회사에서 관리되는 모든 지적 자산의 재고를 조사하여 모델링하고 이를 쉽게 저장하고 검색할 수 있는 시스템 아키텍처를 제안한다. 제안된 아키텍처를 NT 기반에서 Index server를 이용하여 시스템으로 구현하였다 (KMSCR: A Knowledge Management System for managing Consulting Resources). KMSCR에서는 컨설턴트가 찾고자 하는 검색어를 입력하면 다양한 포맷의 (.doc, .ppt, xls, .rtf, .txt, .html 등과 같은) 결과물을 관련성이 높은 순서대로 출력해 줌으로써 컨설팅 리소스를 효과적으로 재사용할 수 있도록 도와 준다. 또한 검색 시에는 미리 등록된 키워드 뿐 아니라 본문 내의 텍스트 검색까지 가능하게 함으로써 컨설팅 리소스에 대한 보다 효과적이고 효율적인 검색을 가능하게 한다.간을 성능 평가 인자로 하여 수행하였다. 논문에서 제한된 방법을 적용한 개선된 RICH-DP을 모의 실험을 통하여 분석한 결과 기존의 제한된 RICH-DP는 실시간 서비스에 대한 처리율이 낮아지며 서비스 시간이 보장되지 못했다. 따라서 실시간 서비스에 대한 새로운 제안된 기법을 제안하고 성능 평가한 결과 기존의 RICH-DP보다 성능이 향상됨을 확인 할 수 있었다.(actual world)에서 가상 관성 세계(possible inertia would)로 변화시켜서, 완수동사의 종결점(ending point)을 현실세계에서 가상의 미래 세계로 움직이는 역할을 한다. 결과적으로, IMP는 완수동사의 닫힌 완료 관점을 현실세계에서는 열린 미완료 관점으로 변환시키되, 가상 관성 세계에서는 그대로 닫힌 관점으로 유지 시키는 효과를 가진다. 한국어와 영어의 관점 변환 구문의 차이는 각 언어의 지속부사구의 어휘 목록의 전제(presupposition)의 차이로 설명된다. 본 논문은 영어의 지속부사구는 논항의 하위간격This paper will describe the application based on this approach developed by the authors in the FLEX EXPRIT IV n$^{\circ}$EP29158 in the Work-package "Knowledge Extraction & Data mining"where the information captured from digital newspapers is extracted and reused in tourist information context.terpolation performance of CNN was relatively

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.11
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• pp.87-104
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• 2015

Currently the IoT (Internet of Things) environments and related technologies are being developed rapidly through the networks for connecting many intelligent objects. The IoT is providing artificial intelligent services combined with context recognition based knowledge and communication methods between human and objects and objects to objects. With the help of IoT technology, many research works are being developed using the C-ITS (Cooperative Intelligent Transport System) which uses road infrastructure and traveling vehicles as traffic control infrastructures and resources for improving and increasing driver's convenience and safety through two way communication such as bus-only lane and license plate recognition and road accidents, works ahead reports, which are eventually for advancing traffic effectiveness. In this paper, a system for deciding whether the traveling vehicle is possible or not to drive on bus-only lane in highway is researched using the lane and number plate recognition on the road in C-ITS traffic infrastructure environments. The number plates of vehicles on the straight ahead and sides are identified after the location of bus-only lane is discovered through the lane recognition method. Research results and experimental outcomes are presented which are supposed to be used by traffic management infrastructure and controlling system in future.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.255-280
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• 2016

This study examined sexual violence characteristics among the individuals who utilized victim support services provided by National Rape Crisis Intervention Centers in Korea. The study is the part of a Korean longitudinal study on sexual assault characteristics and its implications for post-abuse adjustments, which is supported by Korean Mental Health Technology R&D Project. Eleven national rape crisis centers nationwide and 29 NGO's participated in the study. The participating centers provided the data on sexual abuse characteristics from their standardized case management system. The cases were randomly selected from the system. Total of 1077 cases were gleaned from the system and utilized for this analysis. Results indicated that the abuse characteristics differed by victims' age (children, adolescent vs. adults) as well as relationship with perpetrator. We could identify six different profile groups based on the detailed violence characteristics. The results assured us of the importance to understand the detailed characteristics of sexual violence and the old notion that 'one size may not fit all'. The results from the profile analyses may have important implication for developing victim support programs and appropriately allocating agency resources according to the different profiles of the service users.