• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.8
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• pp.138-154
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to propose up-cycling fashion designs, based on guidelines derived from up-cycling fashion brand products and their required elements of the design. The study thus categorized required elements into environment, significance, economy, function, design, and material, then extracted a set of design guidelines. The guidelines for waste resource-based up-cycling fashion design include the followings: First, authenticity, taking mutual environmental relations into account. Second, rarity of products beyond the domain of standardized ready-made goods thanks to manual operation. Third, storytelling, reflecting the consumer history. Fourth, sustainability to signify the circulation of matters. Fifth, experimental characteristic to fulfill creative innovation. Sixth, changeability through interactions with wearers. The investigator decided design concepts based on them and created up-cycling design works with waste plastic bags, shirts, stockings, neckties, outdoor mats, and backpacks in a variety of formative expressive techniques.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.105-122
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• 2011

The fundamental design goal of wireless sensor MAC protocols is to minimize unnecessary power consumption of the sensor nodes, because of its stringent resource constraints and ultra-power limitation. In existing MAC protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), duty cycling, in which each node periodically cycles between the active and sleep states, has been introduced to reduce unnecessary energy consumption. Existing MAC schemes, however, use a fixed duty cycling regardless of multi-hop communication and traffic fluctuations. On the other hand, there is a tradeoff between energy efficiency and delay caused by duty cycling mechanism in multi-hop communication and existing MAC approaches only tend to improve energy efficiency with sacrificing data delivery delay. In this paper, we propose two different MAC schemes (ADS-MAC and ELA-MAC) using closed-loop control in order to achieve both energy savings and minimal delay in wireless sensor networks. The two proposed MAC schemes, which are synchronous and asynchronous approaches, respectively, utilize an adaptive timer and a successive preload frame with closed-loop control for adaptive duty cycling. As a result, the analysis and the simulation results show that our schemes outperform existing schemes in terms of energy efficiency and delivery delay.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.69-69
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• 2001

The cell cycle phase in which donor nuclei exist prior to nuclear transfer is an important factor governing developmental rates of reconstituted embryos. It was suggested that quiescent G0 and cycling G1 cells could support normal development of reconstituted embryos. In a quest of optimized donor nuclei treatment prior to nuclear transfer, this study was undertaken to examine the cell cycle characteristics of bovine fetal and adult somatic cells when cultured under a variety of culture treatments and the cell cycle change with the lapse of time after trypsinization. This was archived by measuring the DNA content of cells using flow cytometry, Cultured fetal fibroblast cells, adult skin and muscle cells, and cumulus cells were divided by 3 culture treatments; 1) grown to 60-70% confluency (cycling), 2) serum starved culture, 3) culture to confluency. Trypsinized cells were fixed by 70% ethanol and stained with propidium iodide. For one experiment, trypsinized cells were resuspended in DMEM＋10% FBS and incubated for 1.5, 3 and 6 h with occasional shaking before ethanol fixation. Cell cycle phases were determined by flow cytometry enabling calculation of percentages of G0＋G1, S and G2＋M. The majority of cells were in G0＋Gl stage regardless of origin of cells. Cultures that were serum starved or cultured to confluency contained significantly (P<0.05) higher percentages of cells in G0＋G1 (89.5-95.4%). For every cell lines and culture treatments, percentages of cells in existing in G0＋G1 increased with decreasing of the cell size from large to small. In the serum starved and confluency groups, about 98% of small cells were in G0＋G1 Serum starved culture contained higher percentages of small-sized cells (38.5-66.9%) than cycling and confluent cultures regardless of cell lines (P<0.05). After trypsinization of fetal fibroblast and adult skin cells that were serum starved and cultured to confluency, the percentages of cells in G0＋G1 significantly increased by incubation for 1.5(95.7-99.5%) and 3.0 h (95.9-98.6%). The results suggest that the efficient synchronization of bovine somatic cells in G0＋G1 for nuclear transfer can be established by incubation for a limited time period after trypsinization of serum starved or confluent cells.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 2007

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.503-510
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• 2003

How to plan the energy system is one of the keys f3r constructing the Environment -Friendly City. for this reason, a great number of surveys for utilizing unused energy have conducted by a planner. In regard to unused energy, the heat from incineration plants classify as a unused energy having high-exergy-energy. From this point of view, It is studied about the plant systems providing heat to district heating & cooling(D.H.C) and producing electric power. It is divided four system models as system I (10K [kgf/cm$^2$) vapor as outlet of boiler, supply far 10K vapor and return to 60$^{\circ}C$ as supply condition of district heating), system II (30 K vapor as outlet of boiler, supply for 5t vapor and return to 60f as supply condition of district heating), system 111 (30 K vapor as outlet of boiler, supply for 85$^{\circ}C$ hot water and return to 60$^{\circ}C$ as supply condition of district heating), system IV (30 K vapor as outlet of boiler, supply for 47$^{\circ}C$ hot water and return to 40t as supply condition of district heating). The results from the upper condition of four system, System II got a proper on economical benefits and system IV calculated as benefiting on energy saving effects, and suggest indifference curve as the total evaluation method of both economical benefits and energy saving.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

This study was conducted to determine the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) response of litterfall components as affected by N addition in compound fertilizer in a Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) stand in southern Korea. Litterfall in a mature red pine stand was collected for two years following compound fertilizer application ($N_3P_4K_1$; $P_4K_1$) and no fertilization (control). The C concentration of litterfall components was not significantly (P > 0.05) different between the $N_3P_4K_1$ and the control plots, whereas the N concentration of the litterfall components was significantly higher in the $N_3P_4K_1$ plot than in the control plot. The $N_3P_4K_1$ and $P_4K_1$ additions induced a lower C/N ratio of litterfall components compared with the control plot. Annual C and N fluxes via litterfall components were not affected by the $N_3P_4K_1$ addition over the study period, except for reproduction litter. Annual N fluxes via reproduction litter were significantly higher in the $N_3P_4K_1$ plot than in the control plot. Thus, the $N_3P_4K_1$ and $P_4K_1$ additions could modify differently nutrient distribution of the forest floor and mineral soils in a red pine stand. These results indicate that N concentration and C/N ratio in litterfall components are more susceptible to fertilizer application than the C response in litterfall components.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.77-83
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• 2008

In this paper, CPLD low power technology mapping for reuse module design under the time constraint is proposed. Traditional high-level synthesis do not allow reuse of complex, realistic datapath component during the task of scheduling. On the other hand, the proposed algorithm is able to approach a productivity of the design the low power to reuse which given a library of user-defined datapath component and to share of resource sharing on the switching activity in a shared resource. Also, we are obtainable the optimal the scheduling result in experimental results of our using chaining and multi-cycling in the scheduling techniques. Low power circuit make using CPLD technology mapping algorithm for selection reuse module by scheduling.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.239-246
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• 2021

The fertility of dairy cows has been declining worldwide. The number of services per conception has increased, and repeat breeder (RB) cows are considered important in the dairy industry. However, there has been little research on RB cows in Korea. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum biochemical profiles and RB Holstein cattle in Korea and compare the results with those of studies conducted abroad. In addition, we investigated hidden factors that are needed for RB cattle to become pregnant. Overall, 34 Korean Holstein Friesian cows were divided into three groups: pregnant with normal cycling (PNC), pregnant with repeat breeder (PRB), and non-pregnant with repeat breeder (NRB). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein, and serum parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LD, CK, TP, ALB, GLOB, TBIL, BUN, CRE, GLU, TC, TG, NEFA, CA, MG, and IP) were analyzed. GGT levels were significantly different among groups (P=0.01). The concentration of GGT was the highest in the NRB and the lowest in the PNC. In contrast to the findings of other studies, there were no differences in GLU, TP, TC, and BUN levels. This study is the first to investigate serum biochemistry in RB cattle and provides results that differ from those of previous studies; these findings would help establish a novel approach to improve fertility of RB cattle.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2006

In this paper, CPLD low power technology mapping using reuse module selection under the time constraint is proposed. Traditional high-level synthesis do not allow reuse of complex, realistic datapath component during the task of scheduling. On the other hand, the proposed algorithm is able to approach a productivity of the design the low power to reuse which given a library of user-defined datapath component and to share of resource sharing on the switching activity in a shared resource Also, we are obtainable the optimal the scheduling result in experimental results of our using chaining and multi-cycling in the scheduling techniques. Low power circuit make using CPLD technology mapping algorithm for selection reuse module by scheduling.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 2007

The information on flowpath, storage, residence time, and interactions of water and carbon transport in a catchment is the prerequisite to the understanding and predicting of water and carbon cycling in the mountainous landscapes of Korea. In this paper, along with some up-to-date results, we present the principal methods that are currently used in HydroKorea and CarboKorea research to obtain such information. Various catchment hydrological processes have been examined on the basis of the water table fluctuations, the end-member mixing model, the cross correlation analysis, and cosmogenic radioactive isotope activity. In the Gwangneung catchment, the contribution of surface discharge was relatively large, and the changes in the amount, intensity and patterns of precipitation affected both the flowpath and the mean residence time of water. Particularly during the summer monsoon, changes in precipitation patterns and hydrological processes in the catchment influenced the carbon cycle such that the persistent precipitation increased the discharge of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrated in the surface soil layer. The improved understanding of the hydrological processes presented in this report will enable a more realistic assessment of the effects of climate changes on the water resource management and on the carbon cycling in forest catchments.