• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.549-558
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine which differences in the source of protein (soy vs casein) and isoflavones in soy protein are responsible for the differential effects of bone marks and hormones in growing female rats. Forty-two 21-day-old Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups, consuming casein (control group), soy protein isolate (57 mg isoflavones/100 g diet), or soy protein concentrate (about 1.2 mg isoflavones/100 g diet). All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Bone formation was measured by serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations. And bone resorption rate was measured by deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslinks immunoassay and corrected for creatinine. Serum osteocalcin, growth hormone, estrogen and calcitonin were analyzed using radioimmunoassay kits. Diet did not affect weight gain and mean food intake. Food efficiency ratio was lower in the soy protein groups. The soy isolate group had a higher ALP and osteocalcin concentration and lower crosslinks value than the casein group. Therefore, the soy isolate groups had a higher bone formation/resorption ratio than the casein group. And, the soy group had significantly higher growth hormone than the casein group. The findings of this study suggest that soy protein and isoflavones are beneficial for bone formation in growing female rats. Therefore, exposure to these soy protein and isoflavones early in life may have benefits for osteoporosis prevention.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.163-171
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• 1987

The author has clinically and radiologically investigated 57 cases of odontogenic keratocyst in 47 patients consisted of 26 males and 21 females aged from.2 to 63 years, who were pathologically diagnosed as odontogenic keratocyst at infirmaries of dental colleges, Yonsei University and Seoul national university during 1965-1986. The results were as follows: 1. The peak incidence of the disease was on their teenagers (29.8%). The ratio of Male/Female was 1.23:1 and incidence rate of males showed higher than their counterpart. 2. The most frequent complaints were swelling in (65.9%) followed by pus discharge, unknown mass, pain, residual root. 3. The most common site was mandibular third molar and mandibular ramus region (15.8%) followed by mandibular body and ramus, mandibular third molar, mandibular anterior teeth. Incidence of this disease in mandible was higher than in maxilla. 4. The lesions not associated with adjacent teeth were (14.0%) and in the lesions associated with adjacent teeth (35.1%) showed root resorption, (50.9%) were without root resorption, (35.1%) showed tooth migration and (50.9%) were without tooth migration. 5. The border types of the lesions were scalloped type in (52.6%), smooth type in (47.4%) and morphological type were unilocular in (50.9%), multilocular in (49.1%). 6. The radiologic cyst type of the lesions were follicular type (42.1%) followed by primordial, unclassified odontogenic, residual, lateral periodontal, median mandibular, globulomaxillary type.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.716-728
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• 1998

To investigate the effect of dietary Ca levels on metabolic changes of Ca and skeleton in postmenopausal women, 10-month-old ovariectomized female rats were compared with 2 month old rats. The rats were fed either 0.2% or 1.2% Ca diets for 16 weeks. Food intake and weight gain as higher in rats fed high Ca diets and in ovariectomized rats. Apparent Ca absorption as higher, and Ca balance was lower in the low Ca groups. Vertebrae density was higher in old rats or those fed a high Ca diets. The old rats and ovariectomized rats showed decreased bone formation, increased bone resorption and kidney function deterioration resulting in increased urinary Ca excretion. Contradictory to the above observation, old rats and ovariectomized rats still showed higher bone mass and bone ash content. Therefore aging was not fully onging in 10-month-old rats. Bone weights, mineral contents, and mineral/wt ratio were lower in ovariectomized rats. Dietary Ca level did not affect urinary Ca excretion, urinary protein excretion, GFR, serum alkaline phosphatase, or urinary hydroxyporline excretion. This means that dietary Ca level did not influence kidney function or bone turnover. However Ca content and the ash content of femur, 4th vertebra, and scapula were increased in high Ca groups. Therefore, it is considered that decreased bone formation and accelerated bone resorption may account for the increased osteoporotic risk in women in menopause after middle age. However, Ca metabolism can be improved and bone components can be maintained if Ca is supplemented.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.659-666
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• 1996

The treatment of complete avulsed teeth due to traumatic injuries is replantation procedure. The major complication of replantation are pulp necrosis, ankylosis, and root resorption. It is important to maintain the vitality of periodontal ligament to minimize the complications. The purpose of this case report is to consider the facts that affect the success rate and the prognosis of complete avulsed teeth after replantation. All of these cases had different conditions and transport media. The following results were observed: 1. The successive treatment of complete ayulsed teeth requires the maintainance of vitality of periodontal ligament. 2. The complication of replantation are inflammatory root resorption and ankylosis and in such case, proper endodontic treatment using calcium hydroxide medications and periodic observations are needed. 3. In case of delayed replantation, the use of fluoride and root planning procedure can help to achieve better result. 4. It is more esthetic and functional to maintain the avulsed tooth in mouth.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.303-308
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• 1992

Three female sheep were daily administered a pyrophosphate analogue, disodium 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) at the level of 4 mg/kg body weight. HEBP largely suppressed bone resorption, which was indicated by the reduction in plasma free hydroxyproline concentration and in calcium mobilization rate during the intravenous infusion of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA). Contrary to the suppression of bone resorption, plasma total-calcium, magnesium and phosphorus concentrations were not changed by HEBP administration. These results suggest that bone mineral crystals play a meaningless role on calcium, magnesium and phosphorus homeostasis in ruminants if they are fed adequate amounts of these minerals. Plasma magnesium and phosphorus concentrations were not significantly changed after feeding. However, plasma total-calcium was decreased after feeding in both periods and the reduction seemed to be remarkable in the HEBP-treated period. Infusion of EDTA more remarkably reduced plasma ionized calcium concentration in the HEBP-treated that in the untreated period and the recovery of ionized calcium was retarded by HEBP administration. These results suggest that calcium release from bone is necessary for maintenance of plasma calcium when animals rapidly lose calcium.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.54-59
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognosis (clinical outcomes) of one-stage flapless implant surgery based on success and survival rate and marginal alveolar bone loss. Materials and Methods: Ninety dental implants were placed according flapless surgical procedure in forty-one patients at Hospital between April 2004 and May 2009. The mean age of the patients was 54, and the patients were comprised of 24 men and 17 women. Each patient was investigated radiographically and clinically being with average follow up 49.7 period. Result: Average healing period is 4.45 month (maxilla: 5.31 month, mandible: 3.20 month) after installation and survival rate is 95.7% in this period. The survival rate and success rate at 1 year after function (prosthodontics setting) are 92.4% and 88.0%. At final observation, the survival rate and success rate are 90.2% (maxilla: 89.1%, mandible: 92.9%) and 84.8% (maxilla: 82.8%, mandible: 89.3%). The mean residual alveolar bone resorption at 1-year after function and final observation are 0.8 mm and 1.07 mm. Conclusion: Our study suggest that if appropriate surgical technique with proper patients selection, flapless implants surgery is predictable simple and safety technique.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.5 s.76
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• pp.551-562
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• 1999

This study was undertaken to investigate the relation between orthodontic force magnitude and the amount of tooth movement. And more light force application for reducing root resorption Twenty-four rats were divided into three experimental groups(A, B, C) based on force magnitude and application method. Springs of 50g force were applied to A group, springs of 100g force were applied to B group and springs of 25g force were applied to C group initially, and after 4 days springs of C group were changed to springs of 50g force. Two kinds of $sentally^{(R)}$(GAC U.S.A.) closed coil spring, 50g and 100g, were used. And we made 25g springs by heat treatment process of 50g springs. Each spring was inserted between the maxillary central incisor and the maxillary left first molar. Amounts of tooth movement were measured everyday by digital caliper($Digimatic^{(R)}$, Mitutoyo, Japan) under inhalation anesthesia for 15 days. After 15 days, all rats were sacrificed and histological samples were obtained with Hematoxyline-Eosin stain and Masson's trichrome stain. Following conclusion were made; 1. Group B showed the mean cumulative tooth movement of $2.19{\pm}0.41mm$ at 15th day, which was greatest among three groups, followed by group C($2.06{\pm}0.10mm$), group A($1.90{\pm}0.49mm$) respectively. however, there was no statistically difference among three groups. 2. All groups showed general tooth movement pattern and A, B, C group finished lag phase at 9th, 8th, 7th day, but there was no statistical significance. 3. Group A,B,C showed root resorption and especially group B showed the most severe root resorption and group C showed milder root resorption than other groups. According to the above results, large initial force with the development of a flirty widespread hyalinized zone may cause severe root resorption, so initial force should be applied lightly to reduce hyalinized area and eventually root resorption and then increased force will induce efficient tooth movement.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.296-306
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of dexamethasone and osteogenic protein-1(BMP-7) on bone, cementum and periodontal tissue regeneration. A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley white female mice were selected and beta-APN was used for five days to extract the maxillary first molar a traumatically. After the extraction of the teeth, the mesiobuccal root canal was filled with Caviton$^{\circledR}$. The teeth were etched with citric acid for 1 min and coated with one of four different experimental solutions : DEX(500nM/ml), DEX(1000nM/ml), OP-1(100$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) and OP-1(500$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) for three minutes depending on the group. All teeth were then replanted under microscope. All replantation procedures were done within 30 minutes. Teeth that were replanted after 30 minutes of bench dry only was used as positive control. All animals were sacrificed at 3 weeks following replantation and histologic observtion was done. The results were as follows ; 1. Active root resorption rate was decreased by the order of OP-1(500$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), DEX(1000nM/ml), OP-1(100$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), and DEX(500nM/ml). There was statistically less root resorption in OP-1 (500$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) and DEX(1000nM/ml) group(P<0.05). 2. The group with higher concentration of dexamethasone(1000nM/ml) had statistically more bone union compared to positive control group(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences among four experimental groups. 3. OP-1(500$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) and DEX(1000nM/ml) groups showed less degree of inflammation compared to the OP-1(100$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml). DEX(500nM/ml), and positive control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the group with higher concentration of OP-1 had the best results on root resorption, bone ankylosis and anti-inflammatory effects compared to the other experimental groups, but a long-term study is also necessary to evaluate the exact pharmacological effects of the drugs in the future.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.62-71
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• 1990

This study was to evaluate the nature of traumatic injuries on anterior teeth of 530 patients and the prognosis of stabilized cases of 102 patients, including possible 18-follow up cases among them, treated at Dental Hospital, Yonsei Medical Center from Mar. 1983 to Feb. 1988. The obtained results were as follows. 1. The peak of monthly distribution of trauma to the anteriors was June and was the lowest in November. The ratio of male to female was 2.6 : 1. The most common incidence of the trauma to the anteriors was seen in the 3rd decades. The most chiefly involved teeth were central incisors in both upper and lower jaws. The causes of trauma were as followed in descending order by first blows, traffic accidents, falls, slip downs, and sports. The types of traumatic injuries of anterior teeth consisted of periodontal tissue injuries(55.9%), the injuries to the hard dental tissues and pulp(31.3%), and alveolar bone injuries(12.8%). 2. 35.1% stabilized anteriors were treated with root canal therapy. The success rate of stabilization was 95.3%, and 92.3% in replantation of avulsed teeth. 3. External root resorption, internal root resorption with calcification of pulp chamber or root canal, ankylosis of root, and other periapical pathosis were seen in follow-up radiographic findings. 4. Success rate of stabilization of the traumatized anteriors after 3 years showed 71.4% average.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.330-333
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• 2009

Alveolar bone resorption after extraction impairs the necessary bone volume and complicates the case for implant surgery and aesthetic implant prosthesis. Immediate implant surgery after extraction decreases the number of surgical procedures and the duration of treatment, while allowing minimum alveolar bone resorption and preserving the residual bone volume. Although immediate implant holds many advantages such as preservation of hard and soft tissue around the extraction socket, greater implant survival rate and higher patient satisfaction, various complications and high failure rate are discouraging factors for the clinicians. In this case report, severe alveolar bone resorption with soft tissue changes were predicted after the extraction of prolonged retained deciduous incisors and impacted maxillary canines and thus decided on immediate implant procedure. Immediate implant surgery after extraction was carried out with minimal bone reduction and tapered wide-neck implant to establish initial stability. Simultaneous bone graft was done by filling the defect area with iliac cancellous bone with additional onlay-type bone graft and absorbable membrane on the labial bone for upper lip support. A stable and esthetic result was obtained with shortened treatment period.