• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2014

Purpose : The aim was to compare the implant success rate according to membrane type through a clinical case of patients, who used bio-resorbable membrane and non-resorbable membrane. Methods : A survey was conducted targeting patients with the use of bio-resorbable membrane and non-resorbable membrane who visited H dental clinic in Busan for implant surgery and bone graft for 1 year from May 2010 to May 2011. A chart was made and surveyed for 100 people with non-resorbable membrane and for 75 people with bio-resorbable membrane. Results were compared. Results : 1. As for the measurement value of Periotest M${(R)}$, the value of -8~0 was measured with 92% in case of surgery by using non-resorbable membrane. The value of +1~+9 was measured with 8.0%. In case of surgery by using bio-resorbable membrane, Peiotest M(R) was measured with 78.7% as for the value of -8~0 and 16(21.3%) as for the value of +1~+9. In light of this, a case of using non-resorbable membrane was indicated to be higher(p=0.021) in success rate than a case of using bio-resorbable membrane. 2. As a result of periodontal conditions, namely, bleeding(p=0.914), swelling(p=0.500), inflammation(p=0.074), pain(p=0.571), and itch appearance(p=0.475) according to membrane type, all were insignificant. Conclusions : A case of using non-resorbable membrane is considered to be likely to be more effective than using bio-resorbable membrane during GBR(Guided Bone Regeneration) with the use of membrane in implant surgery.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.431-451
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• 1998

4 beagle dogs aged over one and half years and weighed 15 to 16 Kg were utilized in this study. Experimental dehiscent defects were made in the mandibular edentulous area after removal of lower premolar. e-PTFE membrane resorbable membrane, and PDGF-BB-loaded resorbable membrane were covered at the dehiscent defects around the dental implants respectively. Animal was sacrificed at 1, 2, 3 months respectively. Non-decalicifed specimens were made and mutiple-stained for light microscopic study. The results were as follows: 1. Dehiscent defects around the implant installed in the beagle dog were an excellent defect model for studying guided bone regeneration. 2. Fibroblasts penetrated into expanded-PTFE membrane was observed and inflammatory cell infiltration was also observed around the membrane. 3. Resorbable membrane was degradaded and resorbed at 1 month after application to the dehiscent defect. Though multinucleated giant cells were observed adjacent to the membrane, that had no reverse effect on the boe regeneration. 4. PDGF-BB-Ioaded resorbable membrane was same capability as the resorbable membrane and e-PTFE membrane in the guided bone regeneration. 5. PDGF-BB-Ioaded resorbable membrane-applied site was better than resorbable membrane-applied site in the speed and maturity of bone formation. Within the above results, it was suggested that PDGF-BB-Ioaded resorbable membrane might have same bone regeneration capacity as nonresorbable membrane in the dehisced implant of the beagle dog and potentiality to use in human subjects.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.475-488
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to evaluate histologically the resorption and tissue response of various resorbable collagen membranes used for guided tissue regeneration and guided bone regeneration, using a subcutaneous model on the dorsal surface of the rat. In this study, 10 Sprague-Dawley male rats (mean BW 150gm) were used and the commercially available materials included acellular dermal matrix allograft, porcine collagen membrane, freeze-dried bovine dura mater. Animals were sacrificed at 2,6 and 8 weeks after implantation of various resorbable collagen membranes. Specimens were prepared with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Resorption : Inner portion of porcine collagen membrane was resorbed a lot at 6 weeks, but its function was being kept for infiltration of another tissues were not observed. Freeze-dried bovine dura mater and acellular dermal allograft were rarely resorbed and kept their structure of outer portion for 8 weeks. 2. Inflammatory reactions : Inflammatory reaction was so mild and foreign body reaction didn't happen in all of resorbable collagen membranes, which showed their biocompatibility. 3. In all of resorbable collagen membranes, multinuclcated giant cells by foreign body reactions were not observed. Barrier membranes have to maintain their function for 4-6 weeks in guided tissue regeneration and at least 8 weeks in guided bone regeneration. According to present study, we can find all of the resorbable collagen membranes kept their function and structure for 8 weeks and were rarely resorbed. Foreign body reaction didn't happen and inflammatory reaction was so mild histologically. Therefore, all of collagen membranes used in this experiment were considered proper resorbable membranes for guided tissue regeneration and guided bone regeneration.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.323-335
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of dehiscence bone defect on peri-implant and to compare the difference between resorbable membrane and nonresorbable membrane in bone regeneration on peri-implant. Amomg the patients, 22 patientswho have recieved an implant surgery at the department of Periodontics in Dankook University Dental Hospital showed implant exposure due to the dehiscence defect and 27 implants of these 22 patients were the target of the treatment. $Gore-Tex^{(R)}$ and $Bio-mesh^{(R)}$ were applied to the patients and treated them with antibiotics for five days both preoperatively and postoperatively. Reentry period was 26 weeks on average in maxilla and 14 weeks on average in mandible. The results were as follows : 1. Dehiscence bone defect frequently appeared in premolar in mandible and anterior teeth in maxilla respectively. 2. Among 27 cases, 2 membrane exposures were observed and in these two cases, regenerated area was decreased. 3. In non-resorbable membrane, bone surface area $9.25{\pm}4.84$ preoperatively and significantly increased to $11.48{\pm}7.52$ postoperatively.(P<0.05) 4. In resorbable membrane, bone surface area was $14.80{\pm}8.25$ preoperatively and meaningfully widened to $17.61{\pm}10.67$ postoperatively.(P<0.05) 5 . The increase of bone surface area in non-resorbable membrane was $2.23{\pm}3.38$ and the increase of bone surface area in resorbable membrane was $2.80{\pm}3.00$ ;therefore, there was no significant difference between these two membranes(P<0.05). This study implies that the surgical method using DFDB and membrane on peri-implant bone defect is effective in bone regeneration regardless the kind of the membrane, and a similar result was shown when a resorbable membrane was used.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.557-564
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• 2000

The bone graft materials can be grossly divided into autogenous bone, allogenic bone, xenogenic bone, and alloplastic material. Much care was given to other bone graft materials away from autogenous bone due to its additional operation for harvesting, delayed resorption and limitation of quantity. Demineralized freeze-dried bone(DFDB) and hydroxyapatite are the representatives of bone graft materials. As resorbable hydroxyapatite is developed in these days, the disadvantage of nonresorbability can be overcome. So we planned to study on the strength and the bone formation at the rats calvarial defects of DFDB graft and those of the composite graft with DFDB and resorbable hydroxyapatite. We used the 16 male rats weighting range from 250 to 300 gram bred under the same environment during same period. After we made the 6mm diameter calvarial defect, we filled the DFDB in 8 rats and DFDB and resorbable hydroxyapatite in another 8 rats. We sacrificed them at the postoperative 1 month and 2 months with the periostium observed. As soon as the specimens were delivered, we measured the compressive forces to break the normal calvarial area and the newly formed bone in calvarial defect area using Instron(Model Autograph $S-2000^{(R)}$, Shimadzu, Japan). The rest of the specimens were stained with H&E(Hematoxylin & Eosin) and evaluated with the light microscope. So we got the following results. 1. In every rats, there was no significant difference between the measured forces of normal bone area and those of the bone graft area. 2. In 1 month, the measured forces at DFDB graft group were higher than those of the DFDB and resorbable hydroxyapatite composite graft group(P<0.05). 3. In 2 months, there was no significant differences between the measured forces of DFDB graft group and those of the DFDB and resorbable hydroxyapatite composite graft group. 4. In lightmicroscopic examination, most of the grafted DFDB were transformed into bone in 1 month and a large numbers of hydroxyapatite crystal were observed in DFDB and resorbable hydroxyapatite composite graft group in 1 month. 5. Both group showed no inflammatory reaction in 1 month. And hydroxyapatite crystals had a tight junction without soft tissue invagination when consolidated with newly formed bone. 6. In both groups, newly formed bone showed the partial bone remodeling and the lamellar bone structures and some of reversal lines were observed in 2 months. From the above results, it is suggested that DFDB and resorbable hydroxyapatite composite graft group had a better resistance to compressive force in early stage than DFDB graft group, but there would be no significant difference between two groups after some period. And it is suggested that the early stage of bone formation procedure of DFDB and resorbable hydroxyapatite composite graft group was slight slower than that of DFDB graft group, but there would be no significant difference between two groups after some period.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.275-279
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• 2010

Introduction: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a common procedure for the treatment of bone defects and bone augmentation. The nonresorbable barriers are well-documented barriers for GBR because of their stability and malleability. However, few GBR studies have focused on the different types of non-resorbable barriers. Therefore, this study examined the clinical results of different non-resorbable barriers for GBR; expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) (TR-Gore Tex, Flagstaff, AZ, USA), and high-density polytetrafluoroethylene (d-PTFE) (Cytoplast membrane, Oraltronics, Bremen, Germany). Materials and Methods: The analysis was performed on patients treated with GBR and implant placement from January 2007 to October 2007 in the department of the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups based on the type of non-resorbable barrier used, and the amount of bone regeneration, marginal bone resorption after prosthetics, implant survival rate and surgical complication in both groups were evaluated. Results: The implants in both groups showed high survival rates, and the implant-supported prostheses functioned stably during the follow-up period. During the second surgery of the implant, all horizontal defects were filled with new bone, and there was no significant difference in the amount of vertical bone defect. Conclusion: In bone defect areas, GBR with non-resorbable barriers can produce favorable results with adequate postoperative management. There was no significant difference in bone regeneration between e-PTFE and d-PTFE.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.285-290
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• 2014

Objectives: We compared resorbable plates with titanium plates for treatment of combined mandibular angle and symphyseal fractures. Materials and Methods: Patients with mandibular angle and symphysis fractures were divided into two groups. The control (T) group received titanium plates while the experimental (R) group received resorbable plates. All procedures were carried out under general anesthesia using standard surgical techniques. We compared the frequency of wound dehiscence, development of infection, malocclusion, malunion, screw breakage, and any other technical difficulties between the two groups. Results: Thirteen patients were included in the R group, where 39 resorbable plates were applied. The T group consisted of 16 patients who received 48 titanium plates. The mean age in the R and T groups was 28.29 and 24.23 years, respectively. Primary healing of the fractured mandible was obtained in all patients in both groups. Postoperative complications were minor and transient. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the rates of various complications between the two groups. Breakage of 3 screws during the perioperative period was seen in the R group, while no screws or plates were broken in the T group. Conclusion: Resorbable plates can be used to stabilize combined mandibular angle and symphysis fractures.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of resorbable plate in the healing process of mandibular fracture. Reduction and rigid fixation was carried out on the artificial mandibular fracture site of the rabbits, using a resorbable screw, 1.5mm in diameter and 4.0mm in length, and an absorbable plate 1.5mm in thickness(Lactosorb$^{(R)}$). En block tissue specimens with plate were taken from the rabbits at 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks intervals and specimen were observed with light microscope under the hematoxylin-eosin staining, to observe the inflammatory reaction and tissue healing process. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. The subject displayed good healing with no signs of detachment of the fixation plate. 2. At 4 weeks, the plate was covered by the connective tissue. Then at 6 weeks, bone regeneration was discovered around the plate. 3. During the period of healing, no inflammatory reaction or foreign body reaction, as a result of using resorbable plate, were observed. 4. At 8 weeks, the initial phase of the absorption of the plate was observed. Then at 10 weeks, macrophage were observed around the plate, indicating the absorption phase was in process. From the above results, it can be determined that when the resorbable plate is applied to rabbit, full recuperation occurs naturally in the absence of inflammatory reaction and foreign body reaction. The selected study is clinically valuable in proving this procedure.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.264-269
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• 2018

Background: Orbital resorbable mesh plates are adequate to use for isolated floor and medial wall fractures with an intact bony buttress, but are not recommended to use for large orbital wall fractures that need load bearing support. The author previously reported an orbital wall restoring surgery that restored the orbital floor to its prior position through the transnasal approach and maintained temporary extraorbital support with a balloon in the maxillary sinus. Extraorbital support could reduce the load applied on the orbital implants in orbital wall restoring surgery and the use of resorbable implants was considered appropriate for the author's orbital wall restoring technique. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of 31 patients with pure unilateral orbital floor fractures between May 2014 and May 2018. The patients underwent transnasal restoration of the orbital floor through insertion of a resorbable mesh plate and maintenance of temporary balloon support. The surgical results were evaluated by the Hertel scale and a comparison of preoperative and postoperative orbital volume ratio (OVR) values. Results: The OVR decreased significantly, by an average of 6.01% (p<0.05) and the preoperative and postoperative Hertel scale measurements decreased by an average of 0.34 mm with statistical significance (p<0.05). No complications such as buckling or sagging of the implant occurred among the 31 patients. Conclusion: The use of resorbable mesh plate in orbital floor restoration surgery is an effective and safe technique that can reduce implant deformation or complications deriving from the residual permanent implant.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.757-779
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• 2000

The aim of our study is to achieve complete periodontal tissue regeneration by the application of BMP and resorbable membrane. Three beagle dogs aged over one and half years and weighed 14 to 16 kg were used in this study. Mandibular 1st, 2nd premolars were extracted bilaterally. Horizontal furcation defects were induced around 3rd, 4th premolars bilaterally. BMP-4 were applied in the right side with resorbable membranes and only resorbable membranes were applied in the left side respectively. Each animal was sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8weeks, after regenerative surgery. Specimens were prepared with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain and Goldner's modified Masson Trichrome stain for light microscopic evaluation. The results were as follows: 1. At 2 weeks after regenerative surgery, downgrowth of junctional epithelium was observed both in the membraneapplied site and BMP-4-and-membrane-applied site. 2. At 4 weeks after regenerative surgery, resorbable membranes were completely resolved, therefore would not prevent downgrowth of junctional epithelium. New bone formation, new cementum formation and Sharpey's fiber were observed in BMP-4-andmembrane-applied site. 3. At 8 weeks after regenerative surgery, downgrowth of junctional epithelium was observed in the membrane-applied site. But, new cementum formation was observed in the same site. The extensive regeneration of new bone, new cementum and remarkable formation of Shapey's fiber were showed in BMP-4-and-membrane-applied site. 4. Resorbable membranes were resolved via the cell-mediated processes. 5. Periodontal tissue regeneration were better achieved in the BMP-4-andmembrane-applied site than in the membrane-applied site. Within the above results, BMP-4 may have the strong capability to form the new bone and resorbable membrane may be able to prevent the bony ankylosis. However, resolution rate of resorbable membrane may not be enough to protect rapid epithelial downgrowth for ideal periodontal regeneration. In conclusion, I suggest BMP-4 may have the strong possibility to be utilized in the clinical periodontal treat-