• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2024

In this study, we prepared fractions from Cynanchum paniculatum (C. paniculatum) with ethyl acetate and identified the structure and content of paeonol, an indicator substance. Fractions were obtained by sequential solvent fractions using n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and distilled water, and showed the highest paeonol content in ethyl acetate (EtOAc). The structure of the ethyl acetate fraction (EA) was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The antioxidant activity of EA was tested through its ability to scavenge 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and its ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was tested for its ability to inhibit NO production in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, MMP-1 production induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner by the EA, and the ability to produce procollagen type-I was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, as a result of conducting clinical trials using cosmetic formulations containing EA, the effect of improving wrinkles around the eyes was confirmed. Thus, it is expected that Cynanchum paniculatum can be used as a natural functional cosmetic material with antioxidant and anti-aging effects.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.133-143
• /
• 2014

Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features associated with re-excision due to the presence of a positive margin after breast conserving therapy (BCT) in breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 286 consecutive breast cancer patients who received BCT between January 2006 and December 2007. Among 246 patients who had undergone BCT, 38 (15.4%) underwent immediate further surgery due to positive margin status. We analyzed the MRI findings using ${\chi}^2$ test, Fisher's exact test and t tests. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted for prediction of re-excision. Results: Tumor size (p < 0.001), lesion multiplicity (p = 0.003), and non-mass-like enhancement (NMLE) type on MRI (p < 0.001) were associated with margin involvement in BCT. On preoperative MRI, larger size (${\geq}5cm$) (odds ratio = 2.96), NMLE (odds ratio = 3.81), and multifocal lesions (odds ratio = 2.54) were positively associated with re-excision. In cases involving NMLE, segmental distribution was associated with a greater likelihood of immediate re-excision. Conclusion: Larger size, multiplicity, and NMLE on MRI are significantly associated with re-excision after BCT in breast cancer patients. For NMLE lesions, the segmental distribution pattern was predictive of re-excision.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.40-48
• /
• 2008

Purpose : We sought to determine the early change of ventricular geometry and function after concomitant surgeries of modified Dor procedure and mitral valve annuloplasty by using magnetic resonance imaging. Materials and Methods : We enrolled 21 patients with dilated heart failure who underwent modified Dor procedure (n=8), mitral valve annuloplasty (n=6), or both surgeries (n=7). Cine MRI was used to assess left ventricular dimensions and function before and after surgery. We measured the left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes and the dimensions of the left ventricular long-axis and short-axis. Left ventricular stroke volume, ejection fraction, and sphericity index were calculated from these measurements. These parameters were analyzed and compared between three different surgery groups to explain the combined effect of the concomitant surgeries. Results : MRI was performed within average $12\;{\pm}\;15$ days (range 1-58 days) before and $38\;{\pm}\;50$ days (range 7- 231 days) after the surgery. The patients who underwent concomitant surgeries had more profound enlargement of left ventricle and decreased contractility prior to surgery than those in the patients who underwent single surgical procedure. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume and endsystolic volume significantly decreased in all patients regardless of surgery type after surgery. Ejection fraction significantly increased only in the patients who got modified Dor procedure without mitral valve annuloplasty (25.4% to 40.7%). Sphericity index increased in patients with modified Dor procedure but decreased in patients with mitral valve annuloplasty (0.65 to 0.78 vs. 0.75 to 0.65). In the patients who underwent concomitant surgeries showed no significant change in sphericity index after surgery. Conclusion : The early change of the left ventricular geometry and function after the concomitant surgeries with modified Dor procedure and mitral valve annuloplasty in patients with dilated heart failure includes a marked reduction in left ventricular volume and in stroke volume. The shape of the left ventricle does not change because the effect of sphericity index decrease from mitral valve annuloplasty is counteracted by the effect of sphericity index increase from modified Dor procedure. Improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction is not the early change after the concomitant surgeries.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2008

This study was carried out to measure and analyze the vibration levels and modes produced by a hopper type feeder used at laying hen farms, to prevent the vibration resonance and to reduce the vibration of the hopper type feeder (6-tier). The most vibration in a layer house were produced by hopper type feeder as shown the previous study. According to the measurement results, the ratio of transmissibility was as high as 100-638% for natural frequency of 170 Hz or less. And vibration simulations were taken by the results of vibration mode analysis and the weakest points to vibrations were determined accordingly. Then measurement and analysis were taken for those points. The quantities of vibration were 4.6354-4.9118 g($g=9.81^m/s^2$) by axis. In this study, it was found that hopper type feeder generated vibration as much as to influence the ratio of laying eggs of layer. And by the analysis of vibration on the weakest points, design methods and equipment were suggested for isolating/reducing of vibration by each axis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 2013

There exist various types of the WEC (Wave Energy Converter), and among them, the point absorber is the most popularly investigated type. However, it is difficult to find examples of systematically measured data analysis for the design of the point absorber type of power buoy in the world. The study investigates the wave load acting on the point absorber type resonance power buoy wave energy extraction system proposed by Kweon et al. (2010). This study analyzes the time series spectra with respect to the three-year wave data (2002.05.01~2005.03.29) measured using the pressure type wave gage at the seaside of north breakwater of Hupo harbor located in the east coast of the Korean peninsula. From the analysis results, it could be deduced that monthly wave period and wave height variations were apparent and that monthly wave powers were unevenly distributed annually. The average wave steepness of the usual wave was 0.01, lower than that of the wind wave range of 0.02-0.04. The mode of the average wave period has the value of 5.31 sec, while mode of the wave height of the applicable period has the value of 0.29 m. The occurrence probability of the peak period is a bi-modal type, with a mode value between 4.47 sec and 6.78 sec. The design wave period can be selected from the above four values of 0.01, 5.31, 4.47, 6.78. About 95% of measured wave heights are below 1 m. Through this study, it was found that a resonance power buoy system is necessary in coastal areas with low wave energy and that the optimal design for overcoming the uneven monthly distribution of wave power is a major task in the development of a WEF (Wave Energy Farm). Finding it impossible to express the average spectrum of the usual wave in terms of the standard spectrum equation, this study proposes a new spectrum equation with three parameters, with which basic data for the prediction of the power production using wave power buoy and the fatigue analysis of the system can be given.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.42-51
• /
• 2000

Purpose: Projection-type Fast Spin Echo (PFSE) imaging is robust to patient motion or flow related artifact compared to conventional Fast Spin Echo (FSE) imaging, however, it has difficulty in controlling $T_2$ contrast. In this paper, Tz contrast in the PFSE method is analyzed and compared with those of the FSE method with various effective echo times by computer simulation. The contrasts in the FSE and PFSE methods are also compared by experiments with volunteers. From the analysis and simulation, it is shown that ${T_2}-weighted$ images can well be obtained by the PFSE method proposed. Materials and methods: Pulse sequence for the PFSE method is implemented at a 1.0 Tesla whole body MRI system and $T_2$ contrasts in the PFSE and FSE methods are analyzed by computer simulation and experiment with volunteers. For the simulation, a mathematical phantom composed of various $T_2$ values is devised and $T_2$ contrast in the reconstructed image by the PFSE is compared to those by the FSE method with various effective echo times. Multi-slice ${T_2}-weighted$ head images of the volunteers obtained by the PFSE method are also shown in comparison with those by the FSE method at a 1.0 Tesla whole body MRI system. Results: From the analysis, $T_2$ contrast by the PFSE method appears similar to those by the FSE method with the effective echo time in a range of SO-lOOms. Using a mathematical phantom, contrast in the PFSE image appears close to that by the FSE method with the effective echo time of 96ms. From experiment with volunteers, multi-slice $T_2-weighted$ images are obtained by the PFSE method having contrast similar to that of the FSE method with the effective echo time of 96ms. Reconstructed images by the PFSE method show less motion related artifact compared to those by the FSE method. Conclusion: The projection-type FSE imaging acquires multiple radial lines with different angles in polar coordinate in k space using multiple spin echoes. The PFSE method is robust to patient motion or flow, however, it has difficulty in controlling $T_2$ contrast compared to the FSE method. In this paper, it is shown that the PFSE method provides good $T_2$ contrast (${T_2}-weighted$ images) similar to the FSE method by both computer simulation and experiments with volunteers.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.135-140
• /
• 2013

We report a case of recurrent shoulder dislocation and combined proximal humerus fracture in neurofibromatosis type I. A twenty-year-old male patient with known neurofibromatosis type I presented with right shoulder dislocation and proximal humerus fracture following a minor trauma. His injured arm also had large plexiform neurofibromas on the elbow, and the dislocation of the shoulder joint was proven to be recurrent. Bony deformation of the humerus and scapula were revealed on X-ray and computed tomography, as well as multiple neurofibromatic changes of the deltoid and periscapular muscles were noted on magnetic resonance imaging. Open reduction and capsular reconstruction were performed and humeral fracture was stabilized with a reconstruction plate. Satisfactory union and functional result were achieved and the dislocation did not recur until the 7-month followup after the procedure. Recurrent shoulder dislocation and combined proximal humerus fracture in neurofibromatosis type I are rare complications. However, it should still be considered in the orthopaedic evaluation process of the diseases.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.146-151
• /
• 2008

In this study, batch or semi-continuous reactions, introducing site-specific carboxylic acids in ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan structures, were performed to increase water solubility and gel forming ability, using TEMPO/hypobromite with or without NaBr as catalysts. Regio-selective carboxylic acid formations were determined with infrared (IR) and $^{13}C$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses. The regio-selective reactions with and without NaBr gave oxidation yields of 92.5 and 85.6%, respectively, in the batch type, and yields of 93.9 and 86.4%, respectively, in the semi-continuous type. The reaction times in the batch and semi-continuous reactions without NaBr were delayed by 100 and 150%, respectively, as compared to those with NaBr. A combination of IR and $^{13}C$ NMR analyses were used to confirm the formation of carboxylic acids in ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan. From the batch reactions with and without NaBr, the water solubilities of oxidized products were 50.0 and 55.6%, respectively, and in the semi-continuous reactions they were 52.6 and 53.5%, respectively; while the water solubility of the native ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan was less than 1.0%. Finally, as compared to the native ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan, the gel forming ability of the reaction products was greatly increased irrespective of the presence of NaBr or the reaction type.

• Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.200-203
• /
• 2017

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorders which disrupt the afferent and efferent pathways of the cerebellum that cause cerebellar ataxia. Spectrin beta non-erythrocytic 2 (SPTBN2) gene encodes the ${\beta}-III$ spectrin protein with high expression in Purkinje cells that is involved in excitatory glutamate signaling through stabilization of the glutamate transporter, and its mutation is known to cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 5. Three years and 5 months old boy with delayed development showed leukodystrophy and cerebellar atrophy in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Diagnostic exome sequencing revealed that the patient has heterozygous mutation in SPTBN2 (p.Glu1251Gln) which is a causative genetic mutation for spinocerebellar ataxia type 5. With the patient's clinical findings, it seems reasonable to conclude that p.Glu1251Gln mutation of SPTBN2 gene caused spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 in this patient.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.85 no.1
• /
• pp.147-160
• /
• 2024

Purpose To define an MRI scoring system for differentiating xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) from wall-thickening type gallbladder cancer (GBC) and compare the diagnostic performance of the scoring system with the visual assessment of radiologists. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed 23 and 35 patients who underwent abdominal MRI and were pathologically diagnosed with XGC and wall-thickening-type GBC after surgery, respectively. Three radiologists reviewed all MRI findings. We defined a scoring system using these MRI findings for differentiating XGC from wall-thickening type GBC and compared the area under the curve (AUC) of the scoring system with the visual assessment of radiologists. Results Nine MRI findings showed significant differences in differentiating the two diseases: diffuse gallbladder wall thickening (p < 0.001), mucosal uniformity (p = 0.002), intramural T2-high signal intensity (p < 0.001), mucosal retraction (p = 0.016), gallbladder stones (p < 0.001), T1-intermediate to high-signal intensity (p = 0.033), diffusion restriction (p = 0.005), enhancement pattern (p < 0.001), and phase of peak enhancement (p = 0.008). The MRI scoring system showed excellent diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.972, which was significantly higher than the visual assessment of the reviewers. Conclusion The MRI scoring system showed better diagnostic performance than the visual assessment of radiologists to differentiate XGC from wall-thickening-type GBC.