• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.280-286
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• 2005

장기적인 관점에서 띠 산화탄소 지중처리는 대기 중의 온실 가스를 제거하는 가장 효과적인 방법 중 하나이다. 본 해설에서는, 이산화탄소 지존처리를 위한 세 가지 모니터링 프로젝트에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 먼저 북해 Sleipner West 필드의 경우로, 여기에서는 염류대수층에 이산화탄소를 주입하고, 해수면에서 반복적으로 탄성파탐사를 실시하였다. 이를 통해, 대수층 내에서 이산화탄소 기포가 확산된 범위와 형태를 파악하였다. 다음은 Weyburn 유전의 경우로, 복잡한 파쇄 구조로 된 탄산염 저류층에 대규모의 이산화탄소를 주입하고 있던 이 유전에서 시간 경과에 따른 고해상도 P파 탐사를 실시하여 각기 다른 암석으로 이루어진 두 지층 사이의 이산화탄소 거동특성을 파악하였다. 마지막으로, 미국 캘리포니아 중부에 위치한 Lost Hills 유전의 경우는 시간 경과에 따라 시추공간 전자탐사 영상화 기법을 적용하여 동일한 시추공에서 얻은 유도 검층 자료와 잘 일치하는 전기전도도 영상을 얻고, 전기전도도가 시간 경과에 따라 감소하는 것으로부터 이산화탄소가 염수를 대체했다는 사실을 확인하였다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.53-69
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• 2011

하구의 체계적인 관리를 위해서는 하구의 특성과 분포를 반영한 분류가 먼저 이루어져야 한다. 이 연구에서는 지리정보시스템, 고해상도 항공사진 및 지형도 등을 사용하여 우리나라의 463개 하구의 특성과 분포를 파악하였고, 이들 하구의 하구순환 유지 여부, 지형적 특성, 자연서식지 특성, 이용개발 특성에 기초하여 유형을 분류하였다. 하구 순환이 이루어지는 235개의 '열린하구'는 지형적 특성에 따라 '산지/절벽형', '사취형' 및 '깔대기형'으로 구분하였으며, 각 유형에 속하는 하구는 각각 41, 87, 107개로 분류되었다. 구분된 각 하구는 다시 자연서식지 특성과 이용 개발 특성에 따라 3가지 유형으로 세분하여, 열린하구는 총 9개의 유형으로 구분하였다. 하구순환이 차단된 228개의 '닫힌하구'는 차단 형태에 따라 '직접차단'과 '하구호' 형성에 의한 간접차단으로 구분하였다. 직접차단 형태의 하구를 다시 자연서식지 및 이용개발 특성에 따라 3가지 유형으로 세분하였으며 각 유형에 속하는 하구는 각각 25, 64, 55개로 분류되었다. 간접차단 하구는 84개가 파악되었으나 세분하지 않아 닫힌하구는 총 4개의 유형으로 구분되었다. 이 유형분류 체계는 하구의 지형적 특성, 자연서식지의 현황 및 토지이용 특성을 모두 반영하고 있어 국가 차원의 하구관리에 있어서 우선순위를 결정하고 관리방향을 설정하는데 효과적으로 활용할 수 있다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권39호
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• pp.5-46
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• 2016

North Korea's 4th nuclear test on Jan. 6 and following developments once again awakened the world into seriousness of the nuclear matters on the Korean peninsula. On March 2, UNSC adopted Resolution 2270 which is complemented by Seoul government's measures such as withdrawal from the Gaesung Industrial Complex (Feb. 9) and announcement of unilateral sanction (March 8). Seoul government also strongly urged the international community to strangle North Korea's 'financial resources.' The U.S., Japan, China, and other countries have issued unilateral sanctions to complement the UNSC measure. South Korea and the U.S. conducted their annual joint military drill (Resolve-Foal Eagle) in the largest-ever scale. North Korea, however, responded with demonstration of its nuclear capabilities and announcement of de facto 'nuclear-first' politics. North Korea test-fired a variety of delivery vehicles, threatened nuclear strikes against South Korea and the U.S., and declared itself as an 'invincible nuclear power armed with hydrogen bombs' at the 7th Workers 'Party Congress held in May, 2016. Considering the circumstantial evidences, the North's 4th nuclear test may have been a successful boosted fission bomb test. North Korea, and, if allowed to go on with its nuclear programs, will become a nuclear power armed with more than 50 nuclear weapons including hydrogen bombs. The North is already conducting nuclear blackmail strategy towards South Korea, and must be developing 'nuclear use' strategies. Accordingly, the most pressing challenge for the international community is to bring the North to 'real dialogue for denuclearization through powerful and consistent sanctions. Of course, China's cooperation is the key to success. In this situation, South Korea has urgent challenges on diplomacy and security fronts. A diplomatic challenge is how to lead China, which had shown dual attitudes between 'pressure and connivance' towards the North's nuclear matters pursuant to its military relations with the U.S, to participate in the sanctions consistently. A military one is how to offset the 'nuclear shadow effects' engendered by the North's nuclear blackmail and prevent its purposeful and non-purposeful use of nuclear weapons. Though South Korea's Ministry of Defense is currently spending a large portion of defense finance on preemption (kill-chain) and missile defense, they pose 'high cost and low efficiency' problems. For a 'low cost and high efficiency' of deterrence, South Korea needs to switch to a 'retaliation-centered' deterrence strategy. Though South Korea's response to the North's nuclear threat can theoretically be boiled down into dialogue, sanction and deterrence, now is the time to concentrate on strong sanction and determined deterrence since they are an inevitable mandatory course to destroy the North' nuclear-first delusion and bring it to a 'real denuclearization dialogue.'

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.63-74
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• 1998

The purposes of this study are to show in interpersonal relations what factors male students are stressed from, how they experience stress, how they cope With it in each situation, and what this results in It attempt to gam basic materials to promote male student health and positive coping methods, The subject of this study was 15 male students of C University located in Seoul and Kyeonggui-Do They were composed of 5 sophomores, 5 Juniors and 5 seniors The period for collecting materials was October 1997 to January 1998, and the interview time ranged from 50 minutes to two hours The interview frequency was one to three times as occasion demanded, The materials were analyzed by the methods and theory suggested by Strauss & Corbin (1990) The results were 130 categories grouped into 33 divisions by similarity Finally, they were united into 9 higher categories In interpersonal relations the core category of male student stress is "affliction", and it follows the course of generation-coping-resolution The types showed in the course of material analysis are as follows, (1) When the subject student is on good terms with the other and the stress is repeated- "affliction" is strong and continuous-and his ability sense is strong, he copes with "affliction" With his own will and solves It affirmatively, (2) When the subject student is on good terms with the other and the stress is repeated-so "affliction" is strong and continuous-and his ability sense is weak, he copes with "affliction" with an emotional bias and solves it negatively (3) When the subject student is on good terms with the other and the stress is temporary-"affliction" is strong and temporary-and his ability sense is strong, he copes with "affliction" with his own will and solves it affirmatively (4) When the subject student becomes estranged from the other and the stress is temporary-"affliction" is weak and temporary-and his ability sense is weak, he copes with "affliction" with an emotional bias and solves it negatively, (5) When the subject student becomes estranged from the other and the stress is repeated-"affliction" is strong-and continuous and his ability sense is strong, he copes with "affliction" with his own will and solves it affirmatively (6) When the subject student becomes estranged from the other and the stress is repeated-"affliction" is strong and continuous-and his ability sense is weak, he copes with "affliction" with an emotional bias and solves it negatively. According to the above results, the conditions of cause and effect for male students to generate "affliction" should be understood in order to help cope with stress caused by interpersonal relations A program for education and counseling should be developed for male students to strengthen their 'ability sense' in choosing coping strategies In addition, the individual estimation for ability sense should be performed when education and counseling them.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.29-47
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• 2007

Owing to the rapid growth of using the Internet, not only click-and-mortar companies but also brick-and-mortar ones have been expanding their distribution channels into online, Moreover, since online channels are more attractive than offline ones in control and maintenance, switching customers into online ones is emerged as one of very important managerial issues in a view of reduction of cost as well as expansion of services. However, the switched customers should be faced by uncertainties which could not have been experienced in offline. Specifically, in online channels, buyers and sellers are separated temporally and spacially and there are always so many kinds of threat for security as well as not enough systems and conventions for them yet. Therefore, trust has been considered as one of the most critical mechanisms for resolution of such uncertainties in online transactions. However, it is not easy to build and maintain the relationships in online since most of them are virtual and indirect generally. Therefore, in order to switch offline customers into online ones, it is very important to make strategies based on identification of the relationship between online transaction and offline trust which has been built in offline business. Generally offline trust, which has been built independent of online, could not include trust for online-dependent activities such as payment security during or after transactions, while most of online trust include it. Therefore, a customer with high offline trust does not always perceive high security and assure safe transactions. Accordingly, while online trust, where technical capabilities for online security is one of main bases, includes control trust implicitly or explicitly, offline trust does not. However. in spite of such clear discrimination and independence between offline trust and perceived security, there can be the significant dependency between these two beliefs. The customers with high offline trust believe that the company would do some activities for online security for customers' safe transactions since it has been believed of doing well for customers' trust. Theoretically, users' perception of security is interpreted as a kind of control trus, which is trust for company's technical control capacities in order to resolve technical uncertainties in online. Therefore, the relationship between two beliefs can be considered as transference from offline trust to another type trust. that is, control trust. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of offline trust on online transaction uses mediated by perceived security. For this purpose, we suggest a research model based on technology acceptance model (TAM). Reuse intention is adopted as a dependent variable and TAM is modified by adding perceived risk (PR) as well as two beliefs of using Internet banking, perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU). Moreover, perceive security (PS) is adopted as an external variable for PR and PU, while offline trust (OT) is an antecedent of PS. For an empirical test, sampling from 108 visitors to the banks in Daegu, Korea, we analyze our model by partial least square (PLS) approach. In result, our model is shown to explain 51.4% of the variance in reuse intention and all hypothesis are supported statistically. A theoretical implication of this study is to identify a role of PS between offline trust and reuse intention of using online transaction services. According to our result, PS can be considered as a mediation variable for bridging between two different concepts: trust that explains social aspects of customers and companies, and TAM that explains customers' reuse intention.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제51권12호
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• pp.150-159
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• 2014

최신 영상 압축 표준 방식인 HEVC는 H.264/AVC에 비해 압축 효율을 크게 개선시킬 수 있지만, 부호화기 복잡도 또한 크게 증가한다. 특히 비정수 정밀도 움직임 보상에 사용되는 보간 필터의 길이가 종래 6-tap에서 8-tap으로 증가함으로 인해, 비정수 정밀도 움직임 추정에 많은 연산량이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 HEVC의 비정수 움직임 추정 과정에 대한 압축 효율 기여도 및 복잡도를 분석하고, 이로부터 부호화기의 복잡도를 효과적으로 감소시키기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 먼저, 움직임 추정과 움직임 보상에 사용되는 보간 필터를 분리하고, 움직임 추정만을 위한 최적 필터 길이를 찾는다. 또한 최적 비정수 움직임 벡터를 찾기 위한 탐색 과정에서 특정 조건을 만족하는 일부 후보들만을 검사하고, 꼭 필요한 보간 과정만을 수행하도록 함으로써 부호화 복잡도를 감소시킨다. 실험 결과, 제안한 방법을 사용하면 평균 압축 성능 하락 폭 0.7%, 1.5%, 2.5%에서 부호화기 복잡도를 각각 13.6%, 18.5%, 21.1% 감소시킬 수 있었다. 또한 고해상도 영상($1920{\times}1080$)의 경우 압축 성능 하락 폭이 0.4%, 1.1%, 1.6%로 감소함으로써 제안한 방법이 고해상도 영상에 더욱 효과적임을 보였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.399-403
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• 2005

우리나라는 콕시디오이데스 진균증의 유행지역이 아니기 때문에 유행지역에 대한 해외여행자나 이민거주자가 아니면 임상적으로 의심하기가 쉽지 않다. 저자들은 해외여행력과 이민거주자가 아닌 내국인으로 당뇨와 의인성 쿠싱 증후군을 오랫동안 간과해 왔던 상태에서 일광화상 후 생긴 피부상처 치료도중 우연히 파종성 콕시디오이데스 진균증을 진단하게 되었기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제51권7호
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• pp.565-574
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• 2018

아시아 지역의 인구증가와 하천주변 및 삼각주 평야 저지대의 인구밀도 집중으로 인해 우기 시 아시아의 많은 지역에서 홍수로 인한 대규모 인명 및 재산 피해가 발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 NOAA에서 제공하는 1992년부터 2003년까지의 나이트라이트 위성영상자료를 수집하여 인명 및 재산피해 정보와의 상호 공간분석을 통해 메콩강 유역의 홍수피해에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 인명 및 재산피해 자료는 EM-DAT에서 제공하는 지역 공간분포자료를 활용하였으며, 메콩강 주하천 격자로 부터 모든 임의 격자의 떨어진 거리를 계산하여 해당 격자에서의 나이트라이트 강도와 인명 및 재산피해와의 상관분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 나이트라이트 강도가 클수록 홍수피해가 큰 것으로 분석되었으며, 특히, 하천으로부터 가까운 거리에서 나이트라이트 강도가 높게 나타났다. 이는 높은 나이트라이트 강도를 갖는 격자, 즉 인구밀집도가 상대적으로 높은 격자가 메콩강 하천주변으로 분포되어 있으며, 홍수피해와 양의 상관관계를 갖고 있음을 의미한다. 이와 같이 나이트라이트 위성영상정보는 에너지소비, 재해 등 다양한 공간분석을 통해 사회경제적 영향성 평가를 위한 대리변수로 사용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.91-91
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• 2013

Imagine a world where we could biomanufacture hybrid nanomaterials having atomic-scale resolution over functionality and architecture. Toward this vision, a fundamental challenge in materials science is how to design and synthesize protein-like material that can be fully self-assembled and exhibit information-specific process. In an ongoing effort to extend the fundamental understanding of protein structure to non-natural systems, we have designed a class of short peptides to fold like proteins and assemble into defined nanostructures. In this talk, I will talk about new strategies to drive the self-assembled structures designing sequence of peptide. I will also discuss about the specific interaction between proteins and inorganics that can be used for the development of new hybrid solar energy devices. Splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen is one of the promising pathways for solar to energy convertsion and storage system. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has been regarded as a major bottleneck in the overall water splitting process due to the slow transfer rate of four electrons and the high activation energy barrier for O-O bond formation. In nature, there is a water oxidation complex (WOC) in photosystem II (PSII) comprised of the earthabundant elements Mn and Ca. The WOC in photosystem II, in the form of a cubical CaMn4O5 cluster, efficiently catalyzes water oxidation under neutral conditions with extremely low overpotential (~160 mV) and a high TOF number. The cluster is stabilized by a surrounding redox-active peptide ligand, and undergo successive changes in oxidation state by PCET (proton-coupled electron transfer) reaction with the peptide ligand. It is fundamental challenge to achieve a level of structural complexity and functionality that rivals that seen in the cubane Mn4CaO5 cluster and surrounding peptide in nature. In this presentation, I will present a new strategy to mimic the natural photosystem. The approach is based on the atomically defined assembly based on the short redox-active peptide sequences. Additionally, I will show a newly identified manganese based compound that is very close to manganese clusters in photosystem II.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2015

토지피복지도는 환경, 군사, 의사결정 등 다양한 분야에서 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 단일 위성영상과 환경부에서 제공하는 국가토지피복도를 이용하여 훈련자료를 자동으로 추출하고, 이를 활용하여 피복을 분류하는 방법을 제안하였다. 이를 위하여 초기 훈련자료는 무감독분류인 ISODATA와 기존 토지피복도를 이용하였으며, 무감독 분류 사용시 각 클래스별 분류 선정과 클래스 명명, 감독분류에서 훈련자료 선정 등의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 기존 토지피복도의 클래스 정보를 활용하여 자동으로 클래스를 분류하고 명명하였다. 추출된 초기 훈련자료는 대상 위성영상의 토지피복분류를 위하여 MLC의 훈련자료를 활용하였고, 피복분류의 정확도 향상을 위하여 반복방법을 적용하여 훈련자료를 갱신하였으며 최종적으로 토지피복지도를 추출하였다. 또한, 화소분류방법에서 발생하는 salt and pepper를 감소시키기 위하여 각 반복단계별 MRF를 적용하여 분류정확도를 향상시켰다. 본 연구에서 제안된 방법을 대상지역에 적용한 결과 효과적으로 토지피복지도를 생성할 수 있음을 정량적, 시각적으로 확인하였다.