• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.28-39
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• 1991

조파저항과 마찰저항이 최소가 되는 선수형상을 구하기 위한 최적화문제에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 선미부는 기존선형으로 고정하며 선수부만의 offsets을 설계변수로 하였다. 구하고자 하는 최적선형을 기존선형과 이에 대한 미소변화량으로 나누어 조파저항계산시 기존선형에는 Neumann-Kelvin 이론을 적용하고 미소변화량에는 thin ship 이론을 적용하였으며 마찰저항은 ITTC 1957 모형선-실선 상관곡선을 이용하였다. 선체표면을 모양함수(shape function)를 이용하여 근사시켰고, 이로부터 목적함수인 조파저항과 마찰저항은 offsets에 대한 2차식 형태로 표현되므로 선형구속조건을 적용하면 2차계획(quadratic programing)문제를 세울 수 있으며 complementary pivot method를 이용하여 해를 구하였다. 대상선형은 Series 60 $C_{B}$=0.6이고 Fn=0.289에서 최적화하였으며, 적절한 구속조건을 주어서 현실적인 최적선수형상을 구하고자 하였다. 본 방법으로 구한 최적선형은 thin ship 이론만을 이용하여 구한 선형과 비교할 때 설계속도 Fn=0.289에서 약간의 조파저항성능 개선(1.92%)를 가져왔다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2014

The corrosion resistance of submerged entry nozzle (SEN) materials were investigated for high-class steel manufacturing. Composite samples were fabricated by mixing $ZrO_2$, $Al_2O_3$, MgO, mullite, spinel, and carbon. The raw materials were mixed with attrition milling, compacted in a uniaxial pressure of 200MPa and calcined at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 3 h in $N_2$ atmosphere. The bulk density and apparent porosity of the calcined samples were measured by the liquid displacement method in water using Archimedes's principle. The corrosion resistance of the samples were measured by cup test with mold powder at $1550^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. The microstructure and elemental analysis of samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), and X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD). The XRD result shows that the starting raw materials were crystalline phase. The microstructure of fabricated specimen was investigated before and after corrosion tests at $1000^{\circ}C$ and $1550^{\circ}C$ for 2h. $ZrO_2$-C composite showed good resistance in the slag corrosion test. Among the composite oxide materials, $ZrO_2-Al_2O_3$-C and $ZrO_2$-MgO-C showed better resistance than $ZrO_2$-C in the slag corrosion test. The diameter variation index of $ZrO_2$-C refractory was 16.1 at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. The diameter variation index of the $ZrO_2-Al_2O_3$-C refractory was larger than that of the $ZrO_2$-C refractory at $1550^{\circ}C$ for 2 h.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.637-638
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• 2013

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1998년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.195-196
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• 1998

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.162-165
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• 2011

In this paper, $CuInSe_2$ thin film was prepared by use of the co-evaporation method with the variation of the substrate temperature in the range of $100^{\circ}C$ to $400^{\circ}C$. The film was annealed at $300^{\circ}C$ for an hour in a vacuum chamber at $3{\times}10-4$ Pa. After annealing, the thin film prepared at the substrate temperatures of $100^{\circ}C$ and $200^{\circ}C$ was observed. The XRD (x-ray diffraction) pattern of sample prepared at $100^{\circ}C$ showed the single phase formation of $CuInSe_2$. However, at $200^{\circ}C$, there was no apparent difference in the XRD pattern except a variation in the intensity of the peak. As the annealing treatment of substrate improved the crystal structure of the film, it affected to the increase of an electron mobility, resulted in an increase in conductivity and a decrease in resistance. As a results, when the substrate temperature was at $200^{\circ}C$ and $300^{\circ}C$, the sheet resistance was 1.534 $\Omega/\Box$ and 1.554 $\Omega/\Box$, respectively, and the resistivity was $1.76{\times}10-6\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ and $1.7210-6\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$, respectively. From the absorption spectrum measurements, there was no variation between the before and after annealing conductions. And it means that the annealing step does not affect the thickness of the thin film.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.883-898
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• 2019

This paper employs computational tools to predict power increase (or speed loss) and propulsion performances in waves of KVLCC2. Two-phase unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations have been solved using finite volume method; and a realizable k-ε model has been applied for the turbulent closure. The free-surface is obtained by solving a VOF equation. Sliding mesh method is applied to simulate the flow around an operating propeller. Towing and self-propulsion computations in calm water are carried out to obtain the towing force, propeller rotating speed, thrust and torque at the self-propulsion point. Towing computations in waves are performed to obtain the added resistance. The regular short head waves of λ/LPP = 0.6 with 4 wave steepness of H/λ = 0.007, 0.017, 0.023 and 0.033 are taken into account. Four methods to predict speed-power relationship in waves are discussed; Taylor expansion, direct powering, load variation, resistance and thrust identity methods. In the load variation method, the revised ITTC-78 method based on the 'thrust identity' is utilized to predict propulsive performances in full scale. The propulsion performances in waves including propeller rotating speed, thrust, torque, thrust deduction and wake fraction, propeller advance coefficient, hull, propeller open water, relative rotative and propulsive efficiencies, and delivered power are investigated.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2021

A suite of 3D large deformation finite element (FE) analyses was performed to investigate the load transfer mechanism and penetration resistance of spudcan foundations in heterogeneous soil profile consisting of sand and clay. The Elasto-Plastic models following Mohr-Coulomb and Tresca failure criteria were adopted for sand and clay, respectively. The accuracy of the numerical model was validated against centrifuge test measurements. The dense sand behavior with dilation is modeled using the non-associated flow rule. An investigation study consisting of key parameters, which includes variation in soil stratigraphy (sand-clay, sand-clay-sand), strength parameters of sand and clay (��' and su) and normalized height ratio of the sand layer (Hs/D) was conducted to assess the penetration behavior of spudcan. Based on calculated outputs, it was demonstrated that these parameters have a significant influence on the penetration resistance of spudcan. The calculated penetration resistance profiles are compared with the published (sand overlying clay) analytical model. It is confirmed that for the case of two-layer soil, the available theoretical model provides an accurate estimate of peak penetration resistance (qpeak). In the case of three-layer soil, the presence of a third stiff layer affects the penetration resistance profile due to the squeezing of the soil.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2012

Technology trend and application of laser fuse, anti-fuse, and eFUSE as well as the structure, programming mechanism, and reliability of eFUSE have been reviewed. In order to ensure eFUSE reliability in the field, a sensing circuit trip point consistent with the fuse resistance distribution, process variation, and device degradation in the circuit such as hot carrier or NBTI, as well as fuse resistance reliability must be considered to optimize and define a reliable fuse programming window.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.391-393
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• 2008

This paper is analysed by switching overvoltage on operating reclosing in 154 [kV] combined transmission systems. Combined transmission systems are modeled by EMTP/ATPDraw program. It is fault condition that simulate high resistance earth fault. The simulation is carried out considering variation of parameters such as resistance value of fault point and rate of underground line.

• 한국기계연구소 소보
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• 통권12호
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• pp.63-71
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• 1984

A new kind of bulb called Stern-End-Bulb(SEB) for the improvement of the after part of fine hull forms was developed. The reduction of wave resistance and the improvement of the powering performance for the ship with SEB were shown by the ship model tests, At the same time, the characteristics of wave in the vicinity of the stern and the mechanism of the resistance reduction by SEB were investigated. By the systematical variation of the SEB size, the optimum size of SEB was obtained.