• 경영과학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2007

Since the concept of "innovation resistance" was introduced as a summary construct for customers not adopting a superior innovation, a lot of researchers have examined to identify the relationship between the innovation resistance and the various innovation and situation variables. This paper addresses the innovation resistance coming from the introduction of a new R&D grant management system(RGMS) in a university. The new RGMS is based on research grant management policies newly accredited by the government, where the central management of the research grants is indispensable. We have surveyed professors and researchers about the introduction of a new RGMS, and empirically analyzed the perceived innovation characteristics and the user characteristics affecting the innovation resistance. The result shows that perceived risk is the most important factor influencing on the innovation resistance.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.557-562
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• 2009

Recently, researchers are developing a new, clean, renewable and sustainable energy to the industrial areas and the residential areas. Solar cell and fuel cell energy are presented in this paper. The paper shows the P-I and I-V characteristics of fuel cells which are connected in parallel and series. And the voltage drop of internal resistance of the fuel cell decreases with the increasing of the current of the fuel cell. A voltage drop at the internal resistance is increased according to the current, thus the terminal voltage is decreased. The internal resistance is calculated $0.3[\Omega]$ from maximum power transfer condition.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1989년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.97-100
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• 1989

Thermistor is the semiconducting material whose electrical resistance is varied with its self heating. In this paper, the improvement of resistance-temperature characteristics of NTC thermistor devices based on NiO was experimented. The specimens were prepared by mixing NiO and Mn$_2$O$_3$(1:1 mole %) and by addition of CuO(1 wt %, 2 wt %, 4 wt %). The specimens were compacted at the pressure of 1000 kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and sintered for 1 hour in air ambient at 120$0^{\circ}C$. Reducing CuO additions not only resistance-temperature characteristics, but also increased room temperature resistance.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2000

The conduction characteristics in Oriented polypropylene (OPP) film were studied over electric field intensities between 10 M/V m and 300 M/V m . The range of the conduction characteristics was divided in to five regions with increasing field intensity. Particularly, in the region from 70 Mb/m to 82 MV/m voltage-controlled negative resistance was displayed. In the negative resistance region current oscillations were also observed the negative resistance characteristics could by explaine by Gibbons theory.

• Annals of Laboratory Medicine
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.545-554
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• 2018

Background: The increasing morbidity and mortality rates associated with Acinetobacter baumannii are due to the emergence of drug resistance and the limited treatment options. We compared characteristics of colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-AB) clinical isolates recovered from patients with and without prior colistin treatment. We assessed whether prior colistin treatment affects the resistance mechanism of CR-AB isolates, mortality rates, and clinical characteristics. Additionally, a proper method for identifying CR-AB was determined. Methods: We collected 36 non-duplicate CR-AB clinical isolates resistant to colistin. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Sanger sequencing analysis, molecular typing, lipid A structure analysis, and in vitro synergy testing were performed. Eleven colistin-susceptible AB isolates were used as controls. Results: Despite no differences in clinical characteristics between patients with and without prior colistin treatment, resistance-causing genetic mutations were more frequent in isolates from colistin-treated patients. Distinct mutations were overlooked via the Sanger sequencing method, perhaps because of a masking effect by the colistin-susceptible AB subpopulation of CR-AB isolates lacking genetic mutations. However, modified lipid A analysis revealed colistin resistance peaks, despite the population heterogeneity, and peak levels were significantly different between the groups. Conclusions: Although prior colistin use did not induce clinical or susceptibility differences, we demonstrated that identification of CR-AB by sequencing is insufficient. We propose that population heterogeneity has a masking effect, especially in colistin non-treated patients; therefore, accurate testing methods reflecting physiological alterations of the bacteria, such as phosphoethanolamine-modified lipid A identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight, should be employed.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2013

Aspirin is still the mainstay of antiplatelet therapy in the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. However, some patients are not responsive to the antithrombotic action of aspirin. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and clinical characteristics of aspirin resistance in patients with cerebral infarction. We tested platelet function in 557 patients who had been treated with aspirin in J general hospital. Platelet function was tested using the multiple electrode platelet aggregometry (MEA). Platelet reactivity was expressed as area under the aggregation curve (AUC, U) and >30 AUC was defined as aspirin resistance. Aspirin resistance was detected in 16.2% patients. There was not any significant differences in age, gender between aspirin resistance and aspirin sensitive patients. WBC was significantly higher in patients with aspirin resistance (P < .05). HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher in patients with aspirin sensitive (P < .05). Aspirin resistance was positive correlation with platelet count (r =.314, P =.003). The prevalence of aspirin resistance in cerebral infarction was 16.2%, and platelet count were related with aspirin resistance.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.121-146
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 해운항만산업에서 블록체인을 도입할 때 발생하는 혁신저항에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 대한 실증연구를 하는 것이다. 본 연구의 목적 달성을 위해 기존의 연구를 통하여 블록체인 도입에 대한 혁신저항에 영향을 미치는 요인을 도출하여 모형을 구축하였다. 모형의 유효성을 검증하기 위하여 국내의 해운항만산업에 종사하고 있는 종사자들을 대상으로 설문지를 이용하여 자료를 수집하고 통계분석을 통하여 모형을 검증하였다. 본 연구에서는 블록체인 도입에 따른 해운항만종사자들의 혁신저항에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 4가지 특성(혁신특성, 소비자 특성, 경제성, 사회적 영향)을 중심으로 변수들을 선택하였다. 혁신특성에 속하는 변수로는 상대적 이점, 복잡성, 인지된 위험이 포함되었고, 소비자 특성으로는 기존제품에 대한 태도, 혁신성, 자기효능감이 포함되었고, 경제성 변수로 비용의 합리성, 그리고 사회적 영향이 포함되었다. 이들 8가지 변수들이 혁신저항에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지에 대한 8개의 가설을 PLS 3.0 분석을 통하여 검정하였다. 가설검정 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 혁신특성 변수들 중에서 상대적 이점과 인지된 위험은 혁신저항에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었지만, 복잡성은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 둘째, 소비자 특성에 속하는 변수들 중에서 기존 제품에 대한 태도와 혁신성은 혁신저항에 유의한 값을 보였지만, 자기효능감은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 셋째, 비용의 합리성은 혁신저항에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 사회적 영향은 혁신저항에 영향을 미치는 결과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2006

이원계 산화막인 비정질 $SiO_2$와 다결정 $TiO_2$의 저항 변화 특성을 연구하였다. Metal-Insulator-Metal의 저항 소자를 형성하여 전압 sweep에 의한 I-V를 측정하여 저항 상태를 확인하였다. 즉, 낮은 저항 상태 (LRS) 와 높은 저항 상태 (HRS) 의 두 가지 저항 상태가 존재하였으며, LRS는 전압에 의한 절연체의 불완전한 breakdown 후에, HRS는 전압에 의한 negative differential resistance 후에 각각 나타났다. LRS의 경우에는 Ohmic 전도 mechanism에 의해서, HRS의 경우에는 Schottky contact에 의한 potential barrier의 생성이 저항 상태를 결정한다고 제안하였다. 즉, potential barrier의 생성과 소멸이 두 저항 상태를 형성한다고 할 수 있다. 유전율이 높은 $TiO_2$가 $SiO_2$에 비하여, 낮은 동작 특성 전압을 나타내었으며, 1 V에서의 저항비도 높았다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2019

In 2018, overload, overcurrent, insulation aging, and a contact failure caused 659 electric fires. There is almost no failure of electrical socket outlets during their manufacturing or installation period. After several months or several years, overload or overcurrent of electrical socket outlets leads to a contact failure or short circuit which causes an electric fire. Therefore, this paper analyzed for thermal characteristics based on a current value and the change in insulation resistance along with a temperature rise caused by electrical socket outlets and the state of laboratory use in workplaces. As a results, regarding the thermal characteristics based on the current value of each installation year, a temperature increase was related to a current value, an installation year, and whether the contact unit is corroded. Insulation resistance began to decrease when a temperature increased to a certain level. With a lapse of installation year, the temperature at which insulation resistance began to decrease was lowered. This paper can be applicable for the survey data about electrical socket outlet induced fire accidents and management guidelines.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.149-160
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• 2007

The IAEA launched the International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO) and developed the INPRO Methodology to provide guidelines and to assess the characteristics of a future innovative nuclear energy system in areas such as safety, economics, waste management, and proliferation resistance. The proliferation resistance area of the INPRO Methodology is reviewed here, and modifications for further improvements are proposed. The evaluation metrics including the evaluation parameters, evaluation scales and acceptance limits are developed for a practical application of the methodology to assess the proliferation resistance. The proliferation resistant characteristics of the DUPIC fuel cycle are assessed by applying the modified INPRO Methodology based on the developed evaluation metrics and acceptance criteria. The evaluation procedure and the metrics can be utilized as a reference for an evaluation of the proliferation resistance of a future innovative nuclear energy system.